version that you are working on. See TRANSLATION for details.
@end ignore
-@c \version "2.11.38"
+@c \version "2.11.51"
+
@node Simultaneous notes
@section Simultaneous notes
@menu
* Chorded notes::
-* Parallel notes::
* Clusters::
@end menu
+
@node Chorded notes
-@subsubsection Chorded notes
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Chorded notes
@cindex chords
@cindex brackets, angle
@code{<g a>8 <e a>8}.
@end ignore
-@node Parallel notes
-@subsubsection Parallel notes
-
-@ignore
-Pieces of music having the same rhythm form chords when
-combined in parallel into the same @code{Voice} context by enclosing
-them into double angle brackets:
-@end ignore
-
-Parallel pieces of music can be combined into a single
-@code{Voice} context, thus forming chords if they have the same
-rhythm. To achieve this, enclose them in a simultaneous music
-construction:
-
-@lilypond[quote,relative=2,verbatim]
-\new Voice <<
- { e4 f8 d e16 f g8 d4 }
- { c4 d8 b c16 d e8 b4 }
->>
-@end lilypond
-
-@seealso
-
-Learning Manual:
-@rlearning{Voices contain music}.
-
-Snippets:
-@rlsr{Simultaneous notes}.
-
-@knownissues
-
-This method leads to strange beamings and warnings if the pieces of
-music do not have the same rhythm.
@node Clusters
-@subsubsection Clusters
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Clusters
@cindex cluster
@funindex \makeClusters
themselves. Separate clusters would need a separating rest between
them.
+
@node Multiple voices
@subsection Multiple voices
multiple staves.
@menu
-* Collision resolution::
+* Single-staff polyphony::
* Voice styles::
+* Collision resolution::
* Automatic part combining::
* Writing music in parallel::
@end menu
+
+@node Single-staff polyphony
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Single-staff polyphony
+
+To typeset parallel pieces of music that have the same rhythm, they
+can be combined into a single @code{Voice} context, thus forming
+chords. To achieve this, enclose them in a simultaneous music
+construction:
+
+@lilypond[quote,relative=2,verbatim]
+\new Voice <<
+ { e4 f8 d e16 f g8 d4 }
+ { c4 d8 b c16 d e8 b4 }
+>>
+@end lilypond
+
+This method leads to strange beamings and warnings if the pieces of
+music do not have the same rhythm. To typeset multiple, truly
+independent voices in a single staff, the @code{<<@{...@} \\
+@{...@}>>} construction is used, where the two (or more) voices are
+separated by double backslashes.
+
+@lilypond[quote,relative=3,verbatim]
+<<
+ { r8 r16 g e8. f16 g8[ c,] f e16 d }
+ \\
+ { d16 c d8~ d16 b c8~ c16 b c8~ c16 b8. }
+>>
+@end lilypond
+
+First and third voices get stems up, second and fourth voices get
+stems down, third and fourth voice noteheads are horizontally shifted,
+and rests move to avoid collisions. In the following example, the
+intermediate voice has stems up, therefore we enter it in the third
+place, so it becomes voice three which has the stems up as desired.
+
+@lilypond[quote,relative=3,verbatim]
+<<
+ { r8 g g g g f16 es f8 d }
+ \\
+ { es,8 r es r d r d r }
+ \\
+ { d'8 s c s bes s a s }
+>>
+@end lilypond
+
+Spacing rests are often used to avoid too many rests, as seen in the
+example above.
+
+The method exposed creates two new voices when the @code{<<@{...@} \\
+@{...@}>>} construction is found in the code; to temporally add only
+one additional voice to an existing one, it is necessary to
+instantiate that voice explicitly. For these purposes, the
+@code{\voiceOne} ... @code{\voiceFour}, and @code{\oneVoice} commands
+can be used:
+
+@example
+<< @{ \voiceOne ... @} \new Voice @{ \voiceTwo ... @} >> \oneVoice
+@end example
+
+This is a better construction to keep the control of the voices, for
+example, to ease a consistent assign of lyrics to the proper voice
+context.
+
+@predefined
+
+@funindex \voiceOne
+@code{\voiceOne},
+@funindex \voiceTwo
+@code{\voiceTwo},
+@funindex \voiceThree
+@code{\voiceThree},
+@funindex \voiceFour
+@code{\voiceFour},
+@funindex \oneVoice
+@code{\oneVoice}.
+
+@seealso
+
+Learning Manual:
+@rlearning{Voices contain music},
+@rlearning{Explicitly instantiating voices}.
+
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Percussion staves}.
+
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Simultaneous notes}.
+
+
+@node Voice styles
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Voice styles
+
+@cindex voice styles
+@cindex styles, voice
+@cindex coloring voices
+
+Voices may be given distinct colors and shapes, allowing them to be
+easily identified:
+
+@lilypond[quote,relative=2,verbatim]
+<<
+ { \voiceOneStyle d4 c2 b4 }
+ \\
+ { \voiceTwoStyle e,2 e }
+ \\
+ { \voiceThreeStyle b2. c4 }
+ \\
+ { \voiceFourStyle g'2 g }
+>>
+@end lilypond
+
+To revert the standard presentation, the @code{\voiceNeutralstyle}
+command is used.
+
+@predefined
+
+@funindex \voiceOneStyle
+@code{\voiceOneStyle},
+@funindex \voiceTwoStyle
+@code{\voiceTwoStyle},
+@funindex \voiceThreeStyle
+@code{\voiceThreeStyle},
+@funindex \voiceFourStyle
+@code{\voiceFourStyle},
+@funindex \voiceNeutralStyle
+@code{\voiceNeutralStyle}.
+
+@seealso
+
+Learning Manual:
+@rlearning{I'm hearing Voices},
+@rlearning{Other sources of information}.
+
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Simultaneous notes}.
+
+
@node Collision resolution
-@subsubsection Collision resolution
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Collision resolution
@cindex merging notes
@cindex note collisions
Notes are only merged if they have opposing stem directions (i.e., in
@code{Voice} 1 and 2).
-
@cindex multiple voices
@cindex polyphonic music
@cindex shifting voices
@funindex \mergeDifferentlyHeadedOff
@code{\mergeDifferentlyHeadedOff}.
-@funindex \oneVoice
-@code{\oneVoice},
-@funindex \voiceOne
-@code{\voiceOne},
-@funindex \voiceTwo
-@code{\voiceTwo},
-@funindex \voiceThree
-@code{\voiceThree},
-@funindex \voiceFour
-@code{\voiceFour}.
-
-
@funindex \shiftOn
@code{\shiftOn},
@funindex \shiftOnn
@rinternals{NoteCollision},
@rinternals{RestCollision}.
-
@knownissues
When using @code{merge-differently-headed} with an upstem eighth
half note head symbol.
@c investigate! Sometimes it works, sometimes not. --FV
-It is not clear in which circumpstances you can succesfully merge
-different note heads that are at the same time differently dotted.
+The requirements for successfully merging different note heads that
+are at the same time differently dotted are not clear.
There is no support for chords where the same note occurs with
different accidentals in the same chord. In this case, it is
recommended to use enharmonic transcription, or to use special
cluster notation (see @ref{Clusters}).
-@node Voice styles
-@subsubsection Voice styles
-
-@cindex voice styles
-@cindex styles, voice
-@cindex coloring voices
-
-Voices may be given distinct colors and shapes, allowing them to be
-easily identified:
-
-@lilypond[quote,relative=2,verbatim]
-<<
- {
- a1
- \voiceOneStyle
- f2 g
- \voiceNeutralStyle
- a1
- } \\ {
- f1
- \voiceTwoStyle
- f4 f2 e4
- \voiceNeutralStyle
- f1
- }
->>
-@end lilypond
-
-@predefined
-
-@funindex \voiceOneStyle
-@code{\voiceOneStyle},
-@funindex \voiceTwoStyle
-@code{\voiceTwoStyle},
-@funindex \voiceThreeStyle
-@code{\voiceThreeStyle},
-@funindex \voiceFourStyle
-@code{\voiceFourStyle},
-@funindex \voiceNeutralStyle
-@code{\voiceNeutralStyle}.
-
-@seealso
-
-Lerning Manual:
-@rlearning{I'm hearing Voices}.
-
-Snippets:
-@rlsr{Simultaneous notes}.
@node Automatic part combining
-@subsubsection Automatic part combining
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Automatic part combining
@cindex automatic part combining
@cindex part combiner
@snippets
-Parts may be merged without printing text:
-
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
-\new Staff <<
- \set Staff.printPartCombineTexts = ##f
- \partcombine
- \relative g' { g a( b) r }
- \relative g' { g r4 r f }
->>
-@end lilypond
-
-The printed text may be changed:
-
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
-\new Staff <<
- \set Score.soloText = #"girl"
- \set Score.soloIIText = #"boy"
- \set Score.aDueText = #"together"
- \partcombine
- \relative g' { g4 g r r a2 g }
- \relative g' { r4 r a( b) a2 g }
->>
-@end lilypond
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+{combining-two-parts-on-the-same-staff.ly}
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+{changing-partcombine-texts.ly}
@seealso
Snippets:
@rlsr{Simultaneous notes}.
-
Internals Reference:
@rinternals{PartCombineMusic},
@rinternals{Voice}.
@c IIRC in users list someone pointed out more issues. TODO: lookup FV
+
@node Writing music in parallel
-@subsubsection Writing music in parallel
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Writing music in parallel
@cindex Writing music in parallel
@cindex Interleaved music
be of the same length.}
@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
-\parallelMusic #'(voiceA voiceB) {
+\parallelMusic #'(voiceA voiceB voiceC) {
% Bar 1
- r8 g'16[ c''] e''[ g' c'' e''] r8 g'16[ c''] e''[ g' c'' e''] |
- c'2 c'2 |
+ r8 g'16 c'' e'' g' c'' e'' r8 g'16 c'' e'' g' c'' e'' |
+ r16 e'8.~ e'4 r16 e'8.~ e'4 |
+ c'2 c'2 |
% Bar 2
- r8 a'16[ d''] f''[ a' d'' f''] r8 a'16[ d''] f''[ a' d'' f''] |
- c'2 c'2 |
+ r8 a'16 d'' f'' a' d'' f'' r8 a'16 d'' f'' a' d'' f'' |
+ r16 d'8.~ d'4 r16 d'8.~ d'4 |
+ c'2 c'2 |
+
}
\new StaffGroup <<
- \new Staff \voiceA
- \new Staff \voiceB
+ \new Staff << \voiceA \\ \voiceB >>
+ \new Staff { \clef bass \voiceC }
>>
@end lilypond
@code{voiceA} ignore the notes in @code{voiceB}.
@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
-\parallelMusic #'(voiceA voiceB) {
+\parallelMusic #'(voiceA voiceB voiceC) {
% Bar 1
r8 g16 c e g, c e r8 g,16 c e g, c e |
+ r16 e8.~ e4 r16 e8.~ e4 |
c2 c |
% Bar 2
r8 a,16 d f a, d f r8 a,16 d f a, d f |
+ r16 d8.~ d4 r16 d8.~ d4 |
c2 c |
+
}
\new StaffGroup <<
- \new Staff \relative c'' \voiceA
- \new Staff \relative c' \voiceB
+ \new Staff << \relative c'' \voiceA \\ \relative c' \voiceB >>
+ \new Staff \relative c' { \clef bass \voiceC }
>>
@end lilypond
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff