@node Simultaneous notes
@section Simultaneous notes
+@lilypondfile[quote,ragged-right,line-width=16\cm,staffsize=16]
+{simultaneous-headword.ly}
+
Polyphony in music refers to having more than one voice occurring
in a piece of music. Polyphony in LilyPond refers to having more
than one voice on the same staff.
@subsection Single voice
@menu
-* Chords::
+* Chorded notes::
* Clusters::
@end menu
-@node Chords
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Chords
+@node Chorded notes
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Chorded notes
@cindex Chords
A chord is formed by a enclosing a set of pitches between @code{<}
and @code{>}. A chord may be followed by a duration, and a set of
-articulations, just like simple notes
+articulations, just like simple notes:
@lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,quote,relative=1]
<c e g>4 <c>8
For more information about chords, see @ref{Introducing chord
names}.
+@seealso
+
+Snippets: @lsrdir{simultaneous}
+
+@refbugs
+
+Music expressions like @code{<< @{ g8 e8 @} a4 >>} are not printed
+accurately. Use @code{<g a>8 <e a>8} instead.
+
+
@node Clusters
@unnumberedsubsubsec Clusters
@seealso
-Program reference: @internalsref{ClusterSpanner},
+Snippets: @lsrdir{simultaneous}
+
+Internals Reference: @internalsref{ClusterSpanner},
@internalsref{ClusterSpannerBeacon},
@internalsref{Cluster_spanner_engraver}.
Examples: @lsr{contemporary,cluster@/.ly}.
-@refbugs
-
-Music expressions like @code{<< @{ g8 e8 @} a4 >>} are not printed
-accurately. Use @code{<g a>8 <e a>8} instead.
-
@node Multiple voices
@subsection Multiple voices
@menu
-* Explicitly instantiating voices::
-* Collision Resolution::
+* Collision resolution::
* Automatic part combining::
* Writing music in parallel::
@end menu
-@node Explicitly instantiating voices
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Explicitly instantiating voices
-
-@internalsref{Voice} contexts can also be instantiated manually
-inside a @code{<< >>} block to create polyphonic music, using
-@code{\voiceOne}, up to @code{\voiceFour} to assign stem
-directions and a horizontal shift for each part.
-
-Specifically,
-@example
-<< \upper \\ \lower >>
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-is equivalent to
-
-@example
-<<
- \new Voice = "1" @{ \voiceOne \upper @}
- \new Voice = "2" @{ \voiceTwo \lower @}
->>
-@end example
-
-The @code{\voiceXXX} commands set the direction of stems, slurs,
-ties, articulations, text annotations, augmentation dots of dotted
-notes, and fingerings. @code{\voiceOne} and @code{\voiceThree}
-make these objects point upwards, while @code{\voiceTwo} and
-@code{\voiceFour} make them point downwards. The command
-@code{\oneVoice} will revert back to the normal setting.
-
-An expression that appears directly inside a @code{<< >>} belongs
-to the main voice. This is useful when extra voices appear while
-the main voice is playing. Here is a more correct rendition of
-the example from the previous section. The crossed colored
-noteheads demonstrate that the main melody is now in a single
-voice context.
-
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-\new Staff \relative c' {
- \override NoteHead #'style = #'cross
- \override NoteHead #'color = #red
- c16 d e f
- \voiceOne
- <<
- { g4 f e | d2 e2 }
- \new Voice="1" { \voiceTwo
- r8 e4 d c8 ~ | c8 b16 a b8 g ~ g2
- \oneVoice
- }
- \new Voice { \voiceThree
- s2. | s4 b4 c2
- \oneVoice
- }
- >>
- \oneVoice
-}
-@end lilypond
-
-The correct definition of the voices allows the melody to be
-slurred.
-
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-\new Staff \relative c' {
- c16^( d e f
- \voiceOne
- <<
- { g4 f e | d2 e2) }
- \context Voice="1" { \voiceTwo
- r8 e4 d c8 ~ | c8 b16 a b8 g ~ g2
- \oneVoice
- }
- \new Voice { \voiceThree
- s2. s4 b4 c2
- \oneVoice
- }
- >>
- \oneVoice
-}
-@end lilypond
-
-Avoiding the @code{\\} separator also allows nesting polyphony
-constructs, which in some case might be a more natural way to
-typeset the music.
-
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-\new Staff \relative c' {
- c16^( d e f
- \voiceOne
- <<
- { g4 f e | d2 e2) }
- \context Voice="1" { \voiceTwo
- r8 e4 d c8 ~ |
- <<
- {c8 b16 a b8 g ~ g2}
- \new Voice { \voiceThree
- s4 b4 c2
- \oneVoice
- }
- >>
- \oneVoice
- }
- >>
- \oneVoice
-}
-@end lilypond
-
-In some instances of complex polyphonic music, you may need
-additional voices to avoid collisions between notes. Additional
-voices are added by defining an identifier, as shown below:
+@node Collision resolution
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Collision resolution
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,relative=2]
-voiceFive = #(context-spec-music (make-voice-props-set 4) 'Voice)
-
-\relative c''' <<
- { \voiceOne g4 ~ \stemDown g32[ f( es d c b a b64 )g] } \\
- { \voiceThree b4} \\
- { \voiceFive d,} \\
- { \voiceTwo g,}
->>
-@end lilypond
-
-
-@node Collision Resolution
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Collision Resolution
+@cindex Merging noteheads
Normally, note heads with a different number of dots are not
merged, but when the object property
>>
@end lilypond
+In some instances of complex polyphonic music, you may need
+additional voices to avoid collisions between notes. Additional
+voices are added by defining an variable, as shown below:
+
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,relative=2]
+voiceFive = #(context-spec-music (make-voice-props-set 4) 'Voice)
+
+\relative c''' <<
+ { \voiceOne g4 ~ \stemDown g32[ f( es d c b a b64 )g] } \\
+ { \voiceThree b4} \\
+ { \voiceFive d,} \\
+ { \voiceTwo g,}
+>>
+@end lilypond
+
+
@refcommands
@funindex \voiceFour
@code{\voiceFour}.
+@funindex \voiceNeutralStyle
+@funindex \voiceOneStyle
+@funindex \voiceTwoStyle
+@funindex \voiceThreeStyle
+@funindex \voiceFourStyle
+@example
+\voiceNeutralStyle
+\voiceOneStyle
+\voiceTwoStyle
+\voiceThreeStyle
+\voiceFourStyle
+@end example
+
@funindex \shiftOn
@code{\shiftOn},
@funindex \shiftOnn
@seealso
-Program reference: the objects responsible for resolving
+Snippets: @lsrdir{simultaneous}
+
+Internals Reference: the objects responsible for resolving
collisions are @internalsref{NoteCollision} and
@internalsref{RestCollision}.
@seealso
-Program reference: @internalsref{PartCombineMusic}.
+Snippets: @lsrdir{simultaneous}
+
+Internals Reference: @internalsref{PartCombineMusic}.
@refbugs
}
@end lilypond
+@seealso
+Snippets: @lsrdir{simultaneous}
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff