version that you are working on. See TRANSLATION for details.
@end ignore
-@c \version "2.11.38"
+@c \version "2.11.51"
@node Repeats
@section Repeats
-@lilypondfile[ragged-right,line-width=16\cm,staffsize=16,quote]
-{repeats-headword.ly}
+@lilypondfile[quote]{repeats-headword.ly}
Repetition is a central concept in music, and multiple notations
-exist for repetitions. LilyPond supports the following kinds of repeats:
+exist for repetitions. LilyPond supports the following kinds of
+repeats:
@table @code
@item volta
The repeated music is not written out but enclosed between repeat bar
lines. If the repeat is at the beginning of a piece, a repeat bar
-line is only printed at the end. Alternative endings (volte) are
-printed left to right with brackets. This is the standard notation
-for repeats with alternatives.
+line is only printed at the endof the repeat. Alternative endings
+(volte) are printed left to right with brackets. This is the standard
+notation for repeats with alternatives.
@item unfold
The repeated music is fully written out, as many times as
@funindex \repeat
@node Normal repeats
-@subsubsection Normal repeats
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Normal repeats
The syntax for a normal repeat is
Normal repeats without alternate endings:
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim,relative=2]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
\repeat volta 2 { c4 d e f }
c2 d
\repeat volta 2 { d4 e f g }
Normal repeats with alternate endings:
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim,relative=2]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
\repeat volta 2 { g4 f e d }
\alternative {
{ cis2 g' }
Repeats with upbeats can be entered in two ways:
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim,relative=2]
-\new Staff {
- \partial 4
- e |
- \repeat volta 4 { c2 d | e2 f | }
- \alternative {
- { g4 g g e }
- { a4 a a a | b2. }
- }
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+\partial 4
+e |
+\repeat volta 4 { c2 d | e2 f | }
+\alternative {
+ { g4 g g e }
+ { a4 a a a | b2. }
}
@end lilypond
@noindent
or
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim,relative=2]
-\new Staff {
- \partial 4
- \repeat volta 4 { e4 | c2 d | e2 f | }
- \alternative {
- { \partial 4*3 g4 g g }
- { a4 a a a | b2. }
- }
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+\partial 4
+\repeat volta 4 { e4 | c2 d | e2 f | }
+\alternative {
+ { \partial 4*3 g4 g g }
+ { a4 a a a | b2. }
}
@end lilypond
Ties may be added to a second ending:
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim,relative=2]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
c1
-\repeat volta 2 {c4 d e f ~ }
+\repeat volta 2 { c4 d e f ~ }
\alternative {
- {f2 d}
- {f2\repeatTie f,}
+ { f2 d }
+ { f2\repeatTie f, }
}
@end lilypond
@snippets
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
{shortening-volta-brackets.ly}
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
{adding-volta-brackets-to-additional-staves.ly}
@c Is there a way to have a final bar ("|.") at the end of the
@c previous line? Doesn't seem to be.
+@c It could be done by overriding
+@c the BreakAlignment property. Want a separate example?
If you want to start a repeat at the beginning of a line and have a
double bar at the end of the previous line, use @code{\bar}. For more
information, see @ref{Bar lines}.
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim,relative=2]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
c4 c c c
\bar "||:" \break
\repeat volta 2 { c4 d e f }
@node Manual repeat marks
-@subsubsection Manual repeat marks
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Manual repeat marks
@funindex repeatCommands
-@c FIXME: Markup does not work in the "text" field
-@c And how does one change the font?
-@c On the whole, this section needs better documentation (why the
-@c double parentheses around the volta expressions?)
+@warning{These methods are only used for displaying unusual repeat
+constructs, and may produce unexpected behavior. In most cases,
+repeats should be created using the standard @code{\\repeat} command
+or by printing the relevant bar lines. For more information, see
+@ref{Bar lines}.}
The property @code{repeatCommands} can be used to control the
layout of repeats. Its value is a Scheme list of repeat commands.
-@table @asis
-@item @code{start-repeat}
+@table @code
+@item start-repeat
Print a @code{|:} bar line.
-@item @code{end-repeat}
-Print a @code{:|} bar line.
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+c1
+\set Score.repeatCommands = #'( start-repeat )
+d4 e f g
+c1
+@end lilypond
-@item @code{(volta @var{text})}
-Print a volta bracket saying @var{text}. The text can be specified as
-a text string or as a markup text, see @ref{Formatting text}. Do not
-forget to change the font, as the default number font does not contain
-alphabetic characters;
+As per standard engraving practice, repeat signs are not printed
+at the beginning of a piece.
+@item end-repeat
+Print a @code{:|} bar line:
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+c1
+d4 e f g
+\set Score.repeatCommands = #'( end-repeat )
+c1
+@end lilypond
+
+@item (volta @var{number}) ... (volta #f)
+Create a new volta with the specified number. The volta bracket must
+be explicitly terminated, or it will not be printed.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+f4 g a b
+\set Score.repeatCommands = #'( ( volta "2" ) )
+g4 a g a
+\set Score.repeatCommands = #'( ( volta #f ) )
+c1
+@end lilypond
-@item @code{(volta #f)}
-Stop a running volta bracket.
@end table
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,relative=2]
-c4
-\set Score.repeatCommands = #'((volta "93") end-repeat)
-c4 b
-\set Score.repeatCommands = #'((volta #f))
-d4 e
+Multiple repeat commands may occur at the same point:
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+f4 g a b
+\set Score.repeatCommands = #'( ( volta "2, 5" ) end-repeat )
+g4 a g a
+c1
+\set Score.repeatCommands = #'( ( volta #f ) ( volta "95" ) end-repeat )
+b1
+@end lilypond
+
+Text can be included with the volta bracket. The text can be a
+number or numbers or markup text, see @ref{Formatting text}. The
+simplest way to use markup text is to define the markup first,
+then include the the markup in a Scheme list.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+voltaAdLib = \markup { 1. 2. 3... \text \italic { ad lib. } }
+\relative c'' {
+ c1
+ \set Score.repeatCommands = #(list (list 'volta voltaAdLib) 'start-repeat)
+ c4 b d e
+ \set Score.repeatCommands = #'((volta #f) (volta "4.") end-repeat)
+ f1
+ \set Score.repeatCommands = #'((volta #f))
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+
+@snippets
+
+@ignore
+@c FIXME: send these to Neil or Valentin to be added as snippets,
+@c delete them.
+@c FIXME: will do, rp.
+Manual control of the volte, including a @code{|:} bar line at the
+beginning and explicit volta numbers:
+
+@c FIXME: I can't believe this is right.
+@c TODO: I think it is. I plan
+@c to delete this example, since it's
+@c already been given at L238. rp
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+s1*1/10
+\set Score.repeatCommands = #'( start-repeat )
+c1*9/10
+d4 e f g
+\set Score.repeatCommands = #'( ( volta "1, 2, 5" ) )
+f4 g a b
+\set Score.repeatCommands = #'( ( volta #f ) ( volta "95" ) end-repeat )
+g4 a g a
+\set Score.repeatCommands = #'( ( volta #f ) )
+c1
@end lilypond
-@c FIXME: improve visibility of bar lines link?
+In order to print a @code{|:} bar line at the beginning of a piece,
+the @code{BreakAlignment} property must be overridden:
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+\once \override Score.BreakAlignment #'break-align-orders =
+#(make-vector 3 '(
+instrument-name
+left-edge
+ambitus
+span-bar
+breathing-sign
+clef
+key-signature
+time-signature
+staff-bar
+custos
+span-bar
+))
+\bar "|:"
+c1
+d1
+d4 e f g
+@end lilypond
+@end ignore
+
@seealso
-Notation Reference: @ref{Bar lines}, @ref{Formatting text}.
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Bar lines},
+@ref{Formatting text}.
-Snippets: @rlsr{Repeats}.
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Repeats}.
-Internals Reference: @rinternals{VoltaBracket},
-@rinternals{RepeatedMusic}, @rinternals{VoltaRepeatedMusic}.
+Internals Reference:
+@rinternals{VoltaBracket},
+@rinternals{RepeatedMusic},
+@rinternals{VoltaRepeatedMusic}.
@node Written-out repeats
-@subsubsection Written-out repeats
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Written-out repeats
@cindex written-out repeats
@cindex repetitious music
applied to the earliest endings. Unfold repeats without alternate
endings:
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,relative=2]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
c1
\repeat unfold 2 { c4 d e f }
c1
Unfold repeats with alternate endings:
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,relative=2]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
c1
\repeat unfold 2 { g4 f e d }
\alternative {
@end menu
@node Percent repeats
-@subsubsection Percent repeats
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Percent repeats
@cindex percent repeats
@cindex measure repeats
where @var{musicexpr} is a music expression.
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
-\relative c' {
- \repeat percent 4 { c4 }
- \repeat percent 2 { b'4 a g f }
- \repeat percent 2 { c2 es | f4 fis g c | }
-}
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+\repeat percent 4 { c4 }
+\repeat percent 2 { b4 a g f }
+\repeat percent 2 { c2 es | f4 fis g c | }
@end lilypond
+@snippets
+
+@c FIXME: email these to Valentin or Neil to be made into snippets
Measure repeats of more than two repeats get a counter if you switch
on the @code{countPercentRepeats} property:
-@lilypond[relative=2,fragment,quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
-\relative c' {
- \set countPercentRepeats = ##t
- \repeat percent 4 { c1 }
-}
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+\set countPercentRepeats = ##t
+\repeat percent 4 { c1 }
@end lilypond
-
Isolated percents can also be printed. This is done by entering a
multi-measure rest with a different print function:
-@lilypond[fragment,verbatim,quote]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
\override MultiMeasureRest #'stencil
= #ly:multi-measure-rest::percent
R1
@end lilypond
+@seealso
+
+Music Glossary: @rglos{percent repeat}, @rglos{simile}.
+
+Snippets: @rlsr{Repeats}.
+
+Internals Reference: @rinternals{RepeatSlash},
+@rinternals{PercentRepeat}, @rinternals{DoublePercentRepeat},
+@rinternals{DoublePercentRepeatCounter},
+@rinternals{PercentRepeatCounter}, @rinternals{PercentRepeatedMusic}.
@knownissues
durations, are supported.
-@seealso
-
-Music Glossary: @rglos{percent repeat}, @rglos{simile}.
-
-Snippets: @rlsr{Repeats}.
-
-Internals Reference: @rinternals{RepeatSlash},
-@rinternals{PercentRepeat}, @rinternals{DoublePercentRepeat},
-@rinternals{DoublePercentRepeatCounter},
-@rinternals{PercentRepeatCounter}, @rinternals{PercentRepeatedMusic}.
-
@node Tremolo repeats
-@subsubsection Tremolo repeats
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Tremolo repeats
Tremolos can take two forms: alternation between two chords or two
notes, and rapid repetition of a single
To place tremolo marks between notes, use @code{\repeat} with
tremolo style:
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
-\relative c' {
- \repeat tremolo 8 { c16 d }
- \repeat tremolo 4 { c16 d }
- \repeat tremolo 2 { c16 d }
-}
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=2]
+\repeat tremolo 8 { c16 d }
+\repeat tremolo 4 { c16 d }
+\repeat tremolo 2 { c16 d }
@end lilypond
The @code{\repeat tremolo} syntax expects exactly two notes within
the length is omitted, the last value (stored in
@code{tremoloFlags}) is used
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment]
-c'2:8 c':32 | c': c': |
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=2]
+c2:8 c:32
+c: c:
@end lilypond
-
-@knownissues
-
-
-Tremolos entered with @q{@code{:}[@var{number}]} do not carry over
-into the MIDI output.
-
-
@seealso
-@c Notation Reference: @re
+Snippets: @rlsr{Repeats}.
+
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff