version that you are working on. See TRANSLATION for details.
@end ignore
-@c \version "2.11.61"
+@c \version "2.12.0"
@node Rhythms
@section Rhythms
and a half note is entered using a @code{2} (since it is a 1/2
note). For notes longer than a whole you must use the
@code{\longa} (a double breve) and @code{\breve} commands.
-Durations as short as 64th notes may be specified. Shorter values
+Durations as short as 128th notes may be specified. Shorter values
are possible, but only as beamed notes.
@c Two 64th notes are needed to obtain beams
force a particular direction manually, for details
see @ref{Direction and placement}.
-@predefined
+@predefined
@code{\autoBeamOff},
@code{\dotsUp},
@code{\dotsDown},
@code{\dotsNeutral}.
+@endpredefined
@seealso
-
Music Glossary:
@rglos{breve},
@rglos{longa},
To modify the duration of notes without printing a tuplet bracket,
see @ref{Scaling durations}.
-@predefined
+@predefined
@code{\tupletUp},
@code{\tupletDown},
@code{\tupletNeutral}.
+@endpredefined
@snippets
@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
{permitting-line-breaks-within-beamed-tuplets.ly}
-@seealso
+@seealso
Music Glossary:
@rglos{triplet},
@rglos{tuplet},
@rinternals{TupletNumber},
@rinternals{TimeScaledMusic}.
+
@knownissues
@cindex grace notes within tuplet brackets
When the first note on a staff is a grace note followed by a
@seealso
-
Notation Reference:
@ref{Tuplets},
@ref{Invisible rests},
@predefined
-
@code{\tieUp},
@code{\tieDown},
@code{\tieNeutral},
@code{\tieDotted},
@code{\tieDashed},
@code{\tieSolid}.
+@endpredefined
@snippets
@seealso
-
Music Glossary:
@rglos{tie},
@rglos{laissez vibrer}.
@seealso
-
Notation Reference:
@ref{Full measure rests}.
\skip 1 \skip1 \skip 1
@end lilypond
-@seealso
+@seealso
Snippets:
@rlsr{Rhythms}.
When a multi-measure rest immediately follows a @code{\partial}
setting, resulting bar-check warnings may not be displayed.
+
@predefined
@code{\textLengthOn},
@code{\textLengthOff},
@code{\fermataMarkup},
@code{\compressFullBarRests},
@code{\expandFullBarRests}.
+@endpredefined
+
@snippets
@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
{multi--measure-rest-markup.ly}
-@seealso
+@seealso
Music Glossary:
@rglos{multi-measure rest}.
Mensural time signatures are covered in
@ref{Mensural time signatures}.
-@predefined
+@predefined
@code{\numericTimeSignature},
@code{\defaultTimeSignature}.
+@endpredefined
-@snippets
-@c TODO Replace by snippet called "Changing the time signature without affecting the beaming"
-@c Submitted to LSR 2 Nov 08
-
-The @code{\time} command sets the properties
-@code{timeSignatureFraction}, @code{beatLength}, @code{beatGrouping}
-and @code{measureLength} in the @code{Timing} context, which is
-normally aliased to @code{Score}. Changing the value of
-@code{timeSignatureFraction} causes the new time signature symbol
-to be printed without changing any of the other properties:
+@snippets
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=2]
-\time 3/4
-a16 a a a a a a a a a a a
-% Change time signature symbol but keep 3/4 beaming
-% due to unchanged underlying time signature
-\set Score.timeSignatureFraction = #'(12 . 16)
-a16 a a a a a a a a a a a
-\time 12/16
-% Lose 3/4 beaming now \time has been changed
-a16 a a a a a a a a a a a
-@end lilypond
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
+{changing-the-time-signature-without-affecting-the-beaming.ly}
@cindex compound time signatures
@cindex time signature, compound
@seealso
-
Music Glossary:
@rglos{time signature}
command: i.e., @code{\partial 4} is internally translated to
@code{-4}, meaning @qq{there is a quarter note left in the measure.}
-@seealso
+@seealso
Music Glossary:
@rglos{anacrusis}.
Internal Reference:
@rinternals{Timing_translator}.
+
@knownissues
The @code{\partial} command is intended to be used only at the
d4 e d c
@end lilypond
-@predefined
+@predefined
@code{\cadenzaOn},
@code{\cadenzaOff}.
+@endpredefined
-@seealso
+@seealso
Music Glossary:
@rglos{cadenza}.
Snippets:
@rlsr{Rhythms}.
+
@knownissues
LilyPond will insert line breaks and page breaks only at a
@seealso
-
Music Glossary:
@rglos{polymetric},
@rglos{polymetric time signature},
@rinternals{Default_bar_line_engraver},
@rinternals{Staff}.
+
@knownissues
When using different time signatures in parallel, notes
measures are not entirely filled, then the ties show exactly how
much each measure is off.
-@seealso
+@seealso
Music Glossary: @rglos{tie}
Learning Manual:
>>
@end lilypond
+
@predefined
@code{\improvisationOn},
@code{\improvisationOff}.
+@endpredefined
+
@snippets
@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
{guitar-strum-rhythms.ly}
-@seealso
+@seealso
Snippets:
@rlsr{Rhythms}.
@rinternals{RhythmicStaff},
@rinternals{Pitch_squash_engraver}.
+
@node Beams
@subsection Beams
c16 c8
@end lilypond
+
@predefined
@code{\autoBeamOff},
@code{\autoBeamOn}.
+@endpredefined
+
@snippets
@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
{changing-beam-knee-gap.ly}
-@seealso
+@seealso
Notation Reference:
@ref{Manual beams},
@ref{Setting automatic beam behavior}.
controlled by three context properties:
@code{measureLength}, @code{beatLength} and @code{beatGrouping}.
These properties may be set in the @code{Score}, @code{Staff} or
-@code{Voice} contexts to delimit their scope.
+@code{Voice} contexts to delimit their scope. The default values
+are set while processing @code{\time} commands, so the @code{\set}
+commands must be placed after all @code{\time} commands.
These determine the beaming as follows:
@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
{specifying-context-with-beatgrouping.ly}
-
-@c Added to input/new 3 Nov 08
-@c TODO When available, change to:
-@ignore
@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
{using-beatlength-and-beatgrouping.ly}
-@end ignore
-
-@c start new snippet
-The property @code{measureLength} determines where bar lines
-should be inserted and, with @code{beatLength} and
-@code{beatGrouping}, how automatic beams should be generated
-for beam durations and time signatures for which no beam-ending
-rules are defined. This example shows several ways of controlling
-beaming by setting these properties. The explanations are shown
-as comments in the code.
-
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=2]
-\time 3/4
-% The default in 3/4 time is to beam in three groups
-% each of a quarter note length
-a16 a a a a a a a a a a a
-
-\time 12/16
-% No auto-beaming is defined for 12/16
-a16 a a a a a a a a a a a
-
-\time 3/4
-a16 a a a a a a a a a a a
-% Change time signature symbol, but retain underlying 3/4 beaming
-\set Score.timeSignatureFraction = #'(12 . 16)
-a16 a a a a a a a a a a a
-
-% The 3/4 time default grouping of (1 1 1) and beatLength of 1/8
-% are not consistent with a measureLength of 3/4, so the beams
-% are grouped at beatLength intervals
-\set Score.beatLength = #(ly:make-moment 1 8)
-a16 a a a a a a a a a a a
-
-% Specify beams in groups of (3 3 2 3) 1/16th notes
-% 3+3+2+3=11, and 11*1/16<>3/4, so beatGrouping does not apply,
-% and beams are grouped at beatLength (1/16) intervals
-\set Score.beatLength = #(ly:make-moment 1 16)
-\set Score.beatGrouping = #'(3 3 2 3)
-a16 a a a a a a a a a a a
-
-% Specify beams in groups of (3 4 2 3) 1/16th notes
-% 3+4+2+3=12, and 12*1/16=3/4, so beatGrouping applies
-\set Score.beatLength = #(ly:make-moment 1 16)
-\set Score.beatGrouping = #'(3 4 2 3)
-a16 a a a a a a a a a a a
-@end lilypond
-@c End of snippet
@funindex subdivideBeams
@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
{reverting-default-beam-endings.ly}
-@c TODO Convert to snippet called "Beam endings in Score context"
-@c Submitted to LSR 3 Nov 08
-
-Beam-ending rules specified in the Score context apply to all
-staves, but can be modified at both Staff and Voice levels:
-
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=2]
- \time 5/4
- % Set default beaming for all staves
- #(override-auto-beam-setting '(end * * 5 4) 3 8 'Score)
- #(override-auto-beam-setting '(end * * 5 4) 7 8 'Score)
- <<
- \new Staff {
- c8 c c c c c c c c c
- }
- \new Staff {
- % Modify beaming for just this staff
- #(override-auto-beam-setting '(end * * 5 4) 6 8 'Staff)
- #(revert-auto-beam-setting '(end * * 5 4) 7 8 'Staff)
- c8 c c c c c c c c c
- }
- \new Staff {
- % Inherit beaming from Score context
- c8 c c c c c c c c c
- }
- >>
-@end lilypond
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
+{beam-endings-in-score-context.ly}
@predefined
-
@funindex \autoBeamOff
@code{\autoBeamOff},
@funindex \autoBeamOn
@code{\autoBeamOn}.
+@endpredefined
@knownissues
@dots{} \\ @dots{} >>}. If a polyphonic voice ends while an
automatic beam is still accepting notes, it is not typeset.
-@seealso
+@seealso
Snippets:
@rlsr{Rhythms}.
The @code{\featherDurations} command only works with very short
music snippets, and when numbers in the fraction are small.
-@seealso
+@seealso
Snippets:
@rlsr{Rhythms}.
-
@node Bars
@subsection Bars
In scores with many staves, a @code{\bar} command in one staff is
automatically applied to all staves. The resulting bar lines are
connected between different staves of a @code{StaffGroup},
-@code{InnerStaffGroup}, @code{PianoStaff}, or @code{GrandStaff}.
+@code{PianoStaff}, or @code{GrandStaff}.
@lilypond[quote,fragment,verbatim]
<<
@code{"|"}. This may be changed at any time
with @code{\set Timing.defaultBarType = }@var{bartype}.
-@seealso
+@seealso
Notation Reference:
@ref{Line breaking},
@ref{Repeats},
@seealso
-
Snippets:
@rlsr{Rhythms}.
will print a warning if the @code{currentBarNumber} is not 123
when it is processed.
-@seealso
+@seealso
Snippets:
@rlsr{Rhythms}.
For common tweaks to the positioning of rehearsal marks, see
@ref{Formatting text}.
-@seealso
+@seealso
Notation Reference:
@ref{The Feta font},
@ref{Formatting text}.
Internals Reference: @rinternals{RehearsalMark}.
+
@node Special rhythmic concerns
@subsection Special rhythmic concerns
@seealso
-
Music Glossary:
@rglos{grace notes},
@rglos{acciaccatura},
>>
@end lilypond
-@seealso
+@seealso
Music Glossary:
@rglos{cadenza}.
@seealso
-
This manual: @ref{Bar numbers}, @ref{Unmetered music}
Snippets:
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff