version that you are working on. See TRANSLATION for details.
@end ignore
-@c \version "2.11.51"
+@c \version "2.11.61"
@node Repeats
@section Repeats
@item volta
The repeated music is not written out but enclosed between repeat bar
lines. If the repeat is at the beginning of a piece, a repeat bar
-line is only printed at the endof the repeat. Alternative endings
+line is only printed at the end of the repeat. Alternative endings
(volte) are printed left to right with brackets. This is the standard
notation for repeats with alternatives.
@item unfold
The repeated music is fully written out, as many times as
specified by @var{repeatcount}. This is useful when
-entering repetitious music.
+entering repetitious music.
@item percent
These are beat or measure repeats. They look like single slashes or
@menu
-* Long repeats::
-* Short repeats::
+* Long repeats::
+* Short repeats::
@end menu
@node Long repeats
Repeat signs can also be controlled manually.
@menu
-* Normal repeats::
-* Manual repeat marks::
-* Written-out repeats::
+* Normal repeats::
+* Manual repeat marks::
+* Written-out repeats::
@end menu
@cindex volta
@cindex seconda volta
@cindex volta, prima
@cindex volta, seconda
+@cindex repeat, normal
+@cindex normal repeat
+@cindex repeat with alternate endings
+@cindex alternate endings
@funindex \repeat
+@funindex \alternative
+@funindex \partial
@node Normal repeats
@unnumberedsubsubsec Normal repeats
@end example
where @var{musicexpr} is a music expression. Alternate endings can be
-produced using @code{\alternative}. If there are more repeats than
-there are alternate endings, the earliest repeats are given the first
-alternative.
+produced using @code{\alternative}. In order to delimit the alternate
+endings, the group of alternatives must be enclosed in a set of
+braces. If there are more repeats than there are alternate endings,
+the earliest repeats are given the first alternative.
Normal repeats without alternate endings:
Normal repeats with alternate endings:
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\repeat volta 2 { g4 f e d }
- \alternative {
- { cis2 g' }
- { cis,2 b }
- }
-\repeat volta 3 { c4 d e f }
- \alternative {
- { d2 e }
- { f2 g }
- }
+\repeat volta 4 { c4 d e f }
+\alternative {
+ { d2 e }
+ { f2 g }
+}
c1
@end lilypond
+@cindex repeat with upbeat
+@cindex upbeat in a repeat
+@cindex anacrucis in a repeat
+@cindex repeat with anacrucis
+@cindex repeat with pickup
+@cindex pickup in a repeat
+@funindex \partial
+
Repeats with upbeats can be entered in two ways:
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
or
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\partial 4
+\partial 4
\repeat volta 4 { e4 | c2 d | e2 f | }
\alternative {
{ \partial 4*3 g4 g g }
@end lilypond
+@cindex repeats with ties
+@cindex alternative endings with ties
+@cindex ties in repeats
+@cindex ties in alternative endings
@funindex \repeatTie
Ties may be added to a second ending:
{adding-volta-brackets-to-additional-staves.ly}
-@c Is there a way to have a final bar ("|.") at the end of the
-@c previous line? Doesn't seem to be.
-@c It could be done by overriding
-@c the BreakAlignment property. Want a separate example?
-If you want to start a repeat at the beginning of a line and have a
-double bar at the end of the previous line, use @code{\bar}. For more
-information, see @ref{Bar lines}.
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-c4 c c c
-\bar "||:" \break
-\repeat volta 2 { c4 d e f }
-@end lilypond
-
-
@seealso
-
Music Glossary: @rglos{repeat}, @rglos{volta}.
Notation Reference: @ref{Bar lines}, @ref{Modifying context plug-ins}.
@rinternals{RepeatedMusic}, @rinternals{VoltaRepeatedMusic},
@rinternals{UnfoldedRepeatedMusic}.
+
@knownissues
@cindex repeat, ambiguous
+@cindex nested repeat
+@cindex repeat, nested
+@cindex repeat timing information
+@cindex repeat and measure number
+@cindex timing information and repeats
+@cindex measure number and repeats
+@cindex repeat and slur
+@cindex slur and repeat
A nested repeat like
@node Manual repeat marks
@unnumberedsubsubsec Manual repeat marks
+@cindex manual repeat mark
+@cindex repeat, manual
+@cindex start repeat
+@cindex repeat, start
+@cindex end repeat
+@cindex repeat, end
+@cindex repeat number, changing
+@cindex repeat volta, changing
+@cindex volta bracket
+@cindex bracket, volta
@funindex repeatCommands
+@funindex start-repeat
@warning{These methods are only used for displaying unusual repeat
constructs, and may produce unexpected behavior. In most cases,
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
c1
-\set Score.repeatCommands = #'( start-repeat )
+\set Score.repeatCommands = #'(start-repeat)
d4 e f g
c1
@end lilypond
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
c1
d4 e f g
-\set Score.repeatCommands = #'( end-repeat )
+\set Score.repeatCommands = #'(end-repeat)
c1
@end lilypond
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
f4 g a b
-\set Score.repeatCommands = #'( ( volta "2" ) )
+\set Score.repeatCommands = #'((volta "2"))
g4 a g a
-\set Score.repeatCommands = #'( ( volta #f ) )
+\set Score.repeatCommands = #'((volta #f))
c1
@end lilypond
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
f4 g a b
-\set Score.repeatCommands = #'( ( volta "2, 5" ) end-repeat )
+\set Score.repeatCommands = #'((volta "2, 5") end-repeat)
g4 a g a
c1
-\set Score.repeatCommands = #'( ( volta #f ) ( volta "95" ) end-repeat )
+\set Score.repeatCommands = #'((volta #f) (volta "95") end-repeat)
b1
+\set Score.repeatCommands = #'((volta #f))
@end lilypond
+@cindex volta bracket with text
+@cindex text in volta bracket
+
Text can be included with the volta bracket. The text can be a
number or numbers or markup text, see @ref{Formatting text}. The
simplest way to use markup text is to define the markup first,
-then include the the markup in a Scheme list.
+then include the markup in a Scheme list.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
voltaAdLib = \markup { 1. 2. 3... \text \italic { ad lib. } }
\relative c'' {
c1
- \set Score.repeatCommands = #(list (list 'volta voltaAdLib) 'start-repeat)
+ \set Score.repeatCommands = #(list(list 'volta voltaAdLib) 'start-repeat)
c4 b d e
\set Score.repeatCommands = #'((volta #f) (volta "4.") end-repeat)
f1
@snippets
-@ignore
-@c FIXME: send these to Neil or Valentin to be added as snippets,
-@c delete them.
-@c FIXME: will do, rp.
-Manual control of the volte, including a @code{|:} bar line at the
-beginning and explicit volta numbers:
-
-@c FIXME: I can't believe this is right.
-@c TODO: I think it is. I plan
-@c to delete this example, since it's
-@c already been given at L238. rp
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-s1*1/10
-\set Score.repeatCommands = #'( start-repeat )
-c1*9/10
-d4 e f g
-\set Score.repeatCommands = #'( ( volta "1, 2, 5" ) )
-f4 g a b
-\set Score.repeatCommands = #'( ( volta #f ) ( volta "95" ) end-repeat )
-g4 a g a
-\set Score.repeatCommands = #'( ( volta #f ) )
-c1
-@end lilypond
-
-In order to print a @code{|:} bar line at the beginning of a piece,
-the @code{BreakAlignment} property must be overridden:
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\once \override Score.BreakAlignment #'break-align-orders =
-#(make-vector 3 '(
-instrument-name
-left-edge
-ambitus
-span-bar
-breathing-sign
-clef
-key-signature
-time-signature
-staff-bar
-custos
-span-bar
-))
-\bar "|:"
-c1
-d1
-d4 e f g
-@end lilypond
-@end ignore
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+{printing-a-repeat-sign-at-the-beginning-of-a-piece.ly}
@seealso
-
Notation Reference:
@ref{Bar lines},
@ref{Formatting text}.
@cindex written-out repeats
@cindex repetitious music
@cindex repeats, written-out
+@cindex repeat, unfold
+@cindex unfold music
+@cindex unfold repeat
+@cindex unfold repeat with alternate endings
+@cindex unfold music with alternate endings
+@cindex alternate ending in written-out repeats
+@funindex unfold
By using the @code{unfold} command, repeats can be used to simplify
the writing out of repetitious music. The syntax is
\repeat unfold @var{repeatcount} @var{musicexpr}
@end example
-where @var{musicexpr} is a music expression. Unfold repeats can be
-made with or without alternate endings. If there are more repeats
-than there are alternate endings, the first alternative ending is
-applied to the earliest endings. Unfold repeats without alternate
-endings:
+where @var{musicexpr} is a music expression and @var{repeatcount} is
+the number of times @var{musicexpr} is repeated.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
c1
c1
@end lilypond
-Unfold repeats with alternate endings:
+Unfold repeats can be made with alternate endings. If there are
+more repeats than there are alternate endings, the first
+alternative ending is applied to the earliest endings.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
c1
{ cis,2 b }
}
c1
-\repeat unfold 3 { d4 c b2 }
- \alternative {
- { c4 d e f }
- { d4 c b a }
- }
-c1
@end lilypond
-@seealso
+@seealso
Snippets: @rlsr{Repeats}.
Internals Reference: @rinternals{RepeatedMusic},
@rinternals{UnfoldedRepeatedMusic}.
+
@node Short repeats
@subsection Short repeats
represented by slashes or percent signs; and tremolos.
@menu
-* Percent repeats::
-* Tremolo repeats::
+* Percent repeats::
+* Tremolo repeats::
@end menu
@node Percent repeats
@cindex percent repeats
@cindex measure repeats
+@cindex repeat, percent
+@cindex repeat, measure
+@cindex repeat, short
+@funindex \repeat percent
+@funindex percent
Repeated short patterns of notes are supported. The music is printed
once, and the pattern is replaced with a special sign. Patterns that
@code{\repeat percent @var{number} @var{musicexpr}}
@end example
-where @var{musicexpr} is a music expression.
+where @var{musicexpr} is a music expression.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
\repeat percent 4 { c4 }
@snippets
-@c FIXME: email these to Valentin or Neil to be made into snippets
-Measure repeats of more than two repeats get a counter if you switch
-on the @code{countPercentRepeats} property:
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+{percent-repeat-counter.ly}
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\set countPercentRepeats = ##t
-\repeat percent 4 { c1 }
-@end lilypond
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+{percent-repeat-count-visibility.ly}
-Isolated percents can also be printed. This is done by entering a
-multi-measure rest with a different print function:
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+{isolated-percent-repeats.ly}
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\override MultiMeasureRest #'stencil
- = #ly:multi-measure-rest::percent
-R1
-@end lilypond
@seealso
-
Music Glossary: @rglos{percent repeat}, @rglos{simile}.
Snippets: @rlsr{Repeats}.
@rinternals{DoublePercentRepeatCounter},
@rinternals{PercentRepeatCounter}, @rinternals{PercentRepeatedMusic}.
+
@knownissues
Only three kinds of percent repeats are supported: a single slash
@node Tremolo repeats
@unnumberedsubsubsec Tremolo repeats
-Tremolos can take two forms: alternation between two chords or two
-notes, and rapid repetition of a single
-note or chord. Tremolos consisting of an alternation are indicated by
-adding beams between the notes or chords being alternated, while
-tremolos consisting of the rapid repetition of a single note are
-indicated by adding beams or slashes to a single note.
-
@cindex tremolo beams
+@cindex tremolo
+@cindex repeat, tremolo
+@funindex \repeat tremolo
+@funindex tremolo
+
+Tremolos can take two forms: alternation between two chords or two
+notes, and rapid repetition of a single note or chord. Tremolos
+consisting of an alternation are indicated by adding beams between the
+notes or chords being alternated, while tremolos consisting of the
+rapid repetition of a single note are indicated by adding beams or
+slashes to a single note.
To place tremolo marks between notes, use @code{\repeat} with
tremolo style:
@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=2]
\repeat tremolo 8 { c16 d }
-\repeat tremolo 4 { c16 d }
+\repeat tremolo 6 { c16 d }
\repeat tremolo 2 { c16 d }
@end lilypond
The duration of the tremolo equals the duration of the
braced expression multiplied by the number of repeats:
@code{\repeat tremolo 8 @{ c16 d16 @}} gives a whole note tremolo,
-notated as two whole notes joined by tremolo beams.
+notated as two whole notes joined by tremolo beams.
There are two ways to put tremolo marks on a single note. The
@code{\repeat tremolo} syntax is also used here, in which case
@cindex tremolo marks
@funindex tremoloFlags
+@funindex :
The same output can be obtained by adding
@q{@code{:}[@var{number}]} after the note. The number indicates
c: c:
@end lilypond
-@seealso
+@seealso
Snippets: @rlsr{Repeats}.
+@cindex tremolo, cross-staff
+@cindex cross-staff tremolo
+
+@knownissues
+
+Cross-staff tremolos do not work well.
+
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff