farther apart.
@funindex page-breaking-between-system-padding
-@item between-system-padding
-This variable, if set, tricks the page breaker into thinking that
+@item page-breaking-between-system-padding
+This variable tricks the page breaker into thinking that
@code{between-system-padding} is set to something different than it
really is. For example, if this variable is set to something substantially
larger than @code{between-system-padding}, then the page-breaker will put
@end table
@end quotation
+
+@commonprop
+
+The header and footer are created by the functions make-footer and
+make-header, defined in \paper. The default implementations are in
+ly/paper-defaults.ly and ly/titling-init.ly.
+
+The page layout itself is done by two functions in the \paper block,
+page-music-height and page-make-stencil. The former tells the
+line-breaking algorithm how much space can be spent on a page, the
+latter creates the actual page given the system to put on it.
+
+You can define paper block values in Scheme. In that case mm, in, pt,
+and cm are variables defined in paper-defaults.ly with values in
+millimeters. That is why the value 2 cm must be multiplied in the
+example
+
+@example
+\paper @{
+ #(define bottom-margin (* 2 cm))
+@}
+@end example
+
+
Example:
@example
@}
@end example
+This second example centers page numbers at the bottom of every page.
+
+@example
+\paper @{
+ print-page-number = ##t
+ print-first-page-number = ##t
+ oddHeaderMarkup = \markup \fill-line @{ " " @}
+ evenHeaderMarkup = \markup \fill-line @{ " " @}
+ oddFooterMarkup = \markup @{ \fill-line @{
+ \bold \fontsize #3 \on-the-fly #print-page-number-check-first
+ \fromproperty #'page:page-number-string @} @}
+ evenFooterMarkup = \markup @{ \fill-line @{
+ \bold \fontsize #3 \on-the-fly #print-page-number-check-first
+ \fromproperty #'page:page-number-string @} @}
+@}
+@end example
+
You can also define these values in Scheme. In that case @code{mm},
@code{in}, @code{pt}, and @code{cm} are variables defined in
@file{paper-defaults.ly} with values in millimeters. That is why the
@seealso
-This manual: @ref{Changing context default settings}
+This manual: @ref{Changing context default settings}.
@node Displaying spacing
* Page breaking::
* Optimal page breaking::
* Optimal page turning::
+* Minimal page breaking::
* Explicit breaks::
* Using an extra voice for breaks::
@end menu
Internals: @internalsref{LineBreakEvent}.
+A linebreaking configuration can be saved as a @code{.ly} file
+automatically. This allows vertical alignments to be stretched to
+fit pages in a second formatting run. This is fairly new and
+complicated. More details are available in
+@lsrdir{spacing}
@refbugs
c4 c2 c4
@end lilypond
-To allow line breaks on such bar lines, the
-@code{Forbid_line_break_engraver} can be removed from @code{Voice}
-context, like so
-
+This can be avoided by removing the @code{Forbid_line_break_engraver}
+and adding the line breaks in another voice:
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,relative=2,fragment,verbatim]
-\new Voice \with {
- \remove "Forbid_line_break_engraver"
-} {
- c4 c2 c2 \break % now the break is allowed
- c2 c4
-}
+@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
+\new Staff <<
+ \new Voice \with {
+ \remove Forbid_line_break_engraver
+ } {
+ c'4 c'2 c'2 c'2 c'4
+ }
+ \new Voice {
+ s1 \break s1
+ }
+>>
@end lilypond
-
@node Page breaking
@subsection Page breaking
from happening. Of course, the @code{\pageBreak} command also forces
a line break.
-Page breaks are computed by the @code{page-breaking} function.
-LilyPond provides two algorithms for computing page
-breaks, @code{ly:optimal-breaking} and @code{ly:page-turn-breaking}. The
-default is @code{ly:optimal-breaking}, but the value can be changed in
-the @code{\paper} block:
+The @code{\pageBreak} and @code{\noPageBreak} commands may also be
+inserted at top-level, between scores and top-level markups.
+
+Page breaks are computed by the @code{page-breaking} function. LilyPond
+provides three algorithms for computing page breaks,
+@code{ly:optimal-breaking}, @code{ly:page-turn-breaking} and
+@code{ly:minimal-breaking}. The default is @code{ly:optimal-breaking},
+but the value can be changed in the @code{\paper} block:
@example
\paper@{
the additional restriction that it is only allowed to introduce page turns
in specified places.
-There are two steps to using this page breaking function. First, you must
-enable it in the @code{\paper} block. Then, you must tell the function
-where you would like to allow page breaks.
+There are two steps to using this page breaking function. First, you
+must enable it in the @code{\paper} block, as explained in @ref{Page
+breaking}. Then you must tell the function where you would like to allow
+page breaks.
There are two ways to achieve the second step. First, you can specify each
potential page turn manually, by inserting @code{\allowPageTurn} into your
@code{minimumRepeatLengthForPageTurn} then the @code{Page_turn_engraver} will
only allow turns in repeats whose duration is longer than this value.
+The page turning commands, @code{\pageTurn}, @code{\noPageTurn} and
+@code{\allowPageTurn}, may also be used at top-level, between scores and
+top-level markups.
+
+@refcommands
+
+@funindex \pageTurn
+@code{\pageTurn}
+@funindex \noPageTurn
+@code{\noPageTurn}
+@funindex \allowPageTurn
+@code{\allowPageTurn}
+
@refbugs
There should only be one @code{Page_turn_engraver} in a score. If there is more
than one, they will interfere with each other.
+@node Minimal page breaking
+@subsection Minimal page breaking
+
+@funindex ly:minimal-breaking
+
+The @code{ly:minimal-breaking} function performs minimal computations to
+calculate the page breaking: it fills a page with as many systems as
+possible before moving to the next one. Thus, it may be prefered for
+scores with many pages, where the other page breaking functions could be
+too slow or memory demanding, or a lot of texts. It is enabled using:
+
+@example
+\paper @{
+ #(define page-breaking ly:minimal-breaking)
+@}
+@end example
@node Explicit breaks
@subsection Explicit breaks
you would override @code{keep-fixed-while-stretching} to @code{##t} in
the second piano staff:
-@example
+@lilypond[verbatim]
+#(set-default-paper-size "a6")
+#(set-global-staff-size 14.0)
+
+\book {
\paper {
ragged-last-bottom = ##f
}
+\score {
\new GrandStaff
<<
\new StaffGroup
\new Staff {c' d' e' f'}
>>
>>
-@end example
+}
+}
+@end lilypond
@seealso
@}
@end example
+When only a couple of flat systems are placed on a page, the resulting
+vertical spacing may be non-eleguant: one system at the top of the page,
+and the other at the bottom, with a huge gap between them. To avoid this
+situation, the space added between the systems can be limited. This
+feature is activated by setting to @code{#t} the
+@code{page-limit-inter-system-space} variable in the @code{\paper}
+block. The paper variable @code{page-limit-inter-system-space-factor}
+determines how much the space can be increased: for instance, the value
+@code{1.3} means that the space can be 30% larger than what it would be
+on a ragged-bottom page.
+
+In the following example, if the inter system space were not limited,
+the second system of page 1 would be placed at the page bottom. By
+activating the space limitation, the second system is placed closer to
+the first one. By setting @code{page-limit-inter-system-space-factor} to
+@code{1}, the spacing would the same as on a ragged-bottom page, like
+the last one.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim]
+#(set-default-paper-size "a6")
+\book {
+ \paper {
+ page-limit-inter-system-space = ##t
+ page-limit-inter-system-space-factor = 1.3
+
+ oddFooterMarkup = \markup "page bottom"
+ evenFooterMarkup = \markup "page bottom"
+ oddHeaderMarkup = \markup \fill-line {
+ "page top" \fromproperty #'page:page-number-string }
+ evenHeaderMarkup = \markup \fill-line {
+ "page top" \fromproperty #'page:page-number-string }
+ }
+ \new Staff << \repeat unfold 4 { g'4 g' g' g' \break }
+ { s1*2 \pageBreak } >>
+}
+@end lilypond
@node Explicit staff and system positioning
@subsection Explicit staff and system positioning
passed to these different settings will avoid this.
@end itemize
+
+@node Two-pass vertical spacing
+@subsection Two-pass vertical spacing
+
+Warning: two-pass vertical spacing is deprecated and will be removed in
+a future version of LilyPond. Systems are now stretched automatically
+in a single pass. See @ref{Vertical spacing inside a system}.
+
+In order to automatically stretch systems so that they should fill the
+space left on a page, a two-pass technique can be used:
+
+@enumerate
+@item In the first pass, the amount of vertical space used to increase
+the height of each system is computed and dumped to a file.
+@item In the second pass, spacing inside the systems are
+stretched according to the data in the page layout file.
+@end enumerate
+
+The @code{ragged-bottom} property adds space between systems, while
+the two-pass technique adds space between staves inside a system.
+
+To allow this behaviour, a @code{tweak-key} variable has to be set in
+each score @code{\layout} block, and the tweaks included in each score
+music, using the @code{\scoreTweak} music function.
+
+@quotation
+@verbatim
+%% include the generated page layout file:
+\includePageLayoutFile
+
+\score {
+ \new StaffGroup <<
+ \new Staff <<
+ %% Include this score tweaks:
+ \scoreTweak "scoreA"
+ { \clef french c''1 \break c''1 }
+ >>
+ \new Staff { \clef soprano g'1 g'1 }
+ \new Staff { \clef mezzosoprano e'1 e'1 }
+ \new Staff { \clef alto g1 g1 }
+ \new Staff { \clef bass c1 c1 }
+ >>
+ \header {
+ piece = "Score with tweaks"
+ }
+ %% Define how to name the tweaks for this score:
+ \layout { #(define tweak-key "scoreA") }
+}
+@end verbatim
+@end quotation
+
+For the first pass, the @code{dump-tweaks} option should be set to
+generate the page layout file.
+
+@example
+lilypond -dbackend=null -d dump-tweaks <file>.ly
+lilypond <file>.ly
+@end example
+
+
@node Vertical collision avoidance
@subsection Vertical collision avoidance
entire score or turned off for the entire score. We can, however,
override this behavior and turn on different spacing features at
different places in the score. We do this with the command
-@code{\newSpacingSection}. See @ref{New spacing area} for more info.
+@code{\newSpacingSection}. See @ref{New spacing area}, for more info.
Next we examine the effects of the @code{Separating_line_group_engraver} and
see why proportional scores frequently remove this engraver. The following
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff