version that you are working on. See TRANSLATION for details.
@end ignore
+@c \version "2.11.38"
+
@node Simultaneous notes
@section Simultaneous notes
+@lilypondfile[quote]{simultaneous-headword.ly}
+
Polyphony in music refers to having more than one voice occurring
in a piece of music. Polyphony in LilyPond refers to having more
than one voice on the same staff.
@end menu
@node Chorded notes
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Chorded notes
+@subsubsection Chorded notes
-@cindex Chords
+@cindex chords
+@cindex brackets, angle
+@funindex <
+@funindex >
+@funindex <...>
-A chord is formed by a enclosing a set of pitches between @code{<}
-and @code{>}. A chord may be followed by a duration, and a set of
+A chord is formed by a enclosing a set of pitches between @code{<} and
+@code{>}. A chord may be followed by a duration and/or a set of
articulations, just like simple notes:
@lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,quote,relative=1]
-<c e g>4 <c>8
+<c e g>1 <c e g>->
@end lilypond
-For more information about chords, see @ref{Introducing chord
-names}.
+For more information about chords, see @ref{Modern chords}.
+
+@seealso
+
+Music Glossary:
+@rglos{chord}.
+
+Learning Manual:
+@rlearning{Combining notes into chords}.
-@refbugs
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Modern chords}.
+
+Snippets:
+@lsrdir{Simultaneous,Simultaneous-notes}.
+
+@knownissues
Music expressions like @code{<< @{ g8 e8 @} a4 >>} are not printed
accurately. Use @code{<g a>8 <e a>8} instead.
-
@node Clusters
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Clusters
+@subsubsection Clusters
@cindex cluster
+@funindex \makeClusters
-A cluster indicates a continuous range of pitches to be played.
-They can be denoted as the envelope of a set of notes. They are
-entered by applying the function @code{makeClusters} to a sequence
-of chords, e.g.,
+A cluster indicates a continuous range of pitches to be played. They
+can be denoted as the envelope of a set of notes. They are entered by
+applying the function @code{\makeClusters} to a sequence of chords,
+e.g.,
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,relative=2,fragment,verbatim]
-\makeClusters { <c e > <b f'> }
+\makeClusters { <g b>2 <c g'> }
@end lilypond
Ordinary notes and clusters can be put together in the same staff,
even simultaneously. In such a case no attempt is made to
-automatically avoid collisions between ordinary notes and
-clusters.
+automatically avoid collisions between ordinary notes and clusters.
@seealso
-Internals Reference: @internalsref{ClusterSpanner},
+Music Glossary:
+@rglos{cluster}.
+
+Snippets:
+@lsrdir{Simultaneous,Simultaneous-notes}.
+
+Internals Reference:
+@internalsref{ClusterSpanner},
@internalsref{ClusterSpannerBeacon},
@internalsref{Cluster_spanner_engraver}.
-Examples: @lsr{contemporary,cluster@/.ly}.
+@c Examples: @lsr{contemporary,cluster@/.ly}.
+@knownissues
+Clusters only look good if they span at least two chords; otherwise
+they appear too narrow.
+
+Clusters do not have a stem and can not indicate durations by
+themselves. Separate clusters would need a separating rest between
+them.
@node Multiple voices
@subsection Multiple voices
@end menu
@node Collision resolution
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Collision resolution
+@subsubsection Collision resolution
+
+@cindex merging notes
+@cindex note collisions
Normally, note heads with a different number of dots are not
merged, but when the object property
@noindent
@code{merge-differently-headed} and
@code{merge-differently-dotted} only apply to opposing stem
-directions (ie. Voice 1 & 2).
+directions (i.e. Voice 1 & 2).
LilyPond also vertically shifts rests that are opposite of a stem,
for example
\new Voice << c''4 \\ r4 >>
@end lilypond
+@cindex shift note
+
If three or more notes line up in the same column,
@code{merge-differently-headed} cannot successfully complete the
merge of the two notes that should be merged. To allow the merge
>>
@end lilypond
+@cindex multiple voices
+@cindex polyphonic music
+@cindex shifting voices
+
In some instances of complex polyphonic music, you may need
additional voices to avoid collisions between notes. Additional
voices are added by defining an variable, as shown below:
-@refcommands
+@predefined
@funindex \oneVoice
@code{\oneVoice},
@funindex \voiceFour
@code{\voiceFour}.
+@funindex \voiceNeutralStyle
+@funindex \voiceOneStyle
+@funindex \voiceTwoStyle
+@funindex \voiceThreeStyle
+@funindex \voiceFourStyle
+@example
+\voiceNeutralStyle
+\voiceOneStyle
+\voiceTwoStyle
+\voiceThreeStyle
+\voiceFourStyle
+@end example
+
@funindex \shiftOn
@code{\shiftOn},
@funindex \shiftOnn
@seealso
-Internals Reference: the objects responsible for resolving
-collisions are @internalsref{NoteCollision} and
+Snippets:
+@lsrdir{Simultaneous,Simultaneous-notes}.
+
+Internals Reference: the objects responsible for resolving collisions
+are
+@internalsref{NoteCollision} and
@internalsref{RestCollision}.
-@refbugs
+@knownissues
When using @code{merge-differently-headed} with an upstem eighth
or a shorter note, and a downstem half note, the eighth note gets
@node Automatic part combining
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Automatic part combining
+@subsubsection Automatic part combining
@cindex automatic part combining
@cindex part combiner
+@cindex combining parts
Automatic part combining is used to merge two parts of music onto
a staff. It is aimed at typesetting orchestral scores. When the
The following example demonstrates the basic functionality of the
part combiner: putting parts on one staff, and setting stem
-directions and polyphony
+directions and polyphony.
@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,fragment]
\new Staff \partcombine
down stems and @q{Solo II}.
If you just want the merging parts, and not the textual markings,
-you may set the property @code{printPartCombineTexts} to false
+you may set the property @code{printPartCombineTexts} to false.
@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
\new Staff <<
@seealso
-Internals Reference: @internalsref{PartCombineMusic}.
+Music Glossary:
+@rglos{a due}.
+
+Snippets:
+@lsrdir{Simultaneous,Simultaneous-notes}.
-@refbugs
+Internals Reference:
+@internalsref{PartCombineMusic},
+@internalsref{Voice}.
-When @code{printPartCombineTexts} is set, when the two voices play
+@knownissues
+
+When @code{printPartCombineTexts} is set, if the two voices play
the same notes on and off, the part combiner may typeset @code{a2}
more than once in a measure.
@node Writing music in parallel
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Writing music in parallel
+@subsubsection Writing music in parallel
@cindex Writing music in parallel
@cindex Interleaved music
-Music for multiple parts can be interleaved
+Music for multiple parts can be interleaved:
@lilypond[quote,fragment,verbatim]
\parallelMusic #'(voiceA voiceB) {
>>
@end lilypond
-This works quite well for piano music
+This works quite well for piano music.
@c It would be nice if the first bar fit onto one 66-char line.
@c Maybe simplify the example? -gp
}
@end lilypond
+@seealso
+Snippets:
+@lsrdir{Simultaneous,Simultaneous-notes}.
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff