@c Note:
@c
-@c A menu is needed before every deeper *section nesting of @nodes
-@c Run M-x texinfo-all-menus-update
-@c to automagically fill in these menus
-@c before saving changes
+@c A menu is needed before every deeper *section nesting of @node's; run
+@c M-x texinfo-all-menus-update
+@c to automagically fill in these menus before saving changes
-@
-
@macro refbugs
@strong{BUGS}
@node Reference Manual
@chapter Reference Manual
+@html
+<!--- @@WEB-TITLE@@=Reference Manual --->
+@end html
+
This document describes GNU LilyPond and its input format. The last
revision of this document was made for LilyPond 1.4.1. It supposes a
passing familiarity with how LilyPond input works. New users are
@lilypond[fragment, relative, singleline, verbatim]
\property Voice.tupletSpannerDuration = #(make-moment 1 4)
-\times 2/3 { c''8 c c c c c }
+\times 2/3 { c'8 c c c c c }
@end lilypond
The format of the number is determined by the property
@example
\property Staff.clefGlyph = @var{glyph associated with clefname}
\property Staff.clefPosition = @var{clef Y-position for clefname}
+ \property Staff.centralCPosition = @var{position for central C}
\property Staff.clefOctavation = @var{extra transposition of clefname}
@end example
The value of @code{autoBeamSettings} is changed using
@code{\override} and unset using @code{\revert}:
@example
-\property Voice.autoBeamSettings \override #'(@var{BE} @var{N} @var{M} @var{P} @var{Q}) = @var{dur}
-\property Voice.autoBeamSettings \revert #'(@var{BE} @var{N} @var{M} @var{P} @var{Q})
+\property Voice.autoBeamSettings \override #'(@var{BE} @var{P} @var{Q} @var{N} @var{M}) = @var{dur}
+\property Voice.autoBeamSettings \revert #'(@var{BE} @var{P} @var{Q} @var{N} @var{M})
@end example
Here, @var{BE} is the symbol @code{begin} or @code{end}. It determines
whether the rule applies to begin or end-points. The quantity
-@var{N}/@var{M} refers to a time signature (wildcards, `@code{* *}' may
-be entered to designate all time signatures), @var{P}/@var{Q} refers to
-the length of the beamed notes (and `@code{* *}' designates notes of any
-length).
+@var{P}/@var{Q} refers to the length of the beamed notes (and `@code{*
+*}' designates notes of any length), @var{N}/@var{M} refers to a time
+signature (wildcards, `@code{* *}' may be entered to designate all time
+signatures).
For example, if you want automatic beams to end on every quarter note,
you can use the following:
You can also restrict rules to specific time signatures. A rule that
should only be applied in @var{N}/@var{M} time signature is formed by
-replacing the first asterisks by @var{N} and @var{M}. For example, a
+replacing the second asterisks by @var{N} and @var{M}. For example, a
rule for 6/8 time exclusively looks like
@example
\property Voice.autoBeamSettings \override
- #'(begin 6 8 * *) = ...
+ #'(begin * * 6 8) = ...
@end example
If you want a rule to apply to certain types of beams, you can use the
-second pair of asterisks. Beams are classified according to the shortest
+first pair of asterisks. Beams are classified according to the shortest
note they contain. For a beam ending rule that only applies to beams
-with 32nd notes (and no shorter notes), you would use @code{(end * * 1
-32)}.
+with 32nd notes (and no shorter notes), you would use @code{(end 1
+32 * *)}.
@c not true
@c Automatic beams can not be put on the last note in a score.
@lilypond[fragment,relative,verbatim]
\context Staff {
- r4 [r8 g'' a r8] r8 [g | a] r8
+ r4 [r8 g' a r8] r8 [g | a] r8
}
@end lilypond
Whenever an manual beam is busy, the automatic beamer will not produce
@lilypond[fragment,relative,verbatim]
\context Staff {
- [f'8 r16 f g a]
+ [f8 r16 f g a]
[f8 r16 \property Voice.stemLeftBeamCount = #1 f g a]
}
@end lilypond
@lilypond[fragment,relative,verbatim]
\property Voice.Beam \set #'direction = #1
\property Voice.Beam \set #'height = #0
- [a''8 e' d c]
+ [a'8 e' d c]
@end lilypond
Here's how you'd specify a weird looking beam that instead of being
@lilypond[fragment,relative,verbatim]
\property Voice.Beam \set #'staff-position = #4
\property Voice.Beam \set #'height = #-4
- [c'8 c]
+ [c8 c]
@end lilypond
@cindex @code{default-neutral-direction}
@lilypond[fragment,relative,verbatim]
\property Voice.Slur \set #'direction = #1
\property Voice.Stem \set #'length = #5.5
- g''8(g)g4
+ g'8(g)g4
\property Voice.Slur \set #'attachment = #'(stem . stem)
g8(g)g4
@end lilypond
@lilypond[fragment,relative,verbatim]
\property Voice.Stem \set #'direction = #1
\property Voice.Slur \set #'direction = #1
- d'32( d'4 )d8..
+ d32( d'4 )d8..
\property Voice.Slur \set #'attachment = #'(stem . stem)
d,32( d'4 )d8..
@end lilypond
@lilypond[verbatim,singleline,relative]
\property Voice.Beam \override #'direction = #-1
\property Voice.Slur \override #'direction = #1
- c'16( a' f' a a f a, )c,
+ c16( a' f' a a f a, )c,
c( a' f' a a f d, )c
\property Voice.Slur \override #'beautiful = #5.0
c( a' f' a a f d, )c
respectively.
@lilypond[fragment,verbatim,center,relative]
- \time 6/4 c'' \( ( d ) e f ( e ) \) d
+ \time 6/4 c' \( ( d ) e f ( e ) \) d
@end lilypond
Typographically, the phrasing slur behaves almost exactly like a normal
c''-\rtoe c''-\turn c''-\open c''-\flageolet
c''-\reverseturn c''-\trill c''-\prall c''-\mordent
c''-\prallprall c''-\prallmordent c''-\upprall c''-\downprall
- c''-\thumb c''-\segno c''-\coda
+ c''-\upmordent c''-\downmordent c''-\pralldown c''-\prallup
+ c''-\lineprall c''-\thumb c''-\segno c''-\coda
}
\context Lyrics \lyrics {
accent__ marcato__ staccatissimo__ fermata
rtoe__ turn__ open__ flageolet
reverseturn__ trill__ prall__ mordent
prallprall__ prallmordent__ uprall__ downprall
- thumb__ segno__ coda
+ upmordent__ downmordent__ pralldown__ prallup__
+ lineprall__ thumb__ segno__ coda
}
>
\paper {
@lilypond[fragment,verbatim]
\relative c'' {
\grace c8 c4 \grace { [c16 c16] } c4
- \grace { \property Grace.Stem \override #'flag-style = #'() c16 } c4
+ \grace {
+ \property Voice.Stem \override #'flag-style = #'()
+ c16
+ \property Voice.Stem \revert #'flag-style
+ } c4
}
@end lilypond
@code{\glissando} to a note:
@lilypond[fragment,relative,verbatim]
- c''-\glissando c'
+ c'-\glissando c'
@end lilypond
@refbugs
@code{\sp}, @code{\spp}, @code{\sfz}, and @code{\rfz}.
@lilypond[verbatim,singleline,fragment,relative]
- c''\ppp c\pp c \p c\mp c\mf c\f c\ff c\fff
+ c'\ppp c\pp c \p c\mp c\mf c\f c\ff c\fff
c2\sf c\rfz
@end lilypond
\context Voice {
\property Voice.crescendoText = "cresc."
\property Voice.crescendoSpanner = #'dashed-line
- a''2\mf\< a a \!a
+ a'2\mf\< a a \!a
}
@end lilypond
is to be expected that more functionality -- especially for the MIDI
backend -- will be implemented at some point in the future.
-Volta repeats are printed over all staffs in a score. You must turn them
+Volta repeats are printed over all staves in a score. You must turn them
off explicitly, for example by doing
@example
\property Staff.VoltaBracket = \turnOff
@menu
-* Rhythmic staffs::
+* Rhythmic staves::
@end menu
-@node Rhythmic staffs
-@subsection Rhythmic staffs
+@node Rhythmic staves
+@subsection Rhythmic staves
Sometimes you might want to show only the rhythm of a melody. This can
be done with the rhythmic staff. All pitches of notes on such a staff
@node Piano music
@section Piano music
-Piano music is an odd type of notation. Piano staffs are two normal
-staffs coupled with a brace. The staffs are largely independent, but
-sometimes voices can cross between the two staffs. The
+Piano music is an odd type of notation. Piano staves are two normal
+staves coupled with a brace. The staves are largely independent, but
+sometimes voices can cross between the two staves. The
@code{PianoStaff} is especially built to handle this cross-staffing
behavior. In this section we discuss the @code{PianoStaff} and some
other pianistic peculiarities.
@cindex manual staff switches
@cindex staff switch, manual
-Voices can be switched between staffs manually, using the following command:
+Voices can be switched between staves manually, using the following command:
@example
\translator Staff = @var{staffname} @var{music}
@end example
@lilypond[fragment,relative,verbatim]
- \context Voice <c'\arpeggio e g c>
+ \context Voice <c\arpeggio e g c>
@end lilypond
-When an arpeggio crosses staffs in piano music, you attach an arpeggio
-to the chords in both staffs, and set
+When an arpeggio crosses staves in piano music, you attach an arpeggio
+to the chords in both staves, and set
@code{PianoStaff.connectArpeggios}.
@lilypond[fragment,relative,verbatim]
\context PianoStaff <
\property PianoStaff.connectArpeggios = ##t
- \context Voice = one { <c''\arpeggio e g c> }
+ \context Voice = one { <c'\arpeggio e g c> }
\context Voice = other { \clef bass <c,,\arpeggio e g>}
>
@end lilypond
\context PianoStaff <
\property PianoStaff.followVoice = ##t
\context Staff \context Voice {
- c'1
+ c1
\translator Staff=two
b2 a
}
* Sound output for transposing instruments::
* Multi measure rests::
* Automatic part combining::
-* Hara kiri staffs::
+* Hara kiri staves::
@end menu
@c . {Rehearsal marks}
@cindex @code{Voice_engraver}
@cindex @code{A2_engraver}
-@node Hara kiri staffs
-@subsection Hara kiri staffs
+@node Hara kiri staves
+@subsection Hara kiri staves
In orchestral scores, staff lines that only have rests are usually removed.
This saves some space. LilyPond also supports this through the hara
output}).
@lilypond[fragment,relative,verbatim]
- a''^"3 $\\times$ \\`a deux"
+ a'^"3 $\\times$ \\`a deux"
@end lilypond
You can also use raw PostScript commands embedded in text scripts. This
@refbugs
+
There is no mechanism to select magnification of particular fonts,
meaning that you don't have access to continuously scaled fonts.
#(set! point-and-click line-column-location)
@end example
+One final hint: if you correct large files with point-and-click, then
+start correcting at the end of the file. When you start at the top, and
+insert one line, all subsequent locations will be off by a line.
@refbugs
will complain about not finding @code{src:X:Y} files. Those complaints
are harmless, and can be ignored.
-When using @code{line-column-location}, the cursor will be one off; it
-will not jump to the exact note that you clicked, but to the next one.
-
-[FIXME]
-
@node Skipping corrected music
@section Skipping corrected music
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff