* Extending the templates::
* How LilyPond files work::
* Score is a single musical expression::
+* An orchestral part::
@end menu
Start off with the template that seems closest to what you want to end
up with. Let's say that you want to write something for soprano and
-cello. In this case, we would start with ``Notes and lyrics'' (for the
+cello. In this case, we would start with @q{Notes and lyrics} (for the
soprano part).
@example
-\version "2.9.13"
+\version "2.11.23"
melody = \relative c' @{
\clef treble
\key c \major
@}
@end example
-Now we want to add a cello part. Let's look at the ``Notes only'' example:
+Now we want to add a cello part. Let's look at the @q{Notes only} example:
@example
-\version "2.9.13"
+\version "2.11.23"
melody = \relative c' @{
\clef treble
\key c \major
notes.
@example
-\version "2.9.13"
+\version "2.11.23"
sopranoMusic = \relative c' @{
\clef treble
\key c \major
easily fixed. Here's the complete soprano and cello template.
@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
-\version "2.9.13"
+\version "2.11.23"
sopranoMusic = \relative c' {
\clef treble
\key c \major
another shorthand that LilyPond accepts.
@cindex variables
-@cindex indentifiers
+@cindex identifiers
Another great shorthand is the ability to define
variables. All the templates use this
text editor!
+
+
+
+
+@node An orchestral part
+@section An orchestral part
+
+In orchestral music, all notes are printed twice. Once in a part for
+the musicians, and once in a full score for the conductor. Identifiers can
+be used to avoid double work. The music is entered once, and stored in
+a variable. The contents of that variable is then used to generate
+both the part and the full score.
+
+It is convenient to define the notes in a special file. For example,
+suppose that the file @file{horn-music.ly} contains the following part
+of a horn/@/bassoon duo
+
+@example
+hornNotes = \relative c @{
+ \time 2/4
+ r4 f8 a cis4 f e d
+@}
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+Then, an individual part is made by putting the following in a file
+
+@example
+\include "horn-music.ly"
+\header @{
+ instrument = "Horn in F"
+@}
+
+@{
+ \transpose f c' \hornNotes
+@}
+@end example
+
+The line
+
+@example
+\include "horn-music.ly"
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+substitutes the contents of @file{horn-music.ly} at this position in
+the file, so @code{hornNotes} is defined afterwards. The command
+@code{\transpose f@tie{}c'} indicates that the argument, being
+@code{\hornNotes}, should be transposed by a fifth upwards. Sounding
+@samp{f} is denoted by notated @code{c'}, which corresponds with the
+tuning of a normal French Horn in@tie{}F. The transposition can be seen
+in the following output
+
+@lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
+\transpose f c' \relative c {
+ \time 2/4
+ r4 f8 a cis4 f e d
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+In ensemble pieces, one of the voices often does not play for many
+measures. This is denoted by a special rest, the multi-measure
+rest. It is entered with a capital @samp{R} followed by a duration
+(@code{1}@tie{}for a whole note, @code{2}@tie{}for a half note,
+etc.). By multiplying the
+duration, longer rests can be constructed. For example, this rest
+takes 3@tie{}measures in 2/4 time
+
+@example
+R2*3
+@end example
+
+When printing the part, multi-rests
+must be condensed. This is done by setting a run-time variable
+
+@example
+\set Score.skipBars = ##t
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+This command sets the property @code{skipBars} in the
+@code{Score} context to true (@code{##t}). Prepending the rest and
+this option to the music above, leads to the following result
+
+@lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
+\transpose f c' \relative c {
+ \time 2/4
+ \set Score.skipBars = ##t
+ R2*3
+ r4 f8 a cis4 f e d
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+
+The score is made by combining all of the music together. Assuming
+that the other voice is in @code{bassoonNotes} in the file
+@file{bassoon-music.ly}, a score is made with
+
+@example
+\include "bassoon-music.ly"
+\include "horn-music.ly"
+
+<<
+ \new Staff \hornNotes
+ \new Staff \bassoonNotes
+>>
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+leading to
+
+@lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
+\relative c <<
+ \new Staff {
+ \time 2/4 R2*3
+ r4 f8 a cis4 f e d
+ }
+ \new Staff {
+ \clef bass
+ r4 d,8 f | gis4 c | b bes |
+ a8 e f4 | g d | gis f
+ }
+>>
+@end lilypond
+
+More in-depth information on preparing parts and scores can be found
+in the notation manual; see @ref{Orchestral music}.
+
+Setting run-time variables (@q{properties}) is discussed in
+@ref{Changing context properties on the fly}.
+
+
+
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff