The repeated music is not written out but enclosed between repeat bar
lines. If the repeat is at the beginning of a piece, a repeat bar
line is only printed at the end. Alternative endings (volte) are
-printed, left to right with brackets. This is the standard notation
+printed left to right with brackets. This is the standard notation
for repeats with alternatives.
@item unfold
entering repetitious music.
@item percent
-These are beat or measure repeats. They look like percent signs.
-Percent repeats must be declared within a @code{Voice} context.
+These are beat or measure repeats. They look like single slashes or
+percent signs.
@item tremolo
This is used to write tremolo beams.
@end table
-@ignore
-LilyPond has one syntactic construct for specifying different
-types of repeats. The syntax is
-
-@example
-\repeat @var{variant} @var{repeatcount} @var{musicexpr}
-@end example
-
-where @var{musicexpr} is a music expression.
-
-
-Alternative endings are entered with
-@funindex \alternative
-@example
-\alternative @{
- @var{alternative1}
- @var{alternative2}
- @var{alternative3}
- @dots{}
-@}
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-after a @code{\repeat volta} or @code{unfold} block, where each
-@var{alternative} is a music expression. If you give fewer
-alternatives than @var{repeatcount}, the first alternative is assumed
-to be played more than once.
-@end ignore
-
@menu
-* Writing long repeats::
+* Long repeats::
* Short repeats::
@end menu
-@node Writing long repeats
-@subsection Writing long repeats
+@node Long repeats
+@subsection Long repeats
+
+This section discusses how to input long (usually multi-measure)
+repeats. The repeats can take two forms: repeats enclosed between
+repeat signs; or written out repeats, used to input repetitious music.
+Repeat signs can also be controlled manually.
@menu
* Normal repeats::
* Manual repeat marks::
-* Written-out repeats::
+* Written-out repeats::
@end menu
@cindex volta
\repeat volta @var{repeatcount} @var{musicexpr}
@end example
-where @var{musicexpr} is a music expression. Alternate endings can
-be produced using @code{\alternative}.
+where @var{musicexpr} is a music expression. Alternate endings can be
+produced using @code{\alternative}. If there are more repeats than
+there are alternate endings, the earliest repeats are given the first
+alternative.
Normal repeats without alternate endings:
{ cis2 g' }
{ cis,2 b }
}
+\repeat volta 3 { c4 d e f }
+ \alternative {
+ { d2 e }
+ { f2 g }
+ }
c1
@end lilypond
-Repeats with upbeats:
+Repeats with upbeats can be entered in two ways:
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim,relative=2]
\new Staff {
@snippets
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc]
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
{shortening-volta-brackets.ly}
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc]
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
{adding-volta-brackets-to-additional-staves.ly}
@c Is there a way to have a final bar ("|.") at the end of the
@c previous line? Doesn't seem to be.
+@c It could be done by overriding
+@c the BreakAlignment property. Want a separate example?
If you want to start a repeat at the beginning of a line and have a
double bar at the end of the previous line, use @code{\bar}. For more
information, see @ref{Bar lines}.
Notation Reference: @ref{Bar lines}, @ref{Modifying context plug-ins}.
-Snippets: @lsrdir{Repeats,Repeats}.
+Snippets: @rlsr{Repeats}.
-Internals Reference: @internalsref{VoltaBracket},
-@internalsref{RepeatedMusic}, @internalsref{VoltaRepeatedMusic},
-@internalsref{UnfoldedRepeatedMusic}.
+Internals Reference: @rinternals{VoltaBracket},
+@rinternals{RepeatedMusic}, @rinternals{VoltaRepeatedMusic},
+@rinternals{UnfoldedRepeatedMusic}.
@knownissues
Timing information is not remembered at the start of an alternative,
so after a repeat timing information must be reset by hand; for
example, by setting @code{Score.measurePosition} or entering
-@code{\partial}. Similarly, slurs or ties are also not repeated.
+@code{\partial}. Similarly, slurs are also not repeated.
@funindex repeatCommands
-@c FIXME: Markup does not work in the "text" field
-@c And how does one change the font?
-@c On the whole, this section needs better documentation (why the
-@c double parentheses around the volta expressions?)
+@warning{These methods are only used for displaying unusual repeat
+constructs. In most cases, repeats should be created using the
+standard @code{\\repeat} command or by printing the relevant bar
+lines. For more information, see @ref{Bar lines}.}
The property @code{repeatCommands} can be used to control the
layout of repeats. Its value is a Scheme list of repeat commands.
-@table @asis
-@item @code{start-repeat}
+@table @code
+@item start-repeat
Print a @code{|:} bar line.
-@item @code{end-repeat}
-Print a @code{:|} bar line.
+@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,relative=2]
+c1
+\set Score.repeatCommands = #'( start-repeat )
+d4 e f g
+c1
+@end lilypond
+
+As per standard engraving practice, repeat signs are not printed
+at the beginning of a piece.
-@item @code{(volta @var{text})}
-Print a volta bracket saying @var{text}. The text can be specified as
-a text string or as a markup text, see @ref{Formatting text}. Do not
-forget to change the font, as the default number font does not contain
-alphabetic characters;
+@item end-repeat
+Print a @code{:|} bar line:
+@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,relative=2]
+c1
+d4 e f g
+\set Score.repeatCommands = #'( end-repeat )
+c1
+@end lilypond
+
+@item (volta @var{number})
+Create a new volta with the specified number:
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+f4 g a b
+\set Score.repeatCommands = #'( ( volta "2" ) )
+g4 a g a
+c1
+@end lilypond
+
+@item (volta #f)
+Stops a running volta bracket:
+
+@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,relative=2]
+c1
+\set Score.repeatCommands = #'( ( volta "2" ) )
+f4 g a b
+\set Score.repeatCommands = #'( ( volta #f ) )
+a4 g f e
+c1
+@end lilypond
-@item @code{(volta #f)}
-Stop a running volta bracket.
@end table
+Multiple repeat commands may occur at the same point:
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+f4 g a b
+\set Score.repeatCommands = #'( ( volta "2, 5" ) end-repeat )
+g4 a g a
+c1
+\set Score.repeatCommands = #'( ( volta #f ) ( volta "95" ) end-repeat )
+b1
+@end lilypond
+
+Text can be included with the volta bracket. The text can be a
+number or numbers or markup text, see @ref{Formatting text}. The
+simplest way to use markup text is to define the markup first,
+then include the the markup in a Scheme list.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+voltaAdLib = \markup { 1. 2. 3... \text \italic { ad lib. } }
+\relative c'' {
+ c1
+ \set Score.repeatCommands = #(list (list 'volta voltaAdLib) 'start-repeat)
+ c4 b d e
+ \set Score.repeatCommands = #'((volta #f) (volta "4.") end-repeat)
+ f1
+ \set Score.repeatCommands = #'((volta #f))
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+
+@snippets
+
+@c FIXME: send these to Neil or Valentin to be added as snippets,
+@c delete them.
+Manual control of the volte, including a @code{|:} bar line at the
+beginning and explicit volta numbers:
+
+@c FIXME: I can't believe this is right.
+@c TODO: I think it is. I plan
+@c to delete this example, since it's
+@c already been given at L238. rp
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+s1*1/10
+\set Score.repeatCommands = #'( start-repeat )
+c1*9/10
+d4 e f g
+\set Score.repeatCommands = #'( ( volta "1, 2, 5" ) )
+f4 g a b
+\set Score.repeatCommands = #'( ( volta #f ) ( volta "95" ) end-repeat )
+g4 a g a
+\set Score.repeatCommands = #'( ( volta #f ) )
+c1
+@end lilypond
+
+In order to print a @code{|:} bar line at the beginning of a piece,
+the @code{BreakAlignment} property must be overridden:
+
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,relative=2]
-c4
-\set Score.repeatCommands = #'((volta "93") end-repeat)
-c4 b
-\set Score.repeatCommands = #'((volta #f))
-d4 e
+\once \override Score.BreakAlignment #'break-align-orders =
+#(make-vector 3 '(
+instrument-name
+left-edge
+ambitus
+span-bar
+breathing-sign
+clef
+key-signature
+time-signature
+staff-bar
+custos
+span-bar
+))
+\bar "|:"
+c1
+d1
+d4 e f g
@end lilypond
-@c FIXME: improve visibility of bar lines link?
@seealso
-Notation Reference: @ref{Bar lines}, @ref{Formatting text}.
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Bar lines},
+@ref{Formatting text}.
-Snippets: @lsrdir{Repeats,Repeats}.
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Repeats}.
-Internals Reference: @internalsref{VoltaBracket},
-@internalsref{RepeatedMusic}, @internalsref{VoltaRepeatedMusic}.
+Internals Reference:
+@rinternals{VoltaBracket},
+@rinternals{RepeatedMusic},
+@rinternals{VoltaRepeatedMusic}.
@node Written-out repeats
@end example
where @var{musicexpr} is a music expression. Unfold repeats can be
-made with or without alternate endings. Unfold repeats without
-alternate endings:
+made with or without alternate endings. If there are more repeats
+than there are alternate endings, the first alternative ending is
+applied to the earliest endings. Unfold repeats without alternate
+endings:
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,relative=2]
c1
{ cis,2 b }
}
c1
+\repeat unfold 3 { d4 c b2 }
+ \alternative {
+ { c4 d e f }
+ { d4 c b a }
+ }
+c1
@end lilypond
@seealso
-Snippets: @lsrdir{Repeats,Repeats}.
+Snippets: @rlsr{Repeats}.
-Internals Reference: @internalsref{RepeatedMusic},
-@internalsref{UnfoldedRepeatedMusic}.
+Internals Reference: @rinternals{RepeatedMusic},
+@rinternals{UnfoldedRepeatedMusic}.
@node Short repeats
@subsection Short repeats
+This section discusses how to input short repeats. Short repeats can
+take two basic forms: repeats of a single note to two measures,
+represented by slashes or percent signs; and tremolos.
+
@menu
* Percent repeats::
* Tremolo repeats::
@cindex percent repeats
@cindex measure repeats
-Repeated short patterns of notes are also supported. The music is
-printed once, and the pattern is replaced with a special sign.
-Patterns of one and two measures are replaced by percent-like signs,
-patterns that are shorter than onee measure are replaced by slashes.
-Percent repeats must be declared within a @code{Voice} context. The
-syntax is
+Repeated short patterns of notes are supported. The music is printed
+once, and the pattern is replaced with a special sign. Patterns that
+are shorter than one measure are replaced by slashes, and patterns of
+one or two measures are replaced by percent-like signs. The syntax is
@example
@code{\repeat percent @var{number} @var{musicexpr}}
where @var{musicexpr} is a music expression.
@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
-\new Voice \relative c' {
+\relative c' {
\repeat percent 4 { c4 }
- \repeat percent 2 { b4 a g f }
+ \repeat percent 2 { b'4 a g f }
\repeat percent 2 { c2 es | f4 fis g c | }
}
@end lilypond
-Measure repeats of more than two measures get a counter if you
-switch on the @code{countPercentRepeats} property:
+Measure repeats of more than two repeats get a counter if you switch
+on the @code{countPercentRepeats} property:
@lilypond[relative=2,fragment,quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
-\new Voice {
+\relative c' {
\set countPercentRepeats = ##t
\repeat percent 4 { c1 }
}
@end lilypond
+@knownissues
+
+Only three kinds of percent repeats are supported: a single slash
+representing a single beat (regardless of the duration of the repeated
+notes); a single slash with dots representing one full measure; and
+two slashes with dots crossing a bar line representing two full
+measures. Neither multiple slashes representing single beat repeats
+consisting of sixteenth or shorter notes, nor two slashes with dots
+representing single beat repeats consisting of notes of varying
+durations, are supported.
+
+
@seealso
-Snippets: @lsrdir{Repeats,Repeats}.
+Music Glossary: @rglos{percent repeat}, @rglos{simile}.
+
+Snippets: @rlsr{Repeats}.
-Internals Reference: @internalsref{RepeatSlash},
-@internalsref{PercentRepeat}, @internalsref{DoublePercentRepeat},
-@internalsref{DoublePercentRepeatCounter},
-@internalsref{PercentRepeatCounter},
-@internalsref{PercentRepeatedMusic}.
+Internals Reference: @rinternals{RepeatSlash},
+@rinternals{PercentRepeat}, @rinternals{DoublePercentRepeat},
+@rinternals{DoublePercentRepeatCounter},
+@rinternals{PercentRepeatCounter}, @rinternals{PercentRepeatedMusic}.
@node Tremolo repeats
@subsubsection Tremolo repeats
+Tremolos can take two forms: alternation between two chords or two
+notes, and rapid repetition of a single
+note or chord. Tremolos consisting of an alternation are indicated by
+adding beams between the notes or chords being alternated, while
+tremolos consisting of the rapid repetition of a single note are
+indicated by adding beams or slashes to a single note.
+
@cindex tremolo beams
To place tremolo marks between notes, use @code{\repeat} with
tremolo style:
@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
-\new Voice \relative c' {
+\relative c' {
\repeat tremolo 8 { c16 d }
\repeat tremolo 4 { c16 d }
\repeat tremolo 2 { c16 d }
@seealso
-Notation Reference: @ref{Tremolo repeats}.
-
-Internals Reference: @internalsref{Beam}, @internalsref{StemTremolo}.
-
-Snippets: @lsrdir{Repeats,Repeats}.
-
-Elsewhere: @internalsref{StemTremolo}.
-
-
-
-
+Snippets: @rlsr{Repeats}.
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff