* Tablatures::
* Chord names::
* Orchestral music::
-* Ancient notation ::
+* Ancient notation::
* Contemporary notation::
* Tuning output::
* Global layout::
* Stems::
* Ties::
* Tuplets::
-* Easy Notation note heads ::
+* Easy Notation note heads::
@end menu
@seealso
-@noindent
-
-bla
-
-@internalsref{NoteEvent}, and @internalsref{NoteHead}.
+Internals: @internalsref{NoteEvent}, and @internalsref{NoteHead}.
@node Chromatic alterations
@subsection Chromatic alterations
articulations, just like simple notes.
-@node Rests
+@node Rests
@subsection Rests
@cindex Rests
@seealso
-@internalsref{RestEvent}, and @internalsref{Rest}.
+Internals: @internalsref{RestEvent}, and @internalsref{Rest}.
@c FIXME: naming.
@seealso
-@internalsref{SkipEvent}.
+Internals: @internalsref{SkipEvent}.
@seealso
-@internalsref{Dots}, and @internalsref{DotColumn}.
+Internals: @internalsref{Dots}, and @internalsref{DotColumn}.
@refbugs
@seealso
-@internalsref{TieEvent}, @internalsref{NewTieEvent},
-@internalsref{Tie}, and @ref{Automatic note splitting}.
+In this manual: @ref{Automatic note splitting}.
-If you want less
-ties created for a chord, see @inputfileref{input/test,tie-sparse.ly}.
+Internals: @internalsref{TieEvent}, @internalsref{NewTieEvent},
+@internalsref{Tie}
+Examples: if you want less ties created for a chord, see
+@inputfileref{input/test,tie-sparse.ly}.
-For tieing only a subset of the note heads of a pair of chords, see
+For tying only a subset of the note heads of a pair of chords, see
@inputfileref{input/regression,tie-chord-partial.ly}.
@refbugs
@seealso
-@internalsref{TupletBracket}, and @internalsref{TimeScaledMusic}.
+Internals: @internalsref{TupletBracket}, and @internalsref{TimeScaledMusic}.
@refbugs
Nested tuplets are not formatted automatically. In this case, outer
tuplet brackets should be moved manually.
-@node Easy Notation note heads
+@node Easy Notation note heads
@subsection Easy Notation note heads
@cindex easy notation
* Octave check::
* Bar check::
* Skipping corrected music::
-* Automatic note splitting ::
+* Automatic note splitting::
@end menu
}
@end lilypond
-
-
@node Bar check
@subsection Bar check
@cindex Bar check
\time 3/4 c2 e4 | g2 |
@end example
+Bar checks can also be used in lyrics, for example
+
+@example
+ \lyrics @{
+ \time 2/4
+ Twin -- kle | Twin -- kle
+ @}
+@end example
@cindex skipTypesetting
c d b bes a g c2 }
@end lilypond
-@node Automatic note splitting
+@node Automatic note splitting
@subsection Automatic note splitting
Long notes can be converted automatically to tied notes. This is done
@cindex thickness of staff lines, setting
@cindex number of staff lines, setting
-This object is created whenever a @internalsref{Staff} context is
-created. The appearance of the staff symbol cannot be changed by
-using @code{\override} or @code{\set}. At the moment that
-@code{\property Staff} is interpreted, a @internalsref{Staff} context
-is made, and the @internalsref{StaffSymbol} is created before any
-@code{\override} is effective. Properties can be changed in a
-@code{\translator} definition, or by using @code{\applyoutput}.
+@seealso
+
+Internals: @internalsref{StaffSymbol},
+
+Examples: @inputfileref{input/test,staff-lines.ly},
+@inputfileref{input/test,staff-size.ly}
@refbugs
@seealso
-@internalsref{KeyChangeEvent}, and @internalsref{KeySignature}.
+Internals: @internalsref{KeyChangeEvent}, and @internalsref{KeySignature}.
@cindex @code{keySignature}
@seealso
-The object for this symbol is @internalsref{Clef}.
+Internals: the object for this symbol is @internalsref{Clef}.
@seealso
-@internalsref{TimeSignature}, and @internalsref{Timing_engraver}.
+Internals: @internalsref{TimeSignature}, and @internalsref{Timing_engraver}.
@refbugs
\bar ":|" c
\bar ".|" c
\bar ".|." c
-\bar "|."
+\bar "|." c
+\bar ":" c
@end lilypond
For allowing linebreaks, there is a special command,
@example
@seealso
-@ref{Repeats}.
+In this manual: @ref{Repeats}.
-The bar line objects that are created at @internalsref{Staff} level
-are called @internalsref{BarLine}, the bar lines that span staves are
-@internalsref{SpanBar}s.
+Internals: the bar line objects that are created at
+@internalsref{Staff} level are called @internalsref{BarLine}, the bar
+lines that span staves are @internalsref{SpanBar}s.
@cindex bar lines at start of system
@cindex start of system
The barlines at the start of each system are
@internalsref{SystemStartBar}, @internalsref{SystemStartBrace}, and
-@internalsref{SystemStartBracket}. They are spanner objects and
-typically must be tuned from a @code{\translator} block.
+@internalsref{SystemStartBracket}. Only one of these types is created
+in every context, and that type is determined by the property
+@code{systemStartDelimiter}.
+Examples: @inputfileref{input/test,bar-lines.ly},
@node Polyphony
@section Polyphony
}
@end lilypond
-The separator causes @internalsref{Voice} contexts to be
-instantiated. They
-bear the names @code{"1"}, @code{"2"}, etc. In each of these
-contexts, vertical direction of slurs, stems, etc. is set
+The separator causes @internalsref{Voice} contexts@footnote{Polyphonic
+voices are sometimes called "layers" other notation packages}
+@cindex layers
+to be instantiated. They bear the names @code{"1"}, @code{"2"}, etc. In
+each of these contexts, vertical direction of slurs, stems, etc. is set
appropriately.
This can also be done by instantiating @internalsref{Voice} contexts
@seealso
-The objects responsible for resolving collisions are
-@internalsref{NoteCollision} and @internalsref{RestCollision}. See
-also example files @inputfileref{input/regression,collision-dots.ly},
+Internals: the objects responsible for resolving collisions are
+@internalsref{NoteCollision} and @internalsref{RestCollision}.
+
+Examples: See also example files
+@inputfileref{input/regression,collision-dots.ly},
@inputfileref{input/regression,collision-head-chords.ly},
@inputfileref{input/regression,collision-heads.ly},
@inputfileref{input/regression,collision-mesh.ly}, and
When using @code{merge-differently-headed} with an upstem 8th or a shorter
note, and a downstem half note, the 8th note gets the wrong offset.
+There is no support for clusters where the same note occurs with
+different accidentals in the same chord. In this case, it is
+recommended to use enharmonic transcription, or to use special cluster
+notation (see @ref{Clusters}).
+
@node Beaming
@section Beaming
@seealso
-@internalsref{Beam}.
+Internals: @internalsref{Beam}.
@cindex Automatic beams
@menu
-* Setting automatic beam behavior ::
+* Setting automatic beam behavior::
@end menu
@ignore
@end ignore
-@node Setting automatic beam behavior
+@node Setting automatic beam behavior
@subsection Setting automatic beam behavior
@cindex @code{autoBeamSettings}
@seealso
-@internalsref{Accidental_engraver}, @internalsref{Accidental}, and
-@internalsref{AccidentalPlacement}.
+Internals: @internalsref{Accidental_engraver},
+@internalsref{Accidental}, and @internalsref{AccidentalPlacement}.
@refbugs
@c fingering?
@menu
-* Slurs ::
+* Slurs::
* Phrasing slurs::
* Breath marks::
* Metronome marks::
* Fingering instructions::
* Text scripts::
* Grace notes::
-* Glissando ::
+* Glissando::
* Dynamics::
@end menu
-@node Slurs
+@node Slurs
@subsection Slurs
@cindex Slurs
@seealso
-@seeinternals{Slur}, and @internalsref{SlurEvent}.
+Internals: @seeinternals{Slur}, and @internalsref{SlurEvent}.
@refbugs
@seealso
-See also @internalsref{PhrasingSlur}, and
+Internals: see also @internalsref{PhrasingSlur}, and
@internalsref{PhrasingSlurEvent}.
@refbugs
@seealso
-@internalsref{BreathingSign}, @internalsref{BreathingSignEvent}, and
-@inputfileref{input/regression,breathing-sign.ly}.
+Internals: @internalsref{BreathingSign},
+@internalsref{BreathingSignEvent}
+
+Examples: @inputfileref{input/regression,breathing-sign.ly}.
@node Metronome marks
@seealso
-@internalsref{MetronomeChangeEvent}.
+Internals: @internalsref{MetronomeChangeEvent}.
@seealso
-@internalsref{TextSpanEvent},
-@internalsref{TextSpanner}, and
-@inputfileref{input/regression,text-spanner.ly}.
+Internals @internalsref{TextSpanEvent},
+@internalsref{TextSpanner}.
+
+Examples: @inputfileref{input/regression,text-spanner.ly}.
@node Analysis brackets
@seealso
-@internalsref{HorizontalBracket}, @internalsref{NoteGroupingEvent}, and
-@inputfileref{input/regression,note-group-bracket.ly}.
+Internals: @internalsref{HorizontalBracket},
+@internalsref{NoteGroupingEvent}
+
+Examples: @inputfileref{input/regression,note-group-bracket.ly}.
@node Articulations
@seealso
-@internalsref{ScriptEvent}, and @internalsref{Script}.
+Internals: @internalsref{ScriptEvent}, and @internalsref{Script}.
@refbugs
@seealso
-@internalsref{FingerEvent}, and @internalsref{Fingering}.
+Internals: @internalsref{FingerEvent}, and @internalsref{Fingering}.
@node Text scripts
@subsection Text scripts
@cindex Text scripts
+@cindex text items, non-empty
+@cindex non-empty texts
+
It is possible to place arbitrary strings of text or markup text (see
@ref{Text markup}) above or below notes by using a string:
@code{c^"text"}. By default, these indications do not influence the
be avoided because the exact dimensions of the string can then no
longer be computed.
+@refcommands
+
+@refcommand{fatText}, @refcommand{emptyText}.
+
@seealso
-@internalsref{TextScriptEvent}, @internalsref{TextScript}, and
-@ref{Text markup}.
+In this manual: @ref{Text markup}.
+
+Internals: @internalsref{TextScriptEvent}, @internalsref{TextScript}
+
@seealso
-@internalsref{GraceMusic}.
+Internals: @internalsref{GraceMusic}.
@refbugs
and acciaccatura.
-@node Glissando
+@node Glissando
@subsection Glissando
@cindex Glissando
@seealso
-@internalsref{Glissando}, and @internalsref{GlissandoEvent}.
+Internals: @internalsref{Glissando}, and @internalsref{GlissandoEvent}.
@refbugs
@seealso
-@internalsref{CrescendoEvent}, @internalsref{DecrescendoEvent}, and
+Internals: @internalsref{CrescendoEvent}, @internalsref{DecrescendoEvent}, and
@internalsref{AbsoluteDynamicEvent}.
Dynamics are objects of @internalsref{DynamicText} and
@inputfileref{input,star-spangled-banner.ly}.
@end ignore
+@c tremolo, beamed
@item tremolo
Make tremolo beams.
@seealso
-@internalsref{VoltaBracket}, @internalsref{RepeatedMusic},
+Internals: @internalsref{VoltaBracket}, @internalsref{RepeatedMusic},
@internalsref{VoltaRepeatedMusic},
@internalsref{UnfoldedRepeatedMusic}, and
@internalsref{FoldedRepeatedMusic}.
To place tremolo marks between notes, use @code{\repeat} with tremolo
style:
-@lilypond[verbatim,center,singleline]
+@lilypond[verbatim,singleline]
\score {
\context Voice \notes\relative c' {
\repeat "tremolo" 8 { c16 d16 }
\repeat "tremolo" 4 { c16 d16 }
\repeat "tremolo" 2 { c16 d16 }
- \repeat "tremolo" 4 c16
}
}
@end lilypond
-@seealso
+Tremolo marks can also be put on a single note. In this case, the
+note should not be surrounded by braces.
+@lilypond[verbatim,singleline]
+ \repeat "tremolo" 4 c16
+@end lilypond
-Tremolo beams are @internalsref{Beam} objects. Single stem tremolos
-are @internalsref{StemTremolo}s. The music expression is
-@internalsref{TremoloEvent}.
+A similar mechanism is the tremolo subdivision, described in
+@ref{Tremolo subdivisions}.
+@seealso
-@refbugs
+In this manual: @ref{Tremolo subdivisions}, @ref{Repeats}.
-The single stem tremolo must be entered without @code{@{} and
-@code{@}}.
+Internals: tremolo beams are @internalsref{Beam} objects. Single stem
+tremolos are @internalsref{StemTremolo}s. The music expression is
+@internalsref{TremoloEvent},
+
+Example files: @inputfileref{input/regression,chord-tremolo.ly},
+@inputfileref{input/regression,stem-tremolo.ly}.
@node Tremolo subdivisions
@subsection Tremolo subdivisions
Tremolos in this style do not carry over into the MIDI output.
+@seealso
+
+In this manual: @ref{Tremolo repeats}.
+
+Elsewhere: @internalsref{StemTremolo}, @internalsref{TremoloEvent}.
@node Measure repeats
@subsection Measure repeats
@seealso
-@internalsref{RepeatSlash}, @internalsref{PercentRepeat},
+Internals: @internalsref{RepeatSlash}, @internalsref{PercentRepeat},
@internalsref{PercentRepeatedMusic}, and
@internalsref{DoublePercentRepeat}.
}
@end lilypond
+@seealso
+
+Internals: @internalsref{RhythmicStaff}.
+
+Examples: @inputfileref{input/regression,rhythmic-staff.ly}.
+
+
@menu
* Percussion staves::
* Percussion MIDI output::
@seealso
-@internalsref{AutoChangeMusic}.
+In this manual: @ref{Manual staff switches}
+
+Internals: @internalsref{AutoChangeMusic}.
+
+
@refbugs
The staff switches often do not end up in optimal places. For high
quality output, staff switches should be specified manually.
-
@node Manual staff switches
@subsection Manual staff switches
Voices can be switched between staves manually, using the following command:
@example
- \translator Staff = @var{staffname} @var{music}
+ \change Staff = @var{staffname} @var{music}
@end example
@noindent
@code{"down"}.
+
@node Pedals
@subsection Pedals
@cindex Pedals
@seealso
-@internalsref{ArpeggioEvent} music expressions lead to
+Internals: @internalsref{ArpeggioEvent} music expressions lead to
@internalsref{Arpeggio} objects. Cross staff arpeggios are
@internalsref{PianoStaff}.@internalsref{Arpeggio}.
It is not possible to mix connected arpeggios and unconnected
arpeggios in one @internalsref{PianoStaff} at the same time.
-@node Staff switch lines
+@node Staff switch lines
@subsection Staff switch lines
\property PianoStaff.followVoice = ##t
\context Staff \context Voice {
c1
- \translator Staff=two
+ \change Staff=two
b2 a
}
\context Staff=two { \clef bass \skip 1*2 }
@seealso
-@internalsref{LyricEvent}, @internalsref{HyphenEvent}, and
+Internals: @internalsref{LyricEvent}, @internalsref{HyphenEvent}, and
@internalsref{ExtenderEvent}.
@refbugs
@seealso
-@internalsref{LyricCombineMusic}, @internalsref{Lyrics}, and
-@inputfileref{input/template,satb.ly}.
+Internals: @internalsref{LyricCombineMusic}, @internalsref{Lyrics}
+
+Examples: @inputfileref{input/template,satb.ly}.
@refbugs
@cindex phrasing, in lyrics
-When multiple stanzas are printed underneath each other, the vertical
-groups of syllables should be aligned around punctuation. This can be
-done automatically when corresponding lyric lines and melodies are
-marked.
+
+The lyrics should be aligned with the note heads of the melody. To
+achieve this, each line of lyrics should be marked to correspond with
+the melodic line.
To this end, give the @internalsref{Voice} context an identity:
@example
\context LyricsVoice = "duet-2" @{
Ooooo, ch\'e -- ri, je t'aime. @}
@end example
-The convention for naming @internalsref{LyricsVoice} and
-@internalsref{Voice} must also be used to get melismata correct in
-conjunction with rests.
The complete example is shown here:
@lilypond[singleline,verbatim]
}
@end lilypond
-Stanza numbers, or the names of the singers can be added by setting
-@code{LyricsVoice.Stanza} (for the first system) and
-@code{LyricsVoice.stz} for the following systems. Notice how dots are
-surrounded with spaces in @code{\lyrics} mode:
+@cindex stanza number
+@cindex singer's names
+@cindex name of singer
+
+Stanza numbers can be added by setting @code{LyricsVoice.stanza}, e.g.
@example
\property LyricsVoice . stanza = "Bert"
\property LyricsVoice . stanza = "Ernie"
@end example
+Notice how dots are surrounded with spaces in @code{\lyrics} mode, to
+prevent @code{LyricsVoice.stanza} being interpreted as a single
+string.
+
+Names of the singers should be added using @code{LyricsVoice
+. instrument} and @code{LyricsVoice . instr}, analogous to instrument
+annotations for staves.
+
To make empty spaces in lyrics, use @code{\skip}.
@seealso
-@internalsref{Ambitus}, @inputfileref{input/regression,ambitus.ly},
+Internals: @internalsref{Ambitus}
+
+Examples: @inputfileref{input/regression,ambitus.ly},
@inputfileref{input/test,ambitus-mixed.ly}.
@refbugs
}
@end lilypond
+@cindex minimumFret
+
When no string is specified, the first string that does not give a
fret number less than @code{minimumFret} is selected. The default
value for @code{minimumFret} is 0:
@seealso
-@internalsref{TabStaff}, @internalsref{TabVoice}, and
+Internals: @internalsref{TabStaff}, @internalsref{TabVoice}, and
@internalsref{StringNumberEvent}.
@refbugs
@cindex Non-guitar tablatures
You can change the number of strings, by setting the number of lines
-in the @internalsref{TabStaff} (the @code{line-count} property of
-@internalsref{TabStaff} can only be changed using
-@code{\applyoutput}, for more information, see @ref{Tuning
-objects}).
+in the @internalsref{TabStaff}.
You can change the tuning of the strings. A string tuning is given as
a Scheme list with one integer number for each string, the number
@lilypond[fragment,verbatim]
\context TabStaff <<
-
- \applyoutput #(outputproperty-compatibility (make-type-checker 'staff-symbol-interface)
- 'line-count 4)
\property TabStaff.stringTunings = #'(-5 -10 -15 -20)
\notes {
@seealso
-@inputfileref{input/regression,chord-name-major7.ly},
+Examples: @inputfileref{input/regression,chord-name-major7.ly},
@inputfileref{input/regression,chord-name-exceptions.ly},
@inputfileref{input/test,chord-names-jazz.ly},
-@inputfileref{input/test,chord-names-german.ly},
-@file{scm/chords-ignatzek.scm}, and @file{scm/chord-entry.scm}.
+@inputfileref{input/test,chord-names-german.ly}.
+
+Init files: @file{scm/chords-ignatzek.scm}, and @file{scm/chord-entry.scm}.
@refbugs
@seealso
-@internalsref{MarkEvent}, @internalsref{RehearsalMark}, and
-@inputfileref{input/test,boxed-molecule.ly}.
+Internals: @internalsref{MarkEvent}, @internalsref{RehearsalMark}
+
+Examples: @inputfileref{input/test,boxed-molecule.ly}.
@node Bar numbers
@seealso
-@internalsref{BarNumber},
-@inputfileref{input/test,bar-number-every-five-reset.ly}, and
-@inputfileref{input/test,bar-number-regular-interval.ly}.
+Internals: @internalsref{BarNumber}.
+
+Examples: @inputfileref{input/test,bar-number-every-five-reset.ly},
+and @inputfileref{input/test,bar-number-regular-interval.ly}.
@refbugs
@seealso
-@internalsref{InstrumentName}.
+Internals: @internalsref{InstrumentName}.
@refbugs
@end example
This means that @var{musicexpr} is transposed by the interval
-between @var{from} and @var{to}.
+between the pitches @var{from} and @var{to}.
+Since @var{from} and @var{to} are pitches, @code{\transpose} must be
+inside a @code{\notes} section.
@code{\transpose} distinguishes between enharmonic pitches: both
@code{\transpose c cis} or @code{\transpose c des} will transpose up
}}
@end lilypond
+
@seealso
-@internalsref{TransposedMusic}, and @internalsref{UntransposableMusic}.
+Internals: @internalsref{TransposedMusic}, and
+@internalsref{UntransposableMusic}.
@refbugs
-@node Multi measure rests
+@node Multi measure rests
@subsection Multi measure rests
@cindex multi measure rests
@cindex Rests, multi measure
@seealso
-@internalsref{MultiMeasureRestEvent},
+Internals: @internalsref{MultiMeasureRestEvent},
@internalsref{MultiMeasureTextEvent},
@internalsref{MultiMeasureRestMusicGroup}, and
@internalsref{MultiMeasureRest}.
@seealso
-@internalsref{PartCombineMusic},
+Internals: @internalsref{PartCombineMusic},
@internalsref{Thread_devnull_engraver}, and
@internalsref{Voice_devnull_engraver} and @internalsref{A2_engraver}.
@seealso
-@inputfileref{input/regression,tag-filter.ly}
+Examples: @inputfileref{input/regression,tag-filter.ly}
@node Sound output for transposing instruments
@end example
-@node Ancient notation
+@node Ancient notation
@section Ancient notation
@cindex Vaticana, Editio
@seealso
-@inputfileref{input/regression,note-head-style.ly} gives an overview
-over all available note head styles.
-
+In this manual:
@ref{Percussion staves} use note head styles of their own that are
frequently used in contemporary music notation.
+Examples: @inputfileref{input/regression,note-head-style.ly} gives an
+overview over all available note head styles.
+
+
@node Ancient accidentals
@subsection Ancient accidentals
@seealso
-@ref{Pitches}, @ref{Chromatic alterations} and @ref{Accidentals} give
-a general introduction into the use of accidentals. @ref{Key
-signature} gives a general introduction into the use of key
-signatures.
+In this manual: @ref{Pitches}, @ref{Chromatic alterations} and
+@ref{Accidentals} give a general introduction into the use of
+accidentals. @ref{Key signature} gives a general introduction into
+the use of key signatures.
+
+Internals: @internalsref{KeySignature}
+Examples: @inputfileref{input/test,ancient-accidentals.ly}.
@node Ancient rests
@subsection Ancient rests
@seealso
-@ref{Rests} gives a general introduction into the use of rests.
+In this manual: @ref{Rests} gives a general introduction into the use of rests.
@node Ancient clefs
Editio Vaticana style do clef @tab
@code{vaticana_do1}, @code{vaticana_do2}, @code{vaticana_do3} @tab
@lilypond[relative 0, notime]
-\context Staff
-\applyoutput #(outputproperty-compatibility (make-type-checker 'staff-symbol-interface) 'line-count 4)
+ \property Staff.StaffSymbol \set #'line-count = #4
\property Staff.TimeSignature \set #'transparent = ##t
\clef "vaticana_do2" c
@end lilypond
Editio Vaticana style fa clef @tab
@code{vaticana_fa1}, @code{vaticana_fa2} @tab
@lilypond[relative 0, notime]
-\context Staff
-\applyoutput #(outputproperty-compatibility (make-type-checker 'staff-symbol-interface) 'line-count 4)
+ \property Staff.StaffSymbol \set #'line-count = #4
\property Staff.TimeSignature \set #'transparent = ##t
\clef "vaticana_fa2" c
@end lilypond
Editio Medicaea style do clef @tab
@code{medicaea_do1}, @code{medicaea_do2}, @code{medicaea_do3} @tab
@lilypond[relative 0, notime]
-\context Staff
-\applyoutput #(outputproperty-compatibility (make-type-checker 'staff-symbol-interface) 'line-count 4)
+ \property Staff.StaffSymbol \set #'line-count = #4
\property Staff.TimeSignature \set #'transparent = ##t
\clef "medicaea_do2" c
@end lilypond
Editio Medicaea style fa clef @tab
@code{medicaea_fa1}, @code{medicaea_fa2} @tab
@lilypond[relative 0, notime]
-\context Staff
-\applyoutput #(outputproperty-compatibility (make-type-checker 'staff-symbol-interface) 'line-count 4)
+ \property Staff.StaffSymbol \set #'line-count = #4
\property Staff.TimeSignature \set #'transparent = ##t
\clef "medicaea_fa2" c
@end lilypond
historic style hufnagel do clef @tab
@code{hufnagel_do1}, @code{hufnagel_do2}, @code{hufnagel_do3} @tab
@lilypond[relative 0, notime]
-\context Staff
-\applyoutput #(outputproperty-compatibility (make-type-checker 'staff-symbol-interface) 'line-count 4)
+ \property Staff.StaffSymbol \set #'line-count = #4
\property Staff.TimeSignature \set #'transparent = ##t
\clef "hufnagel_do2" c
@end lilypond
historic style hufnagel fa clef @tab
@code{hufnagel_fa1}, @code{hufnagel_fa2} @tab
@lilypond[relative 0, notime]
-\context Staff
-\applyoutput #(outputproperty-compatibility (make-type-checker 'staff-symbol-interface) 'line-count 4)
+ \property Staff.StaffSymbol \set #'line-count = #4
\property Staff.TimeSignature \set #'transparent = ##t
\clef "hufnagel_fa2" c
@end lilypond
@seealso
-For modern clefs, see @ref{Clef}. For the percussion clef, see
-@ref{Percussion staves}. For the @code{TAB} clef, see
-@ref{Tablatures}.
+In this manual: for the percussion clef, see @ref{Percussion staves}.
+For the @code{TAB} clef, see @ref{Tablatures}.
+
+Internals: for modern clefs, see @ref{Clef}.
+
@node Ancient flags
\property Score.timing = ##f
\property Score.barAlways = ##t
s_\markup { "$\\backslash$time 4/4" }
- ^\markup { " " \musicglyph #"timesig-neo\_mensural4/4" }
+ ^\markup { " " \musicglyph #"timesig-neo_mensural4/4" }
s
s_\markup { "$\\backslash$time 2/2" }
- ^\markup { " " \musicglyph #"timesig-neo\_mensural2/2" }
+ ^\markup { " " \musicglyph #"timesig-neo_mensural2/2" }
s
s_\markup { "$\\backslash$time 6/4" }
- ^\markup { " " \musicglyph #"timesig-neo\_mensural6/4" }
+ ^\markup { " " \musicglyph #"timesig-neo_mensural6/4" }
s
s_\markup { "$\\backslash$time 6/8" }
- ^\markup { " " \musicglyph #"timesig-neo\_mensural6/8" }
+ ^\markup { " " \musicglyph #"timesig-neo_mensural6/8" }
\break
s_\markup { "$\\backslash$time 3/2" }
- ^\markup { " " \musicglyph #"timesig-neo\_mensural3/2" }
+ ^\markup { " " \musicglyph #"timesig-neo_mensural3/2" }
s
s_\markup { "$\\backslash$time 3/4" }
- ^\markup { " " \musicglyph #"timesig-neo\_mensural3/4" }
+ ^\markup { " " \musicglyph #"timesig-neo_mensural3/4" }
s
s_\markup { "$\\backslash$time 9/4" }
- ^\markup { " " \musicglyph #"timesig-neo\_mensural9/4" }
+ ^\markup { " " \musicglyph #"timesig-neo_mensural9/4" }
s
s_\markup { "$\\backslash$time 9/8" }
- ^\markup { " " \musicglyph #"timesig-neo\_mensural9/8" }
+ ^\markup { " " \musicglyph #"timesig-neo_mensural9/8" }
\break
s_\markup { "$\\backslash$time 4/8" }
- ^\markup { " " \musicglyph #"timesig-neo\_mensural4/8" }
+ ^\markup { " " \musicglyph #"timesig-neo_mensural4/8" }
s
s_\markup { "$\\backslash$time 2/4" }
- ^\markup { " " \musicglyph #"timesig-neo\_mensural2/4" }
+ ^\markup { " " \musicglyph #"timesig-neo_mensural2/4" }
\break
}
\paper {
@seealso
-@ref{Time signature} gives a general introduction into the use of time
+Internals: @ref{Time signature} gives a general introduction into the use of time
signatures.
@refbugs
@seealso
-@internalsref{Custos} and @inputfileref{input/regression,custos.ly}.
+Internals: @internalsref{Custos}
+
+Examples: @inputfileref{input/regression,custos.ly}.
@node Divisiones
@seealso
-@internalsref{BreathingSign}, @internalsref{BreathingSignEvent},
-@inputfileref{input/test,divisiones.ly}, and @ref{Breath marks}.
+In this manual: @ref{Breath marks}.
+
+Internals: @internalsref{BreathingSign}, @internalsref{BreathingSignEvent},
+
+Examples: @inputfileref{input/test,divisiones.ly}
@node Ligatures
@subsection Ligatures
@seealso
-@internalsref{BassFigureEvent} music, @internalsref{BassFigure} object,
+Internals: @internalsref{BassFigureEvent} music, @internalsref{BassFigure} object,
and @internalsref{FiguredBass} context.
@refbugs
@seealso
-@internalsref{ClusterSpanner}, @internalsref{ClusterSpannerBeacon},
-@inputfileref{input/regression,cluster.ly},
-@internalsref{Cluster_spanner_engraver}, and @internalsref{ClusterNoteEvent}.
+Internals: @internalsref{ClusterSpanner},
+@internalsref{ClusterSpannerBeacon},
+@internalsref{Cluster_spanner_engraver}, and
+@internalsref{ClusterNoteEvent}.
+
+Examples: @inputfileref{input/regression,cluster.ly}.
@refbugs
@end example
@menu
-* Tuning objects ::
+* Tuning objects::
* Constructing a tweak::
* Applyoutput::
* Font selection::
-@node Tuning objects
+@node Tuning objects
@subsection Tuning objects
@cindex object description
@end example
@end itemize
- The object description is an Scheme association
-list. Since a Scheme list is a singly linked list, we can treat it as
-a stack, and @code{\override} and @code{\revert} are push and pop
-operations. The association list is stored in a normal context
-property, hence
+The object description is an Scheme association list. Since a Scheme
+list is a singly linked list, we can treat it as a stack, and
+@code{\override} and @code{\revert} are push and pop operations. The
+association list is stored in a normal context property, hence
@example
\property Voice.NoteHead = #'()
@end example
@seealso
-@internalsref{OverrideProperty}, @internalsref{RevertProperty},
+Internals: @internalsref{OverrideProperty}, @internalsref{RevertProperty},
@internalsref{PropertySet}, @internalsref{All-backend-properties}, and
@internalsref{All-layout-objects}.
crashes. Reverting properties that are system defaults may also lead
to crashes.
+A property tweak of modifies a local copy of the object definition.
+After such a tweak, the definition is independent of the objects in
+enclosing contexts. For example
+
+@lilypond
+ \property Voice.Stem \set #'neutral-direction = #1
+ b'8
+ \property Staff.Stem \set #'thickness = #4.0
+ b'16
+ \new Voice { b'32 }
+@end lilypond
+
+In this fragment, @code{neutral-direction} is tweaked. As a result,
+the current @internalsref{Voice} gets a private version of the
+@internalsref{Stem} object. The following tweak modifies the
+definition at @internalsref{Staff} level. Since it a different
+definition, the thickness of the @code{b'16} is unaffected. For the
+third note, a new Voice is created, which inherits the new definition,
+including the changed thickness, but excluding the new neutral
+direction.
+
+
+
+@menu
+* Constructing a tweak::
+* Applyoutput::
+* Font selection::
+* Text markup::
+@end menu
+
@node Constructing a tweak
@subsection Constructing a tweak
@quotation
@seealso
-@internalsref{FingerEvent} and @internalsref{Fingering}.
+Internals: @internalsref{FingerEvent} and @internalsref{Fingering}.
@end quotation
@seealso
-The program reference also contains alphabetical lists of
+Internals: the program reference also contains alphabetical lists of
@internalsref{Contexts}, @internalsref{All-layout-objects} and
-@internalsref{Music-expressions}, so you can also find which objects to
-tweak by browsing the internals document.
+@internalsref{Music-expressions}, so you can also find which objects
+to tweak by browsing the internals document.
@node Applyoutput
The most common thing to change about the appearance of fonts is their
size. The font size of any context can be easily changed by setting
-the @code{fontSize} property for that context. Its value is an
-integer: negative numbers make the font smaller, positive numbers
-larger. An example is given below:
+the @code{fontSize} property for that context. Its value is a number:
+negative numbers make the font smaller, positive numbers larger. An
+example is given below:
@c
@lilypond[fragment,relative=1,verbatim,quote]
c4 c4 \property Voice.fontSize = #-1
f4 g4
@end lilypond
-This command will set @code{font-relative-size} (see below), and does
+This command will set @code{font-size} (see below), and does
not change the size of variable symbols, such as beams or slurs.
-
-One of the uses of @code{fontSize} is to get smaller symbol for cue
+One of the uses of @code{fontSize} is to get smaller symbols for cue
notes. An elaborate example of those is in
@inputfileref{input/test,cue-notes.ly}.
@cindex magnification
-
-The size of the font may be scaled with the object property
-@code{font-magnification}. For example, @code{2.0} blows up all
-letters by a factor 2 in both directions.
-
-
@cindex cue notes
-@cindex font size
-@cindex size
-@cindex symbol size
-@cindex glyph size
The font used for printing a object can be selected by setting
@code{font-name}, e.g.
@noindent
Any font can be used, as long as it is available to @TeX{}. Possible
fonts include foreign fonts or fonts that do not belong to the
-Computer Modern font family.
+Computer Modern font family. The size of fonts selected in this way
+can be changed with the @code{font-magnification} property. For
+example, @code{2.0} blows up all letters by a factor 2 in both
+directions.
+
+@cindex font size
+@cindex font magnification
Font selection for the standard fonts, @TeX{}'s Computer Modern fonts,
can also be adjusted with a more fine-grained mechanism. By setting
all three mechanisms work for every object that supports
@code{font-interface}:
+
@table @code
@item font-family
is a symbol indicating the general class of the typeface. Supported are
font series for each font family and shape. Choices are @code{medium}
and @code{bold}.
-@item font-relative-size
- is a number indicating the size relative the standard size. For example,
- with 20pt staff height, relative size -1 corresponds to 16pt staff
- height, and relative size +1 corresponds to 23 pt staff height.
-
- There are small differences in design between fonts designed for
-different sizes, hence @code{font-relative-size} is preferred over
-@code{font-magnification} for changing font sizes.
-
-
-@item font-design-size
-is a number indicating the design size of the font.
-
-This is a feature of the Computer Modern Font: each point size has a
-slightly different design. Smaller design sizes are relatively wider,
-which enhances readability.
@end table
For any of these properties, the value @code{*} (i.e. the symbol
@cindex @code{font-style}
+The font size is set by modifying the @code{font-size} property. Its
+value is a number indicating the size relative to the standard size.
+Each step up is an increase of approximately 12% of the font size. Six
+steps is exactly a factor two. The Scheme function @code{magstep}
+converts a @code{font-size} number to a scaling factor.
+
+LilyPond has fonts in different design sizes: the music fonts for
+smaller sizes are chubbier, while the text fonts are relatively wider.
+Font size changes are achieved by scaling the design size that is
+closest to the desired size.
+
+The @code{font-size} mechanism does not work for fonts selected
+through @code{font-name}. These may be scaled with
+@code{font-magnification}.
+
@refcommands
The following commands set @code{fontSize} for the current voice.
@cindex @code{\normalsize}
@code{\normalsize},
-@refbugs
+@seealso
-Relative size is not linked to any real size.
+Init files: @file{ly/paper20.ly} contains hints how new fonts may be
+added to LilyPond.
+
+@refbugs
There is no style sheet provided for other fonts besides the @TeX{}
-family, and the style sheet cannot be modified easily.
+family.
@cindex font selection
@cindex font magnification
@example
A \translate #(cons 2 -3) @{ B C @} D
@end example
-This moves `B C' 2 spaces to the right, and 3 down.
+This moves `B C' 2 spaces to the right, and 3 down, relative to its
+surroundings. This command cannot be used to move isolated scripts
+vertically, for the same reason that @code{\raise} cannot be used for
+that.
@item \magnify #@var{mag}
@cindex @code{\magnify}
c1^\markup { \line < a b c > }
@end lilypond
+Markups can be stored in variables, and these variables
+may be attached to notes, like
+@verbatim
+allegro = \markup { \bold \large { Allegro } }
+\notes { a^\allegro b c d }
+@end verbatim
+
The markup mechanism is extensible. Refer to
@file{scm/new-markup.scm} for more information.
-
@seealso
-@internalsref{Markup-functions}, and @file{scm/new-markup.scm}.
+Internals: @internalsref{Markup-functions},
+
+Init files: @file{scm/new-markup.scm}.
@refbugs
@seealso
-Vertical alignment of staves is handled by the
+Internals: Vertical alignment of staves is handled by the
@internalsref{VerticalAlignment} object.
@seealso
-@internalsref{SpacingSpanner}, @internalsref{NoteSpacing},
+Internals: @internalsref{SpacingSpanner}, @internalsref{NoteSpacing},
@internalsref{StaffSpacing}, @internalsref{SeparationItem}, and
@internalsref{SeparatingGroupSpanner}.
@seealso
-@internalsref{BreakEvent}.
+Internals: @internalsref{BreakEvent}.
@node Page layout
@seealso
-@ref{Invoking lilypond},
-@inputfileref{input/regression,between-systems.ly}, and
-@internalsref{NonMusicalPaperColumn}.
+In this manual @ref{Invoking lilypond}
+
+Examples: @inputfileref{input/regression,between-systems.ly}
+
+Internals: @internalsref{NonMusicalPaperColumn}.
@refbugs
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff