@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=2]
\time 8/1
c\longa c\breve c1 c2
-c4 c8 c16 c32 c64 c64
+c4 c8 c16 c32 c64 c128 c128
@end lilypond
@noindent
\time 8/1
\autoBeamOff
c\longa c\breve c1 c2
-c4 c8 c16 c32 c64 c64
+c4 c8 c16 c32 c64 c128 c128
@end lilypond
A note with the duration of a quadruple breve may be entered with
@code{\maxima}, but this is supported only within ancient music
notation. For details, see @ref{Ancient notation}.
+@cindex duration, default
+@cindex default note duration
+@cindex note duration, default
+
If the duration is omitted, it is set to the previously
entered duration. The default for the first note is a quarter
note.
@funindex dotsNeutral
Dots are normally moved up to avoid staff lines, except in
-polyphonic situations. Predefined commands are available to
-force a particular direction manually, for details
-see @ref{Direction and placement}.
+polyphonic situations. Dots may be manually placed above or below
+the staff; see @ref{Direction and placement}.
@predefined
+@code{\autoBeamOn},
@code{\autoBeamOff},
@code{\dotsUp},
@code{\dotsDown},
c4 c \times 2/3 { b4 a g }
@end lilypond
+@cindex tuplet bracket placement
+
@funindex \tupletUp
@funindex tupletUp
@funindex \tupletDown
@funindex \tupletNeutral
@funindex tupletNeutral
-The automatic placement of the tuplet bracket above or below the
-notes may be overridden manually with predefined commands, for
-details see @ref{Direction and placement}.
+Tuplet brackets may be manually placed above or below the staff;
+see @ref{Direction and placement}.
Tuplets may be nested:
@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
{entering-several-tuplets-using-only-one--times-command.ly}
+@cindex Tuplet number changes
+
@funindex TupletNumber
@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
@rinternals{TupletNumber},
@rinternals{TimeScaledMusic}.
+@cindex grace notes within tuplet brackets
@knownissues
-@cindex grace notes within tuplet brackets
When the first note on a staff is a grace note followed by a
tuplet the grace note must be placed before the @code{\times}
command to avoid errors. Anywhere else, grace notes may be
@code{s1*23}.
@cindex compressing music
+@cindex expanding music
@funindex \scaleDurations
@funindex scaleDurations
musical phrasing. A tie is just a way of extending a note
duration, similar to the augmentation dot.}
-A tie is entered using the tilde symbol @code{~}
+A tie is entered using the tilde symbol (@code{~}).
@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=2]
a2 ~ a
@funindex \tieNeutral
@funindex tieNeutral
-The vertical placement of ties may be controlled, see
-Predefined commands, or for details, see
+Ties may be manually placed above or below the staff; see
@ref{Direction and placement}.
@cindex ties, appearance
@funindex \tieSolid
@funindex tieSolid
-Solid, dotted or dashed ties may be specified, see Predefined
-commands.
+Ties may be made dashed, dotted, or a combination of solid and
+dashed.
+
+@lilypond[quote, verbatim, relative=1]
+\tieDotted
+c2 ~ c
+\tieDashed
+c2 ~ c
+\tieHalfDashed
+c2 ~ c
+\tieHalfSolid
+c2 ~ c
+\tieSolid
+c2 ~ c
+@end lilypond
+
+Custom dash patterns can be specified:
+
+@lilypond[quote, verbatim, relative=1]
+\tieDashPattern #0.3 #0.75
+c2 ~ c
+\tieDashPattern #0.7 #1.5
+c2 ~ c
+\tieSolid
+c2 ~ c
+@end lilypond
+Dash pattern definitions for ties have the same structure as
+dash pattern definitions for slurs.
+For more information about complex dash patterns,
+see the snippets under @ref{Slurs}.
@predefined
@code{\tieUp},
@code{\tieNeutral},
@code{\tieDotted},
@code{\tieDashed},
+@code{\tieDashPattern},
+@code{\tieHalfDashed},
+@code{\tieHalfSolid},
@code{\tieSolid}.
@endpredefined
@rglos{tie},
@rglos{laissez vibrer}.
-Notation Reference: @ref{Automatic note splitting}.
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Slurs},
+@ref{Automatic note splitting}.
Snippets:
@rlsr{Rhythms}.
@node Rests
@unnumberedsubsubsec Rests
+
@cindex rest
@cindex rest, entering durations
@cindex maxima rest
@cindex multi-measure rest, script
@cindex fermata on multi-measure rest
@cindex multi-measure rest, attaching fermata
+@cindex markup on multi-measure rest
+@cindex multi-measure rest with markup
@funindex \fermataMarkup
@funindex fermataMarkup
+@funindex MultiMeasureRestText
Markups can be added to multi-measure rests.
The predefined command @code{\fermataMarkup}
setting, resulting bar-check warnings may not be displayed.
+@funindex \textLengthOn
+@funindex textLengthOn
+@funindex \textLengthOff
+@funindex textLenthOff
+@funindex \fermataMarkup
+@funindex fermataMarkup
+@funindex \compressFullBarRests
+@funindex compressFullBarRests
+@funindex \expandFullBarRests
+@funindex expandFullBarRests
+
@predefined
@code{\textLengthOn},
@code{\textLengthOff},
@cindex kirchenpausen
@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
-{changing-form-of-multi--measure-rests.ly}
+{changing-form-of-multi-measure-rests.ly}
@cindex multi-measure rests, positioning
@cindex positioning multi-measure rests
@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
-{positioning-multi--measure-rests.ly}
+{positioning-multi-measure-rests.ly}
@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
-{multi--measure-rest-markup.ly}
+{multi-measure-rest-markup.ly}
@seealso
@cindex measure, partial
@cindex pickup measure
@cindex measure, change length
-@cindex measurePosition
+@funindex measurePosition
@funindex \partial
@funindex partial
@rlsr{Rhythms}.
+@cindex cadenza line breaks
+@cindex cadenza page breaks
+@cindex unmetered music, line breaks
+@cindex unmetered music, page breaks
+@cindex breaks in unmetered music
+@cindex line breaks in cadenzas
+@cindex page breaks in cadenzas
+@cindex line breaks in unmetered music
+@cindex page breaks in unmetered music
+
@knownissues
LilyPond will insert line breaks and page breaks only at a
c16 c8
@end lilypond
+@cindex melismata, beams
+@cindex beams and melismata
+
@warning{If beams are used to indicate melismata in songs, then
automatic beaming should be switched off with @code{\autoBeamOff}
and the beams indicated manually.}
@knownissues
-Automatically kneed cross-staff beams cannot be used together with
-hidden staves. See @ref{Hiding staves}.
-
Beams can collide with note heads and accidentals in other voices
If there are no beam-ending rules defined for the beam duration of a
particular beam in the time signature in use, its beaming is
-controlled by three context properties:
-@code{measureLength}, @code{beatLength} and @code{beatGrouping}.
-These properties may be set in the @code{Score}, @code{Staff} or
-@code{Voice} contexts to delimit their scope. The default values
-are set while processing @code{\time} commands, so any @code{\set}
-commands to modify their value must be placed after all @code{\time}
-commands.
+controlled by three context properties: @code{measureLength},
+@code{beatLength} and @code{beatGrouping}. These properties may be
+set in the @code{Score}, @code{Staff} or @code{Voice} contexts to
+delimit their scope. The default values are set while processing
+@code{\time} commands, so any @code{\set} commands to modify their
+value must be placed after all @code{\time} commands.
@warning{These three properties become effective for a particular
beam @strong{only} if there are no beam-ending rules predefined for
@cindex grouping beats
@cindex measure sub-grouping
+@funindex autoBeamSettings
+
@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
{conducting-signs,-measure-grouping-signs.ly}
only @code{end} is effective.
@item @code{beam-numerator/beam-denominator} is the beam duration
-to which the rule is to apply. A beam is considered to have
-the duration of its shortest note. Set @code{beam-numerator}
-and @code{beam-denominator} to @code{'*'} to have this rule apply
-to beams of any duration.
+to which the rule is to apply. A beam is considered to have the
+duration of its shortest note. Set @code{beam-numerator} and
+@code{beam-denominator} to @code{'*'} to have this rule apply to beams
+of any duration.
@item @code{time-signature-numerator/time-signature-denominator}
-specifies the time signature to which this rule should apply.
-If @code{time-signature-numerator} and
-@code{time-signature-denominator} are set to @code{'*'} this rule
-will apply in any time signature.
+specifies the time signature to which this rule should apply. If
+@code{time-signature-numerator} and @code{time-signature-denominator}
+are set to @code{'*'} this rule will apply in any time signature.
-@item @code{monent-numerator/moment-denominator} is the position
+@item @code{moment-numerator/moment-denominator} is the position
in the bar at which the beam should end.
+@funindex score-override-auto-beam-setting
+@funindex override-auto-beam-setting
+
@item @code{context} is optional, and it specifies the context at which
the change should be made. The default is @code{'Voice}.
possible interference, because the beam endings defined there will
still apply in addition to your own.}
+@funindex revert-auto-beam-setting
+
Any unwanted or conflicting default endings must be reverted for
your time signature(s). Existing default or user-defined
beam-ending rules are removed by using
@unnumberedsubsubsec Feathered beams
@cindex beams, feathered
+@cindex feathered beams
@funindex \featherDurations
@funindex featherDurations
@code{]}, and the beam feathering is turned on by specifying a
direction to the @code{Beam} property @code{grow-direction}.
-If the placement of the notes and the sound in the MIDI output
-is to reflect the ritardando or accelerando indicated by the
-feathered beam the notes must be grouped as a
-music expression delimited by braces and preceded by a
-@code{featheredDurations} command which specifies the ratio
-between the durations of the first and last notes in the group.
+If the placement of the notes and the sound in the MIDI output is to
+reflect the ritardando or accelerando indicated by the feathered beam
+the notes must be grouped as a music expression delimited by braces
+and preceded by a @code{featherDurations} command which specifies
+the ratio between the durations of the first and last notes in the
+group.
The square brackets show the extent of the beam and the braces show
which notes are to have their durations modified. Normally these
@cindex bar lines
@cindex measure lines
+@cindex closing bar lines
+@cindex bar lines, closing
+@cindex double bar lines
+@cindex bar lines, double
@cindex repeat bars
@funindex \bar
@end lilypond
+@cindex default bar lines, changing
+@cindex bar lines, default, changing
+
@snippets
@funindex whichBar
@cindex bar numbers, regular spacing
@funindex barNumberVisibility
+@funindex BarNumber
Bar numbers can be typeset at regular intervals instead of just at
the beginning of every line. To do this the default behavior
@funindex \barNumberCheck
@funindex barNumberCheck
-When copying large pieces of music, it can be helpful to check
-that the LilyPond bar number corresponds to the original that you
-are entering from. This can be checked with
-@code{\barNumberCheck}, for example,
+When copying large pieces of music, it can be helpful to check that
+the LilyPond bar number corresponds to the original that you are
+entering from. This can be checked with @code{\barNumberCheck}, for
+example,
@verbatim
\barNumberCheck #123
@cindex rehearsal mark, manual
@cindex mark, rehearsal, manual
@cindex custom rehearsal mark
+@cindex manual rehearsal mark
The style is defined by the property @code{markFormatter}. It is
a function taking the current mark (an integer) and the current
@cindex segno
@cindex coda
-@cindex D.S al Fine
+@cindex D.S. al Fine
@cindex fermata
@cindex music glyphs
@cindex glyphs, music
\grace { c16[ d16] } c2
@end lilypond
-Lilypond also supports two special types of grace notes, the
+LilyPond also supports two special types of grace notes, the
@emph{acciaccatura}--an unmeasured grace note indicated by a slurred
small note with a slashed stem--and the @emph{appoggiatura}, which
takes a fixed fraction of the main note and appears in small print
}
@end lilypond
+@cindex tweaking grace notes
+@cindex grace notes, tweaking
+@cindex grace notes, changing layout settings
+
A @code{\grace} music expression will introduce special
typesetting settings, for example, to produce smaller type, and
set directions. Hence, when introducing layout tweaks to
override the special settings, they should be placed inside
the grace expression. The overrides should also be reverted
inside the grace expression. Here, the grace note's default stem
-direction is overriden and then reverted.
+direction is overridden and then reverted.
@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=2]
\new Voice {
@knownissues
+@cindex acciaccatura, multi-note
+@cindex multi-note acciaccatura
+@cindex grace-note synchronization
+
A multi-note beamed @i{acciaccatura} is printed without a slash,
and looks exactly the same as a multi-note beamed
@i{appoggiatura}.
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff