version that you are working on. See TRANSLATION for details.
@end ignore
-@c \version "2.11.61"
+@c \version "2.11.65"
@node Staff notation
@section Staff notation
@lilypondfile[quote]{staff-headword.ly}
-This section explains how to influence the staff appearance, print
-scores with more than one staff, and how to apply specific
-performance marks to single staves.
+This section explains how to influence the appearance of staves,
+how to print scores with more than one staff, and how to add tempo
+indications and cue notes to staves.
@menu
* Displaying staves::
@subsection Displaying staves
This section describes the different methods of creating and
-grouping staves, which are marked at the beginning of each line
-with either a bracket or a brace.
+grouping staves.
@menu
* Instantiating new staves::
\new Staff { c4 d e f }
@end lilypond
-@code{DrumStaff} creates a five-line staff set up for a
-typical drum set. It uses different names for each instrument.
-The instrument names are set using the @code{\drummode} command.
+The @code{DrumStaff} context creates a five-line staff set up for
+a typical drum set. Each instrument is shown with a different
+symbol. The instruments are entered in drum mode following a
+@code{\drummode} command, with each instrument specified by name.
For details, see @ref{Percussion staves}.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
}
@end lilypond
-@c FIXME: remove when mentioned in NR 2.8
-@code{GregorianTranscriptionStaff} creates a staff to notate
-modern Gregorian chant. It does not show bar lines.
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\new GregorianTranscriptionStaff { c4 d e f }
-@end lilypond
-
@code{RhythmicStaff} creates a single-line staff that only
displays the rhythmic values of the input. Real durations are
preserved. For details, see @ref{Showing melody rhythms}.
music: @code{MensuralStaff} and @code{VaticanaStaff}. They are
described in @ref{Pre-defined contexts}.
+The @code{GregorianTranscriptionStaff} context creates a staff to
+notate modern Gregorian chant. It does not show bar lines.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+\new GregorianTranscriptionStaff { c4 d e f e d }
+@end lilypond
+
New single staff contexts may be defined. For details, see
@ref{Defining new contexts}.
@seealso
-
Music Glossary:
@rglos{staff},
@rglos{staves}.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
\new PianoStaff <<
- \set PianoStaff.instrumentName = "Piano"
+ \set PianoStaff.instrumentName = #"Piano"
\new Staff { c1 c }
\new Staff { c1 c }
>>
@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
{mensurstriche-layout-bar-lines-between-the-staves.ly}
-@c FIXME: move to NR 2.8.x when sectioning is ready
@seealso
-
Music Glossary:
@rglos{brace},
@rglos{bracket},
@cindex nested staff brackets
@cindex brackets, nesting of
@cindex braces, nesting of
-@cindex inner staff group
-@cindex inner choir staff group
-Two additional staff-group contexts are available that can be
-nested within a @code{StaffGroup} or @code{ChoirStaff} context:
-@code{InnerStaffGroup} and @code{InnerChoirStaff}. These contexts
-create a new bracket adjacent to the bracket of their parent staff
-group.
-
-An @code{InnerStaffGroup} is treated similarly to a
-@code{StaffGroup}; bar lines are connected between each staff
-within the context:
+Staff-group contexts can be nested to arbitrary depths. In this
+case, each child context creates a new bracket adjacent to the
+bracket of its parent group.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
\new StaffGroup <<
\new Staff { c2 c | c2 c }
- \new InnerStaffGroup <<
+ \new StaffGroup <<
\new Staff { g2 g | g2 g }
- \new Staff { e2 e | e2 e }
- >>
->>
-@end lilypond
-
-Bar lines are @emph{not} connected between staves of an
-@code{InnerChoirStaff}, just like a @code{ChoirStaff}:
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\new ChoirStaff <<
- \new Staff { c2 c | c2 c }
- \new InnerChoirStaff <<
- \new Staff { g2 g | g2 g }
- \new Staff { e2 e | e2 e }
+ \new StaffGroup \with {
+ systemStartDelimiter = #'SystemStartSquare
+ }
+ <<
+ \new Staff { e2 e | e2 e }
+ \new Staff { c2 c | c2 c }
+ >>
>>
- \new Staff { c1 | c1 }
>>
@end lilypond
@seealso
-
Notation Reference:
@ref{Grouping staves},
@ref{Instrument names},
@rlsr{Staff notation}.
Internals Reference:
-@rinternals{InnerStaffGroup},
@rinternals{StaffGroup},
-@rinternals{InnerChoirStaff},
@rinternals{ChoirStaff},
@rinternals{SystemStartBar},
@rinternals{SystemStartBrace},
{ d4 d d d }
@end lilypond
-The vertical position of staff lines and the number of staff lines
-can be defined at the same time. As the following example shows,
-note positions are not influenced by the staff line positions.
-
-@warning{The @code{'line-positions} property overrides the
-@code{'line-count} property. The number of staff lines is
-implicitly defined by the number of elements in the list of values
-for @code{'line-positions}.}
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
-\new Staff \with {
- \override StaffSymbol #'line-positions = #'(7 3 0 -4 -6 -7)
-}
-{ a4 e' f b | d1 }
-@end lilypond
-
Staff line thickness can be modified. The thickness of ledger
lines and stems are also affected, since they depend on staff line
thickness.
@end lilypond
Ledger line thickness can be set independently of staff line
-thickness.
+thickness. In the example the two numbers are factors multiplying
+the staff line thickness and the staff line spacing. The two
+contributions are added to give the ledger line thickness.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
\new Staff \with {
{ a4 b c d }
@end lilypond
-The width of a staff can be modified. The units are staff
-spaces. The spacing of objects inside the staff is not affected by
-this setting.
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
-\new Staff \with {
- \override StaffSymbol #'width = #23
-}
-{ a4 e' f b | d1 }
-@end lilypond
-
Further details about the properties of @code{StaffSymbol} can be
found in @rinternals{staff-symbol-interface}.
@predefined
-
@code{\startStaff},
@code{\stopStaff}.
+@endpredefined
@snippets
@seealso
-
Music Glossary:
@rglos{line},
@rglos{ledger line},
@end lilypond
@noindent
-However, the above example is usually not the desired result. To
+However, the above example is not what is usually desired. To
create ossia staves that are above the original staff, have no
time signature or clef, and have a smaller font size, tweaks must
be used. The Learning Manual describes a specific technique to
<<
\new Staff = ossia \with {
\remove "Time_signature_engraver"
- \remove "Clef_engraver"
+ \override Clef #'transparent = ##t
fontSize = #-3
\override StaffSymbol #'staff-space = #(magstep -3)
\override StaffSymbol #'thickness = #(magstep -3)
<<
\new Staff = ossia \with {
\remove "Time_signature_engraver"
- \remove "Clef_engraver"
+ \override Clef #'transparent = ##t
fontSize = #-3
\override StaffSymbol #'staff-space = #(magstep -3)
\override StaffSymbol #'thickness = #(magstep -3)
@seealso
-
Music Glossary:
@rglos{ossia},
@rglos{staff},
Score}. By default, this command hides and removes all empty
staves in a score except for those in the first system.
-@warning{An empty staff may only include multi-measure rests,
-skips, spacer rests, or a combination of these elements.}
+@warning{A staff is considered empty when it contains only
+multi-measure rests, skips, spacer rests, or a combination of these
+elements.}
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
\layout {
@predefined
-
@code{\RemoveEmptyStaffContext},
@code{\AncientRemoveEmptyStaffContext},
@code{\RemoveEmptyRhythmicStaffContext}.
+@endpredefined
@snippets
@seealso
-
Music Glossary:
@rglos{Frenched staff}.
@c perhaps also an example of how to move it horizontally?
-@c TODO add snippet when ready
-@c @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
-@c {changing-the-tempo-without-a-visible-metronome-mark.ly}
-
-To change the tempo in the MIDI output without printing anything,
-make the metronome marking invisible
-
-@example
-\once \override Score.MetronomeMark #'transparent = ##t
-@end example
-
-@c TODO add snippet when ready
-@c @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
-@c {creating-metronome-marks-in-markup-mode.ly}
-
-To print other metronome markings, use these markup commands
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+{changing-the-tempo-without-a-metronome-mark.ly}
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
-c4^\markup {
- (
- \smaller \general-align #Y #DOWN \note #"16." #1
- =
- \smaller \general-align #Y #DOWN \note #"8" #1
- ) }
-@end lilypond
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+{creating-metronome-marks-in-markup-mode.ly}
For more details, see @ref{Formatting text}.
@seealso
-
Music Glossary:
@rglos{metronome},
@rglos{metronomic indication},
of @code{shortInstrumentName} is used for all succeeding staves.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,relative=1]
-\set Staff.instrumentName = "Violin "
-\set Staff.shortInstrumentName = "Vln "
+\set Staff.instrumentName = #"Violin "
+\set Staff.shortInstrumentName = #"Vln "
c4.. g'16 c4.. g'16
\break
c1
default. To center multi-line instrument names,
@code{\center-column} must be used:
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,indent=1.5\cm,relative=2]
<<
\new Staff {
- \set Staff.instrumentName = "Flute"
+ \set Staff.instrumentName = #"Flute"
f2 g4 f
}
\new Staff {
\set Staff.instrumentName = \markup \center-column {
- Clarinetti
+ Clarinet
\line { "in B" \smaller \flat }
}
c4 b c2
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
\layout {
- indent = 2.5\cm
+ indent = 3.0\cm
short-indent = 1.5\cm
}
\relative c'' <<
\new Staff {
- \set Staff.instrumentName = "Flute"
- \set Staff.shortInstrumentName = "Fl."
+ \set Staff.instrumentName = #"Alto Flute in G"
+ \set Staff.shortInstrumentName = #"Fl."
f2 g4 f \break
g4 f g2
}
\new Staff {
- \set Staff.instrumentName = "Clarinet"
- \set Staff.shortInstrumentName = "Clar."
+ \set Staff.instrumentName = #"Clarinet"
+ \set Staff.shortInstrumentName = #"Clar."
c,4 b c2 \break
c2 b4 c
}
Instrument names may be changed in the middle of a piece:
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,relative=1]
-\set Staff.instrumentName = "First"
-\set Staff.shortInstrumentName = "one"
+\set Staff.instrumentName = #"First"
+\set Staff.shortInstrumentName = #"one"
c1 c c c \break
c1 c c c \break
-\set Staff.instrumentName = "Second"
-\set Staff.shortInstrumentName = "two"
+\set Staff.instrumentName = #"Second"
+\set Staff.shortInstrumentName = #"two"
c1 c c c \break
c1 c c c \break
@end lilypond
@code{\instrumentSwitch} to create a detailed list of the
necessary changes for the switch. The
@code{\addInstrumentDefinition} command has two arguments: an
-identifying string, and an alist of context properties and values
-to be used for the instrument. It must be placed in the toplevel
-scope. @code{\instrumentSwitch} is used in the music expression
-to declare the instrument switch:
+identifying string, and an association list of context properties
+and values to be used for the instrument. It must be placed in
+the toplevel scope. @code{\instrumentSwitch} is used in the music
+expression to declare the instrument switch:
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
\addInstrumentDefinition #"contrabassoon"
(midiInstrument . "bassoon"))
\new Staff \with {
- instrumentName = "Bassoon"
+ instrumentName = #"Bassoon"
}
\relative c' {
\clef tenor
@seealso
-
Notation Reference:
@ref{Horizontal dimensions},
@ref{Modifying context plug-ins}.
@cindex fragments
@cindex cue notes
-It is very common for one voice to double the some of the music from
-another voice. For example, the first and second violins may play the
-same notes during a passage of music. In LilyPond this is accomplished
+It is very common for one voice to double some of the music from
+another voice. For example, the first and second violins may play the
+same notes during a passage of music. In LilyPond this is accomplished
by letting one voice @emph{quote} the other voice without having to
re-enter it.
-
-Before a part can be quoted, the @code{\addQuote} command must be used
-to initialize the quoted fragment. This command must be used in the
-toplevel scope. The first argument is an identifying string, and the
-second is a music expression:
+
+Before a part can be quoted, the @code{\addQuote} command must be used
+to initialize the quoted fragment. This command must be used in the
+toplevel scope. The first argument is an identifying string, and the
+second is a music expression:
@example
flute = \relative c'' @{
@seealso
-
Notation Reference:
@ref{Instrument transpositions},
@ref{Using tags}.
notes into a part. The syntax is as follows:
@example
- \cueDuring #@var{partname} #@var{voice} @var{music}
+\cueDuring #@var{partname} #@var{voice} @var{music}
@end example
This command copies the corresponding measures from @var{partname}
oboe = \relative c''' {
g4 r8 e16 f e4 d
}
-\addQuote oboe { \oboe }
+\addQuote "oboe" { \oboe }
\new Staff \relative c'' <<
\new CueVoice \with {
flute = \relative c''' {
r2 cis2 r2 dis2
}
-\addQuote flute { \flute }
+\addQuote "flute" { \flute }
\new Voice \relative c'' {
\killCues {
@seealso
-
Notation Reference:
@ref{Instrument transpositions},
@ref{Instrument names},
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff