@seealso
-@internalsref{OttavaBracket}.
+@internalsref{OttavaSpanner}.
@refbugs
@lilypond[verbatim]
\score { \notes \relative c'' {
#(set-time-signature 9 8 '(2 2 2 3))
- g8-[ g-] d-[ d-] g-[ g-] a8-[-( bes g-]-) |
+ g8[ g] d[ d] g[ g] a8[( bes g]) |
#(set-time-signature 5 8 '(3 2))
a4. g4
}
\property Staff.NoteCollision \override
#'merge-differently-dotted = ##t
g8 g8
- } \\ { g8.-[ f16-] g8.-[ f16-] }
+ } \\ { g8.[ f16] g8.[ f16] }
>
@end lilypond
@lilypond[fragment,relative,verbatim]
\context Staff {
- r4 r8-[ g' a r8-] r8 g-[ | a-] r8
+ r4 r8[ g' a r8] r8 g[ | a] r8
}
@end lilypond
@lilypond[fragment,relative,verbatim]
\context Staff {
- f8-[ r16 f g a-]
- f8-[ r16 \property Voice.stemLeftBeamCount = #1 f g a-]
+ f8[ r16 f g a]
+ f8[ r16 \property Voice.stemLeftBeamCount = #1 f g a]
}
@end lilypond
@cindex @code{stemRightBeamCount}
@lilypond[relative=1,verbatim,noindent]
- c16-[ c c c c c c c-]
+ c16[ c c c c c c c]
\property Voice.subdivideBeams = ##t
- c16-[ c c c c c c c-]
+ c16[ c c c c c c c]
\property Score.beatLength = #(ly:make-moment 1 8)
- c16-[ c c c c c c c-]
+ c16[ c c c c c c c]
@end lilypond
@cindex subdivideBeams
between the note heads. This behavior can be tuned through the object
property @code{auto-knee-gap}.
+Normally, line breaks are forbidden when beams cross bar lines. This
+behavior can be changed by setting @code{allowBeamBreak}.
+
+@cindex @code{allowBeamBreak}
+@cindex beams and line breaks
+
@cindex beams, kneed
@cindex kneed beams
@cindex auto-knee-gap
\property Voice.autoBeamSettings
\override #'(end * * * *) = #(ly:make-moment 3 8)
% rather show case where it goes wrong
- %\time 12/8 c'8 c c c16 c c c c c c-[ c c c-] c8-[ c-] c4
+ %\time 12/8 c'8 c c c16 c c c c c c[ c c c] c8[ c] c4
\time 12/8 c'8 c c c16 c c c c c c c c c c8 c c4
@end lilypond
It is not possible to specify beaming parameters that act differently in
They are entered using parentheses:
@lilypond[fragment,verbatim,center]
- f'-( g'-)-( a'-) a'8-[ b'-(-] a'4 g'2 f'4-)
- <<c' e'>>2-( <<b d'>>2-)
+ f'( g')( a') a'8[ b'(] a'4 g'2 f'4)
+ <<c' e'>>2( <<b d'>>2)
@end lilypond
@lilypond[fragment,relative,verbatim]
\slurUp
\property Voice.Stem \set #'length = #5.5
- g'8-(g g4-)
+ g'8(g g4)
\property Voice.Slur \set #'attachment = #'(stem . stem)
- g8-( g g4-)
+ g8( g g4)
@end lilypond
If a slur would strike through a stem or beam, the slur will be moved
@lilypond[fragment,relative,verbatim]
\stemUp \slurUp
- d32-( d'4 d8..-)
+ d32( d'4 d8..)
\property Voice.Slur \set #'attachment = #'(stem . stem)
- d,32-( d'4 d8..-)
+ d,32( d'4 d8..)
@end lilypond
@refcommands
respectively:
@lilypond[fragment,verbatim,center,relative]
- \time 6/4 c'-\( d-( e-) f-( e-) d-\)
+ \time 6/4 c'-\( d( e) f( e) d-\)
@end lilypond
Typographically, the phrasing slur behaves almost exactly like a
@seealso
-@internalsref{TempoEvent}.
+@internalsref{MetronomeChangeEvent}.
@lilypondfile[notexidoc]{script-abbreviations.ly}
+The meanings of these shorthands can be changed: see
+@file{ly/script-init.ly} for examples.
+
+
The script is automatically placed, but if you need to force
directions, you can use @code{_} to force them down, or @code{^} to
put them up:
c''4^^ c''4_^
@end lilypond
-
-
-
Other symbols can be added using the syntax
@var{note}@code{-\}@var{name}, e.g. @code{c4-\fermata}. Again, they
can be forced up or down using @code{^} and @code{_}:
played with your thumb (used in cello music):
@lilypond[verbatim, singleline, fragment]
- <<a' a''-3>>8-(_\thumb-[ <<b' b''-3>>-)_\thumb
- <<c'' c'''-3>>-(_\thumb <<d'' d'''-3>>-)_\thumb-]
+ <<a' a''-3>>8(_\thumb[ <<b' b''-3>>)_\thumb
+ <<c'' c'''-3>>(_\thumb <<d'' d'''-3>>)_\thumb]
@end lilypond
Fingerings for chords can also be added to individual notes
@node Grace notes
@subsection Grace notes
+
+@c should have blurb about accaciatura / appogiatura
+
@cindex @code{\grace}
@cindex ornaments
@cindex grace notes
-Grace notes are ornaments that are written out:
-
+Grace notes are ornaments that are written out, like accaciatura and
+appogiatura notes.
@lilypond[relative=2,verbatim,fragment] c4 \grace c16 c4 \grace {
[c16 d16] } c4
@end lilypond
-In normal notation, grace notes take up no logical
-time in a measure. Such an idea is practical for normal notation, but
-is not strict enough to put it into a program. The model that LilyPond
-uses for grace notes internally is that all timing is done in two
-steps:
-
-Every point in musical time consists of two rational numbers: one
-denotes the logical time, one denotes the grace timing. The above
-example is shown here with timing tuples:
+From the point of view of typesetting, their characteristic is that
+grace notes take up take up no logical time in a measure. Internally,
+timing for grace notes is done using a second time. Every point in
+musical time consists of two rational numbers: one denotes the logical
+time, one denotes the grace timing. The above example is shown here
+with timing tuples:
@lilypond[]
\score { \notes \relative c''{
c4^"(0,0)" \grace c16_" "_"(1/4,-1/16)" c4^"(1/4,0)" \grace {
- c16_"(2/4,-1/8)"-[ d16^"(2/4,-1/16)" ] } c4_" "_"(2/4,0)"
+ c16_"(2/4,-1/8)"[ d16^"(2/4,-1/16)" ] } c4_" "_"(2/4,0)"
}
\paper { linewidth = 12.\cm }
}
every eighth grace note:
@lilypond[relative=2,verbatim,fragment]
-< \context Staff = SA { e4 \grace { c16-[ d e f-] } e4 }
- \context Staff = SB { c'4 \grace { g8-[ b-] } c4 } >
+< \context Staff = SA { e4 \grace { c16[ d e f] } e4 }
+ \context Staff = SB { c'4 \grace { g8[ b] } c4 } >
@end lilypond
Unbeamed eighth notes and shorter by default have a slash through the
-stem. This can be controlled with object property @code{stroke-style} of
-@internalsref{Stem}. For proper matching of override and reverts of
-such properties, it is necessary to use a Scheme function.
+stem. These notes are called accaciaturas, and should generally be
+played as short as possible. An appogiatura takes a fixed fraction of
+the main note, is and denoted without a slash.
+
+Such slashless notes are obtained by setting the object property
+@code{stroke-style} of the @internalsref{Stem} object. For proper
+matching of override and reverts of such properties, it is necessary
+to use a Scheme function.
The following fragment overrides the default formatting Grace style stems:
@example
@lilypond[fragment,verbatim]
\relative c'' \context Voice {
- \grace c8 c4 \grace { c16-[ c16-] } c4
+ \grace c8 c4 \grace { c16[ c16] } c4
\grace {
\property Voice.Stem \override #'stroke-style = #'()
c16
@lilypond[fragment,verbatim, relative=2]
\context Voice {
< { d1^\trill ( }
- { s2 \grace { c16-[ d-] } } >
+ { s2 \grace { c16[ d] } } >
)c4
}
@end lilypond
\relative c'' \context Voice {
\slurUp
\grace {
- a4-( }
- ) a4 a4-( a2-)
+ a4( }
+ ) a4 a4( a2)
\slurBoth
\grace {
\slurUp
- a4-( }
- ) a4 a4-( a2-)
+ a4( }
+ ) a4 a4( a2)
\slurBoth
}
@end lilypond
< f''1 { s4 s4-\< s4-\! \> s4-\! } >
@end lilypond
This may give rise to very short hairpins. Use @code{minimum-length}
-in @internalsref{Voice}.@internalsref{HairPin} to lengthen them, for
+in @internalsref{Voice}.@internalsref{Hairpin} to lengthen them, for
example:
@example
included with the distribution as @inputfileref{input/test,stem-cross-staff.ly}.
Dynamics are not centered, but kludges do exist. See
-@inputfileref{input/templates,piano-dynamics.ly}.
+@inputfileref{input/template,piano-dynamics.ly}.
@cindex cross staff stem
@cindex stem, cross staff
@cindex choral score
A complete example of a SATB score setup is in the file
-@inputfileref{input/template,satb}.
+@inputfileref{input/template,satb.ly}.
@seealso
@internalsref{LyricCombineMusic}, @internalsref{Lyrics}, and
-@inputfileref{input/template,satb}.
+@inputfileref{input/template,satb.ly}.
@refbugs
Then set the @internalsref{LyricsVoice} contexts to names starting with
that identity followed by a dash. In the preceding example, the
@internalsref{Voice} identity is @code{duet}, so the identities of the
-@internalsref{LyricsVoices} are marked @code{duet-1} and @code{duet-2}:
+@internalsref{LyricsVoice}s are marked @code{duet-1} and @code{duet-2}:
@example
\context LyricsVoice = "duet-1" @{
Hi, my name is bert. @}
Bar numbers can collide with the @internalsref{StaffGroup} bracket, if
there is one at the top. To solve this, the
-@internalsref{padding} property of @internalsref{BarNumber} can be
+@code{padding} property of @internalsref{BarNumber} can be
used to position the number correctly.
@node Instrument names
\context Staff <
\context Voice=one \partcombine Voice
\context Thread=one \relative c'' {
- g a-( b-) r
+ g a( b) r
}
\context Thread=two \relative c'' {
g r4 r f
\context VaticanaVoice {
\property Score.BarNumber \set #'transparent = ##t
\notes {
- \[ c'( c' \flexa a \] \[ a \flexa \deminutum g-) \] f \divisioMinima
- \[ f( \pes a c' c' \pes d'-) \] c' \divisioMinima \break
- \[ c'( c' \flexa a \] \[ a \flexa \deminutum g-) \] f \divisioMinima
+ \[ c'( c' \flexa a \] \[ a \flexa \deminutum g) \] f \divisioMinima
+ \[ f( \pes a c' c' \pes d') \] c' \divisioMinima \break
+ \[ c'( c' \flexa a \] \[ a \flexa \deminutum g) \] f \divisioMinima
}
}
\context Lyrics \lyrics {
@lilypondfile[notexidoc]{cluster.ly}
-By default, @internalsref{Cluster_engraver} is in the
+By default, @internalsref{Cluster_spanner_engraver} is in the
@internalsref{Voice} context. This allows putting ordinary notes and
clusters together in the same staff, even simultaneously. In such a
case no attempt is made to automatically avoid collisions between
@internalsref{ClusterSpanner}, @internalsref{ClusterSpannerBeacon},
@inputfileref{input/regression,cluster.ly},
-@internalsref{Cluster_engraver}, and @internalsref{ClusterNoteEvent}.
+@internalsref{Cluster_spanner_engraver}, and @internalsref{ClusterNoteEvent}.
@refbugs
Syntax errors for markup mode are confusing.
+Markup texts cannot be used in the titling of the @code{\header}
+field. Titles are made by La@TeX{}, so La@TeX{} commands should be used
+for formatting.
+
@cindex staff distance
@cindex between staves, distance
@cindex staffs per page
-
+@cindex space between staves
The height of each system is determined automatically by LilyPond, to
keep systems from bumping into each other, some minimum distances are
half a NHW:
@lilypond[fragment, verbatim, relative=2]
- c2 c4. c8 c4. c16-[ c-] c4. c8 c8 c8 c4 c4 c4
+ c2 c4. c8 c4. c16[ c] c4. c8 c8 c8 c4 c4 c4
@end lilypond
The most common shortest duration is determined as follows: in every
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff