version that you are working on. See TRANSLATION for details.
@end ignore
+@c \version "2.11.38"
+
@node Repeats
@section Repeats
@table @code
@item volta
-The repeated music is not written out but enclosed in repeat bar
+The repeated music is not written out but enclosed between repeat bar
lines. If the repeat is at the beginning of a piece, a repeat bar
line is only printed at the end. Alternative endings (volte) are
-printed, left to right with brackets. This is the standard
-notation for repeats with alternatives.
+printed left to right with brackets. This is the standard notation
+for repeats with alternatives.
@item unfold
The repeated music is fully written out, as many times as
entering repetitious music.
@item percent
-Write beat or measure repeats. These look like percent signs.
-Percent repeats must be declared within a @code{Voice} context.
+These are beat or measure repeats. They look like single slashes or
+percent signs.
@item tremolo
-Write tremolo beams.
+This is used to write tremolo beams.
@end table
-@ignore
-LilyPond has one syntactic construct for specifying different
-types of repeats. The syntax is
-
-@example
-\repeat @var{variant} @var{repeatcount} @var{repeatbody}
-@end example
-
-where @var{repeatbody} is a music expression.
-
-
-Alternative endings are entered with
-@funindex \alternative
-@example
-\alternative @{
- @var{alternative1}
- @var{alternative2}
- @var{alternative3}
- @dots{}
-@}
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-after a @code{\repeat volta} or @code{unfold} block, where each
-@var{alternative} is a music expression. If you give fewer
-alternatives than @var{repeatcount}, the first alternative is assumed
-to be played more than once.
-@end ignore
-
@menu
-* Writing long repeats::
+* Long repeats::
* Short repeats::
@end menu
-@node Writing long repeats
-@subsection Writing long repeats
+@node Long repeats
+@subsection Long repeats
+
+This section discusses how to input long (usually multi-measure)
+repeats. The repeats can take two forms: repeats enclosed between
+repeat signs; or written out repeats, used to input repetitious music.
+Repeat signs can also be controlled manually.
@menu
* Normal repeats::
* Manual repeat marks::
-* Written-out repeats::
+* Written-out repeats::
@end menu
@cindex volta
@node Normal repeats
@subsubsection Normal repeats
-The syntax for a simple repeat is
+The syntax for a normal repeat is
@example
-\repeat @var{variant} @var{repeatcount} @var{repeatbody}
+\repeat volta @var{repeatcount} @var{musicexpr}
@end example
-where @var{repeatbody} is a music expression.
+where @var{musicexpr} is a music expression. Alternate endings can
+be produced using @code{\alternative}.
Normal repeats without alternate endings:
\repeat volta 2 { d4 e f g }
@end lilypond
-Normal repeats with alternate endings:
+Normal repeats with alternate endings:
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim,relative=2]
-\repeat volta 2 { g f e d }
+\repeat volta 2 { g4 f e d }
\alternative {
{ cis2 g' }
{ cis,2 b }
@end lilypond
-Repeats with upbeats:
+Repeats with upbeats can be entered in two ways:
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim,relative=2]
\new Staff {
\partial 4
e |
- \repeat volta 4 { c2 d2 | e2 f2 | }
- \alternative { { g4 g g e } { a a a a | b2. } }
+ \repeat volta 4 { c2 d | e2 f | }
+ \alternative {
+ { g4 g g e }
+ { a4 a a a | b2. }
+ }
}
@end lilypond
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim,relative=2]
\new Staff {
\partial 4
- \repeat volta 4 { e | c2 d2 | e2 f2 | }
- \alternative { { \partial 4*3 g4 g g } { a a a a | b2. } }
+ \repeat volta 4 { e4 | c2 d | e2 f | }
+ \alternative {
+ { \partial 4*3 g4 g g }
+ { a4 a a a | b2. }
+ }
}
@end lilypond
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim,relative=2]
c1
\repeat volta 2 {c4 d e f ~ }
-\alternative { {f2 d} {f\repeatTie f,} }
+\alternative {
+ {f2 d}
+ {f2\repeatTie f,}
+}
@end lilypond
-By default, the volta brackets will be drawn over all of the
-alternative music, but it is possible to shorten them by setting
-@code{voltaSpannerDuration}. In the next example, the bracket only
-lasts one measure, which is a duration of 3/4.
+@snippets
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim,relative=2]
-\time 3/4
-c c c
-\set Score.voltaSpannerDuration = #(ly:make-moment 3 4)
-\repeat volta 5 { d d d }
-\alternative { { e e e f f f }
-{ g g g } }
-@end lilypond
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
+{shortening-volta-brackets.ly}
+
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
+{adding-volta-brackets-to-additional-staves.ly}
-The @code{Volta_engraver} by default resides in the Score context, and
-brackets for the repeat are thus normally only printed over the
-topmost staff. This can be adjusted by adding @code{Volta_engraver}
-to the Staff context where you want the brackets to appear; see
-@ref{Modifying context plug-ins} and
-@c @lsr{repeats,volta@/-multi@/-staff@/.ly}.
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
-\score { <<
- \new Staff { \repeat volta 2 { c'1 } \alternative { c' } }
- \new Staff { \repeat volta 2 { c'1 } \alternative { c' } }
- \new Staff \with { \consists Volta_engraver } { c'2 g' e' a' }
- \new Staff { \repeat volta 2 { c'1 } \alternative { c' } }
- >> }
-@end lilypond
@c Is there a way to have a final bar ("|.") at the end of the
@c previous line? Doesn't seem to be.
If you want to start a repeat at the beginning of a line and have a
-double bar at the end of the previous line, use
+double bar at the end of the previous line, use @code{\bar}. For more
+information, see @ref{Bar lines}.
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim,relative=2]
c4 c c c
\repeat volta 2 { c4 d e f }
@end lilypond
-see @ref{Bar lines} for more information.
@seealso
-Music Glossary: @rglos{repeat}.
-@c FIXME : add @rglos{volta} after glossary addition
+Music Glossary: @rglos{repeat}, @rglos{volta}.
Notation Reference: @ref{Bar lines}, @ref{Modifying context plug-ins}.
-Snippets: @lsrdir{Repeats,Repeats}
-
-Internals Reference: @internalsref{VoltaBracket},
-@internalsref{RepeatedMusic}, @internalsref{VoltaRepeatedMusic},
-@internalsref{UnfoldedRepeatedMusic}.
-
-@c Examples:
+Snippets: @rlsr{Repeats}.
+Internals Reference: @rinternals{VoltaBracket},
+@rinternals{RepeatedMusic}, @rinternals{VoltaRepeatedMusic},
+@rinternals{UnfoldedRepeatedMusic}.
@knownissues
Timing information is not remembered at the start of an alternative,
so after a repeat timing information must be reset by hand; for
example, by setting @code{Score.measurePosition} or entering
-@code{\partial}. Similarly, slurs or ties are also not repeated.
+@code{\partial}. Similarly, slurs are also not repeated.
Print a @code{:|} bar line.
@item @code{(volta @var{text})}
-Print a volta bracket saying @var{text}. The text can be
-specified as a text string or as a markup text, see @ref{Text
-markup}. Do not forget to change the font, as the default number
-font does not contain alphabetic characters;
+Print a volta bracket saying @var{text}. The text can be specified as
+a text string or as a markup text, see @ref{Formatting text}. Do not
+forget to change the font, as the default number font does not contain
+alphabetic characters;
@item @code{(volta #f)}
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,relative=2]
c4
- \set Score.repeatCommands = #'((volta "93") end-repeat)
-c4 c4
- \set Score.repeatCommands = #'((volta #f))
-c4 c4
+\set Score.repeatCommands = #'((volta "93") end-repeat)
+c4 b
+\set Score.repeatCommands = #'((volta #f))
+d4 e
@end lilypond
@c FIXME: improve visibility of bar lines link?
@seealso
-Notation Reference: @ref{Bar lines}.
+Notation Reference: @ref{Bar lines}, @ref{Formatting text}.
-Snippets: @lsrdir{Repeats,Repeats}
+Snippets: @rlsr{Repeats}.
-Internals Reference: @internalsref{VoltaBracket},
-@internalsref{RepeatedMusic}, @internalsref{VoltaRepeatedMusic},
-and @internalsref{UnfoldedRepeatedMusic}.
+Internals Reference: @rinternals{VoltaBracket},
+@rinternals{RepeatedMusic}, @rinternals{VoltaRepeatedMusic}.
@node Written-out repeats
@subsubsection Written-out repeats
-unfold
+@cindex written-out repeats
+@cindex repetitious music
+@cindex repeats, written-out
+
+By using the @code{unfold} command, repeats can be used to simplify
+the writing out of repetitious music. The syntax is
+
+@example
+\repeat unfold @var{repeatcount} @var{musicexpr}
+@end example
+
+where @var{musicexpr} is a music expression. Unfold repeats can be
+made with or without alternate endings. Unfold repeats without
+alternate endings:
+
+@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,relative=2]
+c1
+\repeat unfold 2 { c4 d e f }
+c1
+@end lilypond
+
+Unfold repeats with alternate endings:
+@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,relative=2]
+c1
+\repeat unfold 2 { g4 f e d }
+ \alternative {
+ { cis2 g' }
+ { cis,2 b }
+ }
+c1
+@end lilypond
+
+@seealso
+Snippets: @rlsr{Repeats}.
+Internals Reference: @rinternals{RepeatedMusic},
+@rinternals{UnfoldedRepeatedMusic}.
@node Short repeats
@subsection Short repeats
+This section discusses how to input short repeats. Short repeats can
+take two basic forms: repeats of a single note to two measures,
+represented by slashes or percent signs; and tremolos.
+
@menu
* Percent repeats::
* Tremolo repeats::
@cindex percent repeats
@cindex measure repeats
-A note pattern can be repeated with the @code{\repeat percent
-@var{number}} syntax. The music is printed once, and the pattern
-is replaced with a special sign. Patterns of one and two measures
-are replaced by percent-like signs, patterns that divide the
-measure length are replaced by slashes. Percent repeats must be
-declared within a @code{Voice} context.
+Repeated short patterns of notes are supported. The music is printed
+once, and the pattern is replaced with a special sign. Patterns that
+are shorter than one measure are replaced by slashes, and patterns of
+one or two measures are replaced by percent-like signs. The syntax is
+
+@example
+@code{\repeat percent @var{number} @var{musicexpr}}
+@end example
+
+where @var{musicexpr} is a music expression.
@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
-\new Voice \relative c' {
+\relative c' {
\repeat percent 4 { c4 }
- \repeat percent 2 { c2 es2 f4 fis4 g4 c4 }
+ \repeat percent 2 { b'4 a g f }
+ \repeat percent 2 { c2 es | f4 fis g c | }
}
@end lilypond
-Measure repeats of more than two measures get a counter if you
-switch on the @code{countPercentRepeats} property:
+Measure repeats of more than two repeats get a counter if you switch
+on the @code{countPercentRepeats} property:
@lilypond[relative=2,fragment,quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
-\new Voice {
+\relative c' {
\set countPercentRepeats = ##t
\repeat percent 4 { c1 }
}
@end lilypond
+@knownissues
+
+Only three kinds of percent repeats are supported: a single slash
+representing a single beat (regardless of the duration of the repeated
+notes); a single slash with dots representing one full measure; and
+two slashes with dots crossing a bar line representing two full
+measures. Neither multiple slashes representing single beat repeats
+consisting of sixteenth or shorter notes, nor two slashes with dots
+representing single beat repeats consisting of notes of varying
+durations, are supported.
+
+
@seealso
-Snippets: @lsrdir{Repeats,Repeats}
+Music Glossary: @rglos{percent repeat}, @rglos{simile}.
-Internals Reference: @internalsref{RepeatSlash},
-@internalsref{PercentRepeat}, @internalsref{DoublePercentRepeat},
-@internalsref{DoublePercentRepeatCounter},
-@internalsref{PercentRepeatCounter},
-@internalsref{PercentRepeatedMusic}.
+Snippets: @rlsr{Repeats}.
+
+Internals Reference: @rinternals{RepeatSlash},
+@rinternals{PercentRepeat}, @rinternals{DoublePercentRepeat},
+@rinternals{DoublePercentRepeatCounter},
+@rinternals{PercentRepeatCounter}, @rinternals{PercentRepeatedMusic}.
@node Tremolo repeats
@subsubsection Tremolo repeats
+Tremolos can take two forms: alternation between two chords or two
+notes, and rapid repetition of a single
+note or chord. Tremolos consisting of an alternation are indicated by
+adding beams between the notes or chords being alternated, while
+tremolos consisting of the rapid repetition of a single note are
+indicated by adding beams or slashes to a single note.
+
@cindex tremolo beams
To place tremolo marks between notes, use @code{\repeat} with
tremolo style:
@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
-\new Voice \relative c' {
- \repeat tremolo 8 { c16 d16 }
- \repeat tremolo 4 { c16 d16 }
- \repeat tremolo 2 { c16 d16 }
+\relative c' {
+ \repeat tremolo 8 { c16 d }
+ \repeat tremolo 4 { c16 d }
+ \repeat tremolo 2 { c16 d }
}
@end lilypond
notated as two whole notes joined by tremolo beams.
There are two ways to put tremolo marks on a single note. The
-@code{\repeat tremolo} syntax can be used even here, in which case
+@code{\repeat tremolo} syntax is also used here, in which case
the note should not be surrounded by braces:
@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
@seealso
-Notation Reference: @ref{Tremolo repeats}.
-
-Internals Reference: @internalsref{Beam},
-@internalsref{StemTremolo}.
-
-Snippets: @lsrdir{Repeats,Repeats}
-
-Elsewhere: @internalsref{StemTremolo}.
-
-
-
-
-
+@c Notation Reference: @re
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff