+++ /dev/null
-@c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*-
-@ignore
- Translation of GIT committish: FILL-IN-HEAD-COMMITTISH
-
- When revising a translation, copy the HEAD committish of the
- version that you are working on. See TRANSLATION for details.
-@end ignore
-
-@c \version "2.12.0"
-
-@node Staff notation
-@section Staff notation
-
-@lilypondfile[quote]{staff-headword.ly}
-
-This section explains how to influence the appearance of staves,
-how to print scores with more than one staff, and how to add tempo
-indications and cue notes to staves.
-
-@menu
-* Displaying staves::
-* Modifying single staves::
-* Writing parts::
-@end menu
-
-
-@node Displaying staves
-@subsection Displaying staves
-
-This section describes the different methods of creating and
-grouping staves.
-
-@menu
-* Instantiating new staves::
-* Grouping staves::
-* Nested staff groups::
-@end menu
-
-
-@node Instantiating new staves
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Instantiating new staves
-
-@cindex new staff
-@cindex staff initiation
-@cindex staff instantiation
-@cindex staff, new
-@cindex staff, single
-@cindex staff, drum
-@cindex staff, percussion
-@cindex drum staff
-@cindex percussion staff
-@cindex Gregorian transcription staff
-@cindex rhythmic staff
-@cindex tabstaff
-@cindex tablature
-
-@funindex \drummode
-@funindex drummode
-
-@notation{Staves} (singular: @notation{staff}) are created with
-the @code{\new} or @code{\context} commands. For details, see
-@ref{Creating contexts}.
-
-The basic staff context is @code{Staff}:
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\new Staff { c4 d e f }
-@end lilypond
-
-The @code{DrumStaff} context creates a five-line staff set up for
-a typical drum set. Each instrument is shown with a different
-symbol. The instruments are entered in drum mode following a
-@code{\drummode} command, with each instrument specified by name.
-For details, see @ref{Percussion staves}.
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-\new DrumStaff {
- \drummode { cymc hh ss tomh }
-}
-@end lilypond
-
-@code{RhythmicStaff} creates a single-line staff that only
-displays the rhythmic values of the input. Real durations are
-preserved. For details, see @ref{Showing melody rhythms}.
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\new RhythmicStaff { c4 d e f }
-@end lilypond
-
-@code{TabStaff} creates a tablature with six strings in standard
-guitar tuning. For details, see @ref{Default tablatures}.
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\new TabStaff { c4 d e f }
-@end lilypond
-
-There are two staff contexts specific for the notation of ancient
-music: @code{MensuralStaff} and @code{VaticanaStaff}. They are
-described in @ref{Pre-defined contexts}.
-
-The @code{GregorianTranscriptionStaff} context creates a staff to
-notate modern Gregorian chant. It does not show bar lines.
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\new GregorianTranscriptionStaff { c4 d e f e d }
-@end lilypond
-
-New single staff contexts may be defined. For details, see
-@ref{Defining new contexts}.
-
-
-@seealso
-Music Glossary:
-@rglos{staff},
-@rglos{staves}.
-
-Notation Reference:
-@ref{Creating contexts},
-@ref{Percussion staves},
-@ref{Showing melody rhythms},
-@ref{Default tablatures},
-@ref{Pre-defined contexts},
-@ref{Staff symbol},
-@ref{Gregorian chant contexts},
-@ref{Mensural contexts},
-@ref{Defining new contexts}.
-
-Snippets:
-@rlsr{Staff notation}.
-
-Internals Reference:
-@rinternals{Staff},
-@rinternals{DrumStaff},
-@rinternals{GregorianTranscriptionStaff},
-@rinternals{RhythmicStaff},
-@rinternals{TabStaff},
-@rinternals{MensuralStaff},
-@rinternals{VaticanaStaff},
-@rinternals{StaffSymbol}.
-
-
-@node Grouping staves
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Grouping staves
-
-@cindex start of system
-@cindex staff, multiple
-@cindex staves, multiple
-@cindex system start delimiters
-@cindex bracket, vertical
-@cindex brace, vertical
-@cindex choir staff
-@cindex grand staff
-@cindex piano staff
-@cindex staff group
-@cindex staff, choir
-@cindex staff, piano
-@cindex staff, grand
-@cindex system
-
-Various contexts exist to group single staves together in order to
-form multi-stave systems. Each grouping context sets the style of
-the system start delimiter and the behavior of bar lines.
-
-If no context is specified, the default properties will be used:
-the group is started with a vertical line, and the bar lines are
-not connected.
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-<<
- \new Staff { c1 c }
- \new Staff { c1 c }
->>
-@end lilypond
-
-In the @code{StaffGroup} context, the group is started with a
-bracket and bar lines are drawn through all the staves.
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\new StaffGroup <<
- \new Staff { c1 c }
- \new Staff { c1 c }
->>
-@end lilypond
-
-In a @code{ChoirStaff}, the group starts with a bracket, but bar
-lines are not connected.
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\new ChoirStaff <<
- \new Staff { c1 c }
- \new Staff { c1 c }
->>
-@end lilypond
-
-In a @code{GrandStaff}, the group begins with a brace, and bar
-lines are connected between the staves.
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\new GrandStaff <<
- \new Staff { c1 c }
- \new Staff { c1 c }
->>
-@end lilypond
-
-The @code{PianoStaff} is identical to a @code{GrandStaff}, except
-that it supports printing the instrument name directly. For
-details, see @ref{Instrument names}.
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\new PianoStaff <<
- \set PianoStaff.instrumentName = #"Piano"
- \new Staff { c1 c }
- \new Staff { c1 c }
->>
-@end lilypond
-
-Each staff group context sets the property
-@code{systemStartDelimiter} to one of the following values:
-@code{SystemStartBar}, @code{SystemStartBrace}, or
-@code{SystemStartBracket}. A fourth delimiter,
-@code{SystemStartSquare}, is also available, but it must be
-explicitly specified.
-
-New staff group contexts may be defined. For details, see
-@ref{Defining new contexts}.
-
-
-@snippets
-
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
-{use-square-bracket-at-the-start-of-a-staff-group.ly}
-
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
-{display-bracket-with-only-one-staff-in-a-system.ly}
-
-@cindex mensurstriche layout
-@cindex renaissance music
-@cindex transcription of mensural music
-@cindex mensural music, transcription of
-
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
-{mensurstriche-layout-bar-lines-between-the-staves.ly}
-
-
-@seealso
-Music Glossary:
-@rglos{brace},
-@rglos{bracket},
-@rglos{grand staff}.
-
-Notation Reference:
-@ref{Instrument names},
-@ref{Defining new contexts}.
-
-Snippets:
-@rlsr{Staff notation}.
-
-Internals Reference:
-@rinternals{Staff},
-@rinternals{StaffGroup},
-@rinternals{ChoirStaff},
-@rinternals{GrandStaff},
-@rinternals{PianoStaff},
-@rinternals{SystemStartBar},
-@rinternals{SystemStartBrace},
-@rinternals{SystemStartBracket},
-@rinternals{SystemStartSquare}.
-
-
-@node Nested staff groups
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Nested staff groups
-
-@cindex staff, nested
-@cindex staves, nested
-@cindex nesting of staves
-@cindex system start delimiters, nested
-@cindex nested staff brackets
-@cindex brackets, nesting of
-@cindex braces, nesting of
-
-Staff-group contexts can be nested to arbitrary depths. In this
-case, each child context creates a new bracket adjacent to the
-bracket of its parent group.
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\new StaffGroup <<
- \new Staff { c2 c | c2 c }
- \new StaffGroup <<
- \new Staff { g2 g | g2 g }
- \new StaffGroup \with {
- systemStartDelimiter = #'SystemStartSquare
- }
- <<
- \new Staff { e2 e | e2 e }
- \new Staff { c2 c | c2 c }
- >>
- >>
->>
-@end lilypond
-
-New nested staff group contexts can be defined. For details, see
-@ref{Defining new contexts}.
-
-
-@snippets
-
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
-{nesting-staves.ly}
-
-
-@seealso
-Notation Reference:
-@ref{Grouping staves},
-@ref{Instrument names},
-@ref{Defining new contexts}.
-
-Snippets:
-@rlsr{Staff notation}.
-
-Internals Reference:
-@rinternals{StaffGroup},
-@rinternals{ChoirStaff},
-@rinternals{SystemStartBar},
-@rinternals{SystemStartBrace},
-@rinternals{SystemStartBracket},
-@rinternals{SystemStartSquare}.
-
-
-@node Modifying single staves
-@subsection Modifying single staves
-
-This section explains how to change specific attributes of one
-staff: for example, modifying the number of staff lines or the
-staff size. Methods to start and stop staves and set ossia
-sections are also described.
-
-@menu
-* Staff symbol::
-* Ossia staves::
-* Hiding staves::
-@end menu
-
-
-@node Staff symbol
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Staff symbol
-
-@cindex adjusting staff symbol
-@cindex drawing staff symbol
-@cindex staff symbol, setting of
-@cindex staff symbol, drawing
-@cindex stop staff lines
-@cindex start staff lines
-@cindex staff lines, amount of
-@cindex staff lines, number of
-@cindex staff line, thickness of
-@cindex amount of staff lines
-@cindex thickness of staff lines
-@cindex ledger lines, setting
-@cindex setting of ledger lines
-@cindex spacing of ledger lines
-@cindex number of staff lines
-
-The lines of a staff belong to the @code{StaffSymbol} grob.
-@code{StaffSymbol} properties can be modified to change the
-appearance of a staff, but they must be modified before the staff
-is created.
-
-The number of staff lines may be changed. The clef position and
-the position of middle C may need to be modified to fit the new
-staff. For an explanation, refer to the snippet section in
-@ref{Clef}.
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\new Staff \with {
- \override StaffSymbol #'line-count = #3
-}
-{ d4 d d d }
-@end lilypond
-
-Staff line thickness can be modified. The thickness of ledger
-lines and stems are also affected, since they depend on staff line
-thickness.
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
-\new Staff \with {
- \override StaffSymbol #'thickness = #3
-}
-{ e4 d c b }
-@end lilypond
-
-Ledger line thickness can be set independently of staff line
-thickness. In the example the two numbers are factors multiplying
-the staff line thickness and the staff line spacing. The two
-contributions are added to give the ledger line thickness.
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
-\new Staff \with {
- \override StaffSymbol #'ledger-line-thickness = #'(1 . 0.2)
-}
-{ e4 d c b }
-@end lilypond
-
-The distance between staff lines can be changed. This setting
-affects the spacing of ledger lines as well.
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
-\new Staff \with {
- \override StaffSymbol #'staff-space = #1.5
-}
-{ a4 b c d }
-@end lilypond
-
-Further details about the properties of @code{StaffSymbol} can be
-found in @rinternals{staff-symbol-interface}.
-
-@cindex stopping a staff
-@cindex starting a staff
-@cindex staff, starting
-@cindex staff, stopping
-
-@funindex \startStaff
-@funindex startStaff
-@funindex \stopStaff
-@funindex stopStaff
-
-Modifications to staff properties in the middle of a score can be
-placed between @code{\stopStaff} and @code{\startStaff}:
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-c2 c
-\stopStaff
-\override Staff.StaffSymbol #'line-count = #2
-\startStaff
-b2 b
-\stopStaff
-\revert Staff.StaffSymbol #'line-count
-\startStaff
-a2 a
-@end lilypond
-
-@noindent
-In general, @code{\startStaff} and @code{\stopStaff} can be used
-to stop or start a staff in the middle of a score.
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-c4 b a2
-\stopStaff
-b4 c d2
-\startStaff
-e4 d c2
-@end lilypond
-
-
-@predefined
-@code{\startStaff},
-@code{\stopStaff}.
-@endpredefined
-
-
-@snippets
-
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
-{making-some-staff-lines-thicker-than-the-others.ly}
-
-
-@seealso
-Music Glossary:
-@rglos{line},
-@rglos{ledger line},
-@rglos{staff}.
-
-Notation Reference:
-@ref{Clef}.
-
-Snippets:
-@rlsr{Staff notation}.
-
-Internals Reference:
-@rinternals{StaffSymbol},
-@rinternals{staff-symbol-interface}.
-
-
-@node Ossia staves
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Ossia staves
-
-@cindex staff, Frenched
-@cindex ossia
-@cindex Frenched staves
-@cindex staff, resizing of
-@cindex resizing of staves
-
-@funindex \startStaff
-@funindex startStaff
-@funindex \stopStaff
-@funindex stopStaff
-
-@notation{Ossia} staves can be set by creating a new simultaneous
-staff in the appropriate location:
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-\new Staff \relative c'' {
- c4 b d c
- <<
- { c4 b d c }
- \new Staff { e4 d f e }
- >>
- c4 b c2
-}
-@end lilypond
-
-@noindent
-However, the above example is not what is usually desired. To
-create ossia staves that are above the original staff, have no
-time signature or clef, and have a smaller font size, tweaks must
-be used. The Learning Manual describes a specific technique to
-achieve this goal, beginning with
-@rlearning{Nesting music expressions}.
-
-The following example uses the @code{alignAboveContext} property
-to align the ossia staff. This method is most appropriate when
-only a few ossia staves are needed.
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-\new Staff = main \relative c'' {
- c4 b d c
- <<
- { c4 b d c }
-
- \new Staff \with {
- \remove "Time_signature_engraver"
- alignAboveContext = #"main"
- fontSize = #-3
- \override StaffSymbol #'staff-space = #(magstep -3)
- \override StaffSymbol #'thickness = #(magstep -3)
- firstClef = ##f
- }
- { e4 d f e }
- >>
- c4 b c2
-}
-@end lilypond
-
-If many isolated ossia staves are needed, creating an empty
-@code{Staff} context with a specific @emph{context id} may be more
-appropriate; the ossia staves may then be created by
-@emph{calling} this context and using @code{\startStaff} and
-@code{\stopStaff} at the desired locations. The benefits of this
-method are more apparent if the piece is longer than the following
-example.
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
-<<
- \new Staff = ossia \with {
- \remove "Time_signature_engraver"
- \override Clef #'transparent = ##t
- fontSize = #-3
- \override StaffSymbol #'staff-space = #(magstep -3)
- \override StaffSymbol #'thickness = #(magstep -3)
- }
- { \stopStaff s1*6 }
-
- \new Staff \relative c' {
- c4 b c2
- <<
- { e4 f e2 }
- \context Staff = ossia {
- \startStaff e4 g8 f e2 \stopStaff
- }
- >>
- g4 a g2 \break
- c4 b c2
- <<
- { g4 a g2 }
- \context Staff = ossia {
- \startStaff g4 e8 f g2 \stopStaff
- }
- >>
- e4 d c2
- }
->>
-@end lilypond
-
-Using the @code{\RemoveEmptyStaffContext} command to create ossia
-staves may be used as an alternative. This method is most
-convenient when ossia staves occur immediately following a line
-break. In this case, spacer rests do not need to be used at all;
-only @code{\startStaff} and @code{\stopStaff} are necessary. For
-more information about @code{\RemoveEmptyStaffContext}, see
-@ref{Hiding staves}.
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
-<<
- \new Staff = ossia \with {
- \remove "Time_signature_engraver"
- \override Clef #'transparent = ##t
- fontSize = #-3
- \override StaffSymbol #'staff-space = #(magstep -3)
- \override StaffSymbol #'thickness = #(magstep -3)
- }
- \new Staff \relative c' {
- c4 b c2
- e4 f e2
- g4 a g2 \break
- <<
- { c4 b c2 }
- \context Staff = ossia {
- c4 e8 d c2 \stopStaff
- }
- >>
- g4 a g2
- e4 d c2
- }
->>
-
-\layout {
- \context {
- \RemoveEmptyStaffContext
- \override VerticalAxisGroup #'remove-first = ##t
- }
-}
-@end lilypond
-
-
-@snippets
-
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
-{vertically-aligning-ossias-and-lyrics.ly}
-
-
-@seealso
-Music Glossary:
-@rglos{ossia},
-@rglos{staff},
-@rglos{Frenched staff}.
-
-Learning Manual:
-@rlearning{Nesting music expressions},
-@rlearning{Size of objects},
-@rlearning{Length and thickness of objects}.
-
-Notation Reference:
-@ref{Hiding staves}.
-
-Snippets:
-@rlsr{Staff notation}.
-
-Internals Reference:
-@rinternals{StaffSymbol}.
-
-
-@node Hiding staves
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Hiding staves
-
-@cindex Frenched score
-@cindex Frenched staff
-@cindex staff, hiding
-@cindex staff, empty
-@cindex hiding of staves
-@cindex empty staves
-
-@funindex \RemoveEmptyStaffContext
-@funindex RemoveEmptyStaffContext
-
-
-Staff lines can be hidden by removing the
-@code{Staff_symbol_engraver} from the @code{Staff} context. As an
-alternative, @code{\stopStaff} may be used.
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-\new Staff \with {
- \remove "Staff_symbol_engraver"
-}
-\relative c''' { a8 f e16 d c b a2 }
-@end lilypond
-
-
-Empty staves can be hidden by setting the
-@code{\RemoveEmptyStaffContext} command in the @code{\layout}
-block. In orchestral scores, this style is known as @q{Frenched
-Score}. By default, this command hides and removes all empty
-staves in a score except for those in the first system.
-
-@warning{A staff is considered empty when it contains only
-multi-measure rests, skips, spacer rests, or a combination of these
-elements.}
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
-\layout {
- \context {
- \RemoveEmptyStaffContext
- }
-}
-
-\relative c' <<
- \new Staff {
- e4 f g a \break
- b1 \break
- a4 b c2
- }
- \new Staff {
- c,4 d e f \break
- R1 \break
- f4 g c,2
- }
->>
-@end lilypond
-
-@cindex ossia
-
-@noindent
-@code{\RemoveEmptyStaffContext} can also be used to create ossia
-sections for a staff. For details, see @ref{Ossia staves}.
-
-@cindex hiding ancient staves
-@cindex hiding rhythmic staves
-
-@funindex \RemoveEmptyStaffContext
-@funindex RemoveEmptyStaffContext
-@funindex \AncientRemoveEmptyStaffContext
-@funindex AncientRemoveEmptyStaffContext
-@funindex \RemoveEmptyRhythmicStaffContext
-@funindex RemoveEmptyRhythmicStaffContext
-
-The @code{\AncientRemoveEmptyStaffContext} command may be used to
-hide empty staves in ancient music contexts. Similarly,
-@code{\RemoveEmptyRhythmicStaffContext} may be used to hide empty
-@code{RhythmicStaff} contexts.
-
-
-@predefined
-@code{\RemoveEmptyStaffContext},
-@code{\AncientRemoveEmptyStaffContext},
-@code{\RemoveEmptyRhythmicStaffContext}.
-@endpredefined
-
-
-@snippets
-
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
-{removing-the-first-empty-line.ly}
-
-
-@seealso
-Music Glossary:
-@rglos{Frenched staff}.
-
-Notation Reference:
-@ref{Staff symbol},
-@ref{Ossia staves}.
-
-Snippets:
-@rlsr{Staff notation}.
-
-Internals Reference:
-@rinternals{ChordNames},
-@rinternals{FiguredBass},
-@rinternals{Lyrics},
-@rinternals{Staff},
-@rinternals{VerticalAxisGroup},
-@rinternals{Staff_symbol_engraver}.
-
-
-@knownissues
-
-Removing @code{Staff_symbol_engraver} also hides bar lines. If
-bar line visibility is forced, formatting errors may occur. In
-this case, use the following overrides instead of removing the
-engraver:
-
-@example
-\override StaffSymbol #'stencil = ##f
-\override NoteHead #'no-ledgers = ##t
-@end example
-
-
-@node Writing parts
-@subsection Writing parts
-
-This section explains how to insert tempo indications and
-instrument names into a score. Methods to quote other voices and
-format cue notes are also described.
-
-@menu
-* Metronome marks::
-* Instrument names::
-* Quoting other voices::
-* Formatting cue notes::
-@end menu
-
-
-@node Metronome marks
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Metronome marks
-
-@cindex tempo
-@cindex beats per minute
-@cindex metronome marking
-@cindex metronome marking with text
-
-@funindex \tempo
-@funindex tempo
-
-A basic metronome mark is simple to write:
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
-\tempo 4 = 120
-c2 d
-e4. d8 c2
-@end lilypond
-
-Tempo indications with text can be used instead:
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\tempo "Allegretto"
-c4 e d c
-b4. a16 b c4 r4
-@end lilypond
-
-Combining a metronome mark and text will automatically place the
-metronome mark within parentheses:
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\tempo "Allegro" 4 = 160
-g4 c d e
-d4 b g2
-@end lilypond
-
-In general, the text can be any markup object:
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\tempo \markup { \italic Faster } 4 = 132
-a8-. r8 b-. r gis-. r a-. r
-@end lilypond
-
-A parenthesized metronome mark with no textual indication may be
-written by including an empty string in the input:
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\tempo "" 8 = 96
-d4 g e c
-@end lilypond
-
-
-@snippets
-
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
-{printing-metronome-and-rehearsal-marks-below-the-staff.ly}
-
-@c perhaps also an example of how to move it horizontally?
-
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
-{changing-the-tempo-without-a-metronome-mark.ly}
-
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
-{creating-metronome-marks-in-markup-mode.ly}
-
-For more details, see @ref{Formatting text}.
-
-
-@seealso
-Music Glossary:
-@rglos{metronome},
-@rglos{metronomic indication},
-@rglos{tempo indication},
-@rglos{metronome mark}.
-
-Notation Reference:
-@ref{Formatting text},
-@ref{MIDI output}.
-
-Snippets:
-@rlsr{Staff notation}.
-
-Internals Reference:
-@rinternals{MetronomeMark}.
-
-
-@node Instrument names
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Instrument names
-
-@cindex instrument names
-@cindex instrument names, short
-
-Instrument names can be printed on the left side of staves in the
-@code{Staff} and @code{PianoStaff} contexts. The value of
-@code{instrumentName} is used for the first staff, and the value
-of @code{shortInstrumentName} is used for all succeeding staves.
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,relative=1]
-\set Staff.instrumentName = #"Violin "
-\set Staff.shortInstrumentName = #"Vln "
-c4.. g'16 c4.. g'16
-\break
-c1
-@end lilypond
-
-Markup mode can be used to create more complicated instrument
-names:
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\set Staff.instrumentName = \markup {
- \column { "Clarinetti"
- \line { "in B" \smaller \flat } } }
-c4 c,16 d e f g2
-@end lilypond
-
-@cindex instrument names, centering
-
-When two or more staff contexts are grouped together, the
-instrument names and short instrument names are centered by
-default. To center multi-line instrument names,
-@code{\center-column} must be used:
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,indent=1.5\cm,relative=2]
-<<
- \new Staff {
- \set Staff.instrumentName = #"Flute"
- f2 g4 f
- }
- \new Staff {
- \set Staff.instrumentName = \markup \center-column {
- Clarinet
- \line { "in B" \smaller \flat }
- }
- c4 b c2
- }
->>
-@end lilypond
-
-@funindex indent
-@funindex short-indent
-
-However, if the instrument names are longer, the instrument names
-in a staff group may not be centered unless the @code{indent} and
-@code{short-indent} settings are increased. For details about
-these settings, see @ref{Horizontal dimensions}.
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
-\layout {
- indent = 3.0\cm
- short-indent = 1.5\cm
-}
-
-\relative c'' <<
- \new Staff {
- \set Staff.instrumentName = #"Alto Flute in G"
- \set Staff.shortInstrumentName = #"Fl."
- f2 g4 f \break
- g4 f g2
- }
- \new Staff {
- \set Staff.instrumentName = #"Clarinet"
- \set Staff.shortInstrumentName = #"Clar."
- c,4 b c2 \break
- c2 b4 c
- }
->>
-@end lilypond
-
-To add instrument names to other contexts (such as
-@code{GrandStaff}, @code{ChoirStaff}, or @code{StaffGroup}),
-@code{Instrument_name_engraver} must be added to that context.
-For details, see @ref{Modifying context plug-ins}.
-
-@cindex instrument names, changing
-@cindex changing instrument names
-
-Instrument names may be changed in the middle of a piece:
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,relative=1]
-\set Staff.instrumentName = #"First"
-\set Staff.shortInstrumentName = #"one"
-c1 c c c \break
-c1 c c c \break
-\set Staff.instrumentName = #"Second"
-\set Staff.shortInstrumentName = #"two"
-c1 c c c \break
-c1 c c c \break
-@end lilypond
-
-@cindex instrument switch
-@cindex switching instruments
-
-@funindex \addInstrumentDefinition
-@funindex addInstrumentDefinition
-@funindex \instrumentSwitch
-@funindex instrumentSwitch
-
-If an instrument @emph{switch} is needed,
-@code{\addInstrumentDefinition} may be used in combination with
-@code{\instrumentSwitch} to create a detailed list of the
-necessary changes for the switch. The
-@code{\addInstrumentDefinition} command has two arguments: an
-identifying string, and an association list of context properties
-and values to be used for the instrument. It must be placed in
-the toplevel scope. @code{\instrumentSwitch} is used in the music
-expression to declare the instrument switch:
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
-\addInstrumentDefinition #"contrabassoon"
- #`((instrumentTransposition . ,(ly:make-pitch -1 0 0))
- (shortInstrumentName . "Cbsn.")
- (clefGlyph . "clefs.F")
- (middleCPosition . 6)
- (clefPosition . 2)
- (instrumentCueName . ,(make-bold-markup "cbsn."))
- (midiInstrument . "bassoon"))
-
-\new Staff \with {
- instrumentName = #"Bassoon"
-}
-\relative c' {
- \clef tenor
- \compressFullBarRests
- c2 g'
- R1*16
- \instrumentSwitch "contrabassoon"
- c,,2 g \break
- c,1 ~ | c1
-}
-@end lilypond
-
-
-@seealso
-Notation Reference:
-@ref{Horizontal dimensions},
-@ref{Modifying context plug-ins}.
-
-Snippets:
-@rlsr{Staff notation}.
-
-Internals Reference:
-@rinternals{InstrumentName},
-@rinternals{PianoStaff},
-@rinternals{Staff}.
-
-
-@node Quoting other voices
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Quoting other voices
-
-@cindex cues
-@cindex quoting other voices
-@cindex fragments
-@cindex cue notes
-
-@funindex \addQuote
-@funindex addQuote
-@funindex \quoteDuring
-@funindex quoteDuring
-@funindex \transposition
-@funindex transposition
-
-It is very common for one voice to double some of the music from
-another voice. For example, the first and second violins may play the
-same notes during a passage of music. In LilyPond this is accomplished
-by letting one voice @emph{quote} the other voice without having to
-re-enter it.
-
-Before a part can be quoted, the @code{\addQuote} command must be used
-to initialize the quoted fragment. This command must be used in the
-toplevel scope. The first argument is an identifying string, and the
-second is a music expression:
-
-@example
-flute = \relative c'' @{
- a4 gis g gis
-@}
-\addQuote "flute" @{ \flute @}
-@end example
-
-The @code{\quoteDuring} command is used to indicate the point where the
-quotation begins. It is followed by two arguments: the name of the
-quoted voice, as defined with @code{\addQuote}, and a music expression
-that indicates the duration of the quote, usually spacer rests or
-multi-measure rests. The corresponding music from the quoted voice is
-inserted into the music expression:
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-flute = \relative c'' {
- a4 gis g gis
-}
-\addQuote "flute" { \flute }
-
-\relative c' {
- c4 cis \quoteDuring #"flute" { s2 }
-}
-@end lilypond
-
-If the music expression used for @code{\quoteDuring} contains
-anything but a spacer rest or multi-measure rest, a polyphonic
-situation is created, which is often not desirable:
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-flute = \relative c'' {
- a4 gis g gis
-}
-\addQuote "flute" { \flute }
-
-\relative c' {
- c4 cis \quoteDuring #"flute" { c4 b }
-}
-@end lilypond
-
-Quotations recognize instrument transposition settings for both
-the source and target instruments if the @code{\transposition}
-command is used. For details about @code{\transposition}, see
-@ref{Instrument transpositions}.
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-clarinet = \relative c'' {
- \transposition bes
- a4 gis g gis
-}
-\addQuote "clarinet" { \clarinet }
-
-\relative c' {
- c4 cis \quoteDuring #"clarinet" { s2 }
-}
-@end lilypond
-
-It is possible to tag quotations with unique names in order to
-process them in different ways. For details about this procedure,
-see @ref{Using tags}.
-
-
-@snippets
-
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
-{quoting-another-voice-with-transposition.ly}
-
-@cindex note-event
-@cindex articulation-event
-@cindex dynamic-event
-@cindex rest-event
-@funindex quotedEventTypes
-
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
-{quoting-another-voice.ly}
-
-
-@seealso
-Notation Reference:
-@ref{Instrument transpositions},
-@ref{Using tags}.
-
-Snippets:
-@rlsr{Staff notation}.
-
-Internals Reference:
-@rinternals{QuoteMusic},
-@rinternals{Voice}.
-
-
-@knownissues
-
-Only the contents of the first @code{Voice} occurring in an
-@code{\addQuote} command will be considered for quotation, so
-@var{music} cannot contain @code{\new} and @code{\context Voice}
-statements that would switch to a different Voice.
-
-Quoting grace notes is broken and can even cause LilyPond to
-crash.
-
-Quoting nested triplets may result in poor notation.
-
-In earlier versions of LilyPond (pre 2.11), @code{addQuote} was
-written entirely in lower-case letters: @code{\addquote}.
-
-
-@node Formatting cue notes
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Formatting cue notes
-
-@cindex cues
-@cindex cue notes
-@cindex cue notes, formatting
-@cindex fragments
-@cindex quoting other voices
-@cindex cues, formatting
-
-@funindex \cueDuring
-@funindex cueDuring
-
-The previous section explains how to create quotations. The
-@code{\cueDuring} command is a more specialized form of
-@code{\quoteDuring}, being particularly useful for inserting cue
-notes into a part. The syntax is as follows:
-
-@example
-\cueDuring #@var{partname} #@var{voice} @var{music}
-@end example
-
-This command copies the corresponding measures from @var{partname}
-into a @code{CueVoice} context. The @code{CueVoice} is created
-implicitly, and occurs simultaneously with @var{music}, which
-creates a polyphonic situation. The @var{voice} argument
-determines whether the cue notes should be notated as a first or
-second voice; @code{UP} corresponds to the first voice, and
-@code{DOWN} corresponds to the second.
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-oboe = \relative c'' {
- r2 r8 d16 f e g f a
- g8 g16 g g2.
-}
-\addQuote "oboe" { \oboe }
-
-\new Voice \relative c'' {
- \cueDuring #"oboe" #UP { R1 }
- g2 c,
-}
-@end lilypond
-
-@noindent
-In the above example, the @code{Voice} context had to be
-explicitly declared, or else the entire music expression would
-belong to the @code{CueVoice} context.
-
-The name of the cued instrument can be printed by setting the
-@code{instrumentCueName} property in the @code{CueVoice} context.
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-oboe = \relative c''' {
- g4 r8 e16 f e4 d
-}
-\addQuote "oboe" { \oboe }
-
-\new Staff \relative c'' <<
- \new CueVoice \with {
- instrumentCueName = "ob."
- }
- \new Voice {
- \cueDuring #"oboe" #UP { R1 }
- g4. b8 d2
- }
->>
-@end lilypond
-
-@cindex removing cues
-@cindex removing cue notes
-@cindex cue notes, removing
-
-@funindex \killCues
-@funindex killCues
-@funindex \transposedCueDuring
-@funindex transposedCueDuring
-
-In addition to printing the name of the cued instrument, when cue
-notes end, the name of the original instrument should be printed,
-and any other changes introduced by the cued part should be
-undone. This can be accomplished by using
-@code{\addInstrumentDefinition} and @code{\instrumentSwitch}. For
-an example and explanation, see @ref{Instrument names}.
-
-The @code{\killCues} command removes cue notes from a music
-expression. This can be useful if cue notes need to be removed
-from a part but may be restored at a later time.
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-flute = \relative c''' {
- r2 cis2 r2 dis2
-}
-\addQuote "flute" { \flute }
-
-\new Voice \relative c'' {
- \killCues {
- \cueDuring #"flute" #UP { R1 }
- g4. b8 d2
- }
-}
-@end lilypond
-
-The @code{\transposedCueDuring} command is useful for adding
-instrumental cues from a completely different register. The
-syntax is similar to @code{\cueDuring}, but it requires one extra
-argument to specify the transposition of the cued instrument. For
-more information about transposition, see
-@ref{Instrument transpositions}.
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-piccolo = \relative c''' {
- \clef "treble^8"
- R1
- c8 c c e g2
- a4 g g2
-}
-\addQuote "piccolo" { \piccolo }
-
-cbassoon = \relative c, {
- \clef "bass_8"
- c4 r g r
- \transposedCueDuring #"piccolo" #UP c,, { R1 }
- c4 r g r
-}
-
-<<
- \new Staff = "piccolo" \piccolo
- \new Staff = "cbassoon" \cbassoon
->>
-@end lilypond
-
-It is possible to tag cued parts with unique names in order to
-process them in different ways. For details about this procedure,
-see @ref{Using tags}.
-
-
-@seealso
-Notation Reference:
-@ref{Instrument transpositions},
-@ref{Instrument names},
-@ref{Using tags}.
-
-Snippets:
-@rlsr{Staff notation}.
-
-Internals Reference:
-@rinternals{CueVoice},
-@rinternals{Voice}.
-
-
-@knownissues
-
-Collisions can occur with rests, when using @code{\cueDuring},
-between @code{Voice} and @code{CueVoice} contexts.
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff