{repeats-headword.ly}
Repetition is a central concept in music, and multiple notations
-exist for repetitions.
+exist for repetitions. LilyPond supports the following kinds of repeats:
-@menu
-* Writing repeats::
-* Other repeats::
-@end menu
-
-@node Writing repeats
-@subsection Writing repeats
-
-This section discusses how to write repeats, including repeated
-sections of music enclosed within repeat bars, alternate repeat
-endings, tremolos, and beat or measure repeats.
-
-@menu
-* Repeat syntax::
-* Normal repeats::
-* Manual repeat commands::
-@end menu
-
-
-@node Repeat syntax
-@subsubsection Repeat syntax
-
-@cindex repeats
-@cindex repeat syntax
-@cindex syntax, repeat
-
-LilyPond has one syntactic construct for specifying different
-types of repeats. The syntax is
-
-@example
-\repeat @var{variant} @var{repeatcount} @var{repeatbody}
-@end example
-
-where @var{repeabody} is a music expression.
-
-The following types of repetition are supported
-
-@cindex repeat volta
-@cindex volta
@table @code
@item volta
printed, left to right with brackets. This is the standard
notation for repeats with alternatives.
-@cindex repetitious music
-
@item unfold
The repeated music is fully written out, as many times as
specified by @var{repeatcount}. This is useful when
entering repetitious music.
-@cindex tremolo
-@cindex tremolo beams
-@cindex beams, tremolo
+@item percent
+Write beat or measure repeats. These look like percent signs.
+Percent repeats must be declared within a @code{Voice} context.
@item tremolo
-Make tremolo beams.
+Write tremolo beams.
-@cindex beat repeat
-@cindex measure repeat
-@cindex percent sign, for repeat
+@end table
-@item percent
-Make beat or measure repeats. These look like percent signs.
-Percent repeats must be declared within a @code{Voice} context.
+@ignore
+LilyPond has one syntactic construct for specifying different
+types of repeats. The syntax is
+
+@example
+\repeat @var{variant} @var{repeatcount} @var{repeatbody}
+@end example
+
+where @var{repeabody} is a music expression.
-@end table
Alternative endings are entered with
@funindex \alternative
@noindent
after a @code{\repeat volta} or @code{unfold} block, where each
-@var{alternative} is a music expression. If you give
-less alternatives than @var{repeatcount}, the first alternative
-is assumed to be played more than once.
+@var{alternative} is a music expression. If you give fewer
+alternatives than @var{repeatcount}, the first alternative is assumed
+to be played more than once.
+@end ignore
-@node Normal repeats
-@subsubsection Normal repeats
+@menu
+* Writing long repeats::
+* Short repeats::
+@end menu
+
+@node Writing long repeats
+@subsection Writing long repeats
+
+@menu
+* Normal repeats::
+* Manual repeat marks::
+* Written-out repeats::
+@end menu
@cindex volta
@cindex prima volta
@cindex volta, seconda
@funindex \repeat
-Normal repeats, with or without alternate repeats:
+@node Normal repeats
+@subsubsection Normal repeats
+
+The syntax for a simple repeat is
+
+@example
+\repeat @var{variant} @var{repeatcount} @var{repeatbody}
+@end example
+
+where @var{repeabody} is a music expression.
+
+Normal repeats, without alternate endings:
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim,relative=2]
\repeat volta 2 { c4 d e f }
+c1
+@end lilypond
+
+Normal repeats, with alternate endings:
+
+@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim,relative=2]
\repeat volta 2 { g f e d }
\alternative {
{ cis2 g' }
}
c1
@end lilypond
+
+
Repeats with upbeats:
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim,relative=2]
@end lilypond
By default, the volta brackets will be drawn over all of the
-alternative music, but it is possible to shorten them by
-setting @code{voltaSpannerDuration}. In the next example, the
-bracket only lasts one measure, which is a duration of 3/4.
+alternative music, but it is possible to shorten them by setting
+@code{voltaSpannerDuration}. In the next example, the bracket only
+lasts one measure, which is a duration of 3/4.
@lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
\relative c''{
}
@end lilypond
-The @code{Volta_engraver} by default resides in the Score context,
-and brackets for the repeat are thus normally only printed over
-the topmost staff. This can be adjusted by adding
-@code{Volta_engraver} to the Staff context where you want the
-brackets to appear; see @ref{Modifying context plug-ins} and
+The @code{Volta_engraver} by default resides in the Score context, and
+brackets for the repeat are thus normally only printed over the
+topmost staff. This can be adjusted by adding @code{Volta_engraver}
+to the Staff context where you want the brackets to appear; see
+@ref{Modifying context plug-ins} and
@c @lsr{repeats,volta@/-multi@/-staff@/.ly}.
@lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
@c Is there a way to have a final bar ("|.") at the end of the
@c previous line? Doesn't seem to be.
-If you want to start a repeat at the beginning of a line and have
-a double bar at the end of the previous line, use
+If you want to start a repeat at the beginning of a line and have a
+double bar at the end of the previous line, use
@example
@dots{} \bar "||:" \break
@seealso
+Music Glossary: @rglos{repeat};
+@c FIXME : add @rglos{volta} after glossary addition
+
+Notation Reference: @ref{Bar lines}; @ref{Modifying context plug-ins}.
+
Snippets: @lsrdir{Repeats,Repeats}
Internals Reference: @internalsref{VoltaBracket},
@c Examples:
-@refbugs
+@knownissues
@cindex repeat, ambiguous
having the @code{\alternative} belong to the inner @code{\repeat}.
For clarity, it is advisable to use braces in such situations.
-Timing information is not remembered at the start of an
-alternative, so after a repeat timing information must be reset by
-hand; for example, by setting @code{Score.measurePosition} or
-entering @code{\partial}. Similarly, slurs or ties are also not
-repeated.
+Timing information is not remembered at the start of an alternative,
+so after a repeat timing information must be reset by hand; for
+example, by setting @code{Score.measurePosition} or entering
+@code{\partial}. Similarly, slurs or ties are also not repeated.
-@node Manual repeat commands
-@subsubsection Manual repeat commands
+@node Manual repeat marks
+@subsubsection Manual repeat marks
@funindex repeatCommands
and @internalsref{UnfoldedRepeatedMusic}.
-@node Other repeats
-@subsection Other repeats
+@node Written-out repeats
+@subsubsection Written-out repeats
+
+unfold
+
+
+
+
+@node Short repeats
+@subsection Short repeats
@menu
+* Percent repeats::
* Tremolo repeats::
-* Measure repeats::
@end menu
+@node Percent repeats
+@subsubsection Percent repeats
+
+@cindex percent repeats
+@cindex measure repeats
+
+A note pattern can be repeated with the @code{\repeat percent
+@var{number}} syntax. The music is printed once, and the pattern
+is replaced with a special sign. Patterns of one and two measures
+are replaced by percent-like signs, patterns that divide the
+measure length are replaced by slashes. Percent repeats must be
+declared within a @code{Voice} context.
+
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
+\new Voice \relative c' {
+ \repeat percent 4 { c4 }
+ \repeat percent 2 { c2 es2 f4 fis4 g4 c4 }
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+Measure repeats of more than two measures get a counter if you
+switch on the @code{countPercentRepeats} property:
+
+@lilypond[relative=2,fragment,quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
+\new Voice {
+ \set countPercentRepeats = ##t
+ \repeat percent 4 { c1 }
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+
+Isolated percents can also be printed. This is done by entering a
+multi-measure rest with a different print function:
+
+@lilypond[fragment,verbatim,quote]
+\override MultiMeasureRest #'stencil
+ = #ly:multi-measure-rest::percent
+R1
+@end lilypond
+
+
+@seealso
+
+Snippets: @lsrdir{Repeats,Repeats}
+
+Internals Reference: @internalsref{RepeatSlash},
+@internalsref{PercentRepeat}, @internalsref{DoublePercentRepeat},
+@internalsref{DoublePercentRepeatCounter},
+@internalsref{PercentRepeatCounter},
+@internalsref{PercentRepeatedMusic}.
+
@node Tremolo repeats
@subsubsection Tremolo repeats
@end lilypond
-@refbugs
+@knownissues
Tremolos entered with @q{@code{:}[@var{number}]} do not carry over
Elsewhere: @internalsref{StemTremolo}.
-@node Measure repeats
-@subsubsection Measure repeats
-
-@cindex percent repeats
-@cindex measure repeats
-
-A note pattern can be repeated with the @code{\repeat percent
-@var{number}} syntax. The music is printed once, and the pattern
-is replaced with a special sign. Patterns of one and two measures
-are replaced by percent-like signs, patterns that divide the
-measure length are replaced by slashes. Percent repeats must be
-declared within a @code{Voice} context.
-
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
-\new Voice \relative c' {
- \repeat percent 4 { c4 }
- \repeat percent 2 { c2 es2 f4 fis4 g4 c4 }
-}
-@end lilypond
-
-Measure repeats of more than two measures get a counter if you
-switch on the @code{countPercentRepeats} property:
-
-@lilypond[relative=2,fragment,quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
-\new Voice {
- \set countPercentRepeats = ##t
- \repeat percent 4 { c1 }
-}
-@end lilypond
-
-
-Isolated percents can also be printed. This is done by entering a
-multi-measure rest with a different print function:
-
-@lilypond[fragment,verbatim,quote]
-\override MultiMeasureRest #'stencil
- = #ly:multi-measure-rest::percent
-R1
-@end lilypond
-
-
-
-
-@seealso
-
-Snippets: @lsrdir{Repeats,Repeats}
-
-Internals Reference: @internalsref{RepeatSlash},
-@internalsref{PercentRepeat}, @internalsref{DoublePercentRepeat},
-@internalsref{DoublePercentRepeatCounter},
-@internalsref{PercentRepeatCounter},
-@internalsref{PercentRepeatedMusic}.
-
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff