Snippets: @lsrdir{Pitches,Pitches}.
+@funindex \transpose
+@funindex \chordmode
+@funindex \relative
+
@refbugs
The relative conversion will not affect @code{\transpose},
@node Accidentals
@subsubsection Accidentals
+@cindex accidental
+@cindex key signature
+@cindex clef
+
@warning{New users are sometimes confused about accidentals and
key signatures. In LilyPond, note names are the raw input; key
signatures and clefs determine how this raw input is displayed.
@cindex note names, Dutch
@cindex note names, default
-
-A @notation{sharp} pitch is made by adding @code{is} to the name,
-and a @notation{flat} pitch by adding @code{es}. As you might
-expect, a @notation{double sharp} or @notation{double flat} is
-made by adding @code{isis} or @code{eses}. This syntax is derived
-from Dutch note naming conventions. To use other names for
-accidentals, see @ref{Note names in other languages}.
+@cindex sharp
+@cindex flat
+@cindex double sharp
+@cindex sharp, double
+@cindex double flat
+@cindex flat, double
+@cindex natural sign
+
+A @notation{sharp} pitch is made by adding @code{is} to the note name,
+and a @notation{flat} pitch by adding @code{es}. As you might expect,
+a @notation{double sharp} or @notation{double flat} is made by adding
+@code{isis} or @code{eses}. This syntax is derived from Dutch note
+naming conventions. To use other names for accidentals, see
+@ref{Note names in other languages}.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
ais1 aes aisis aeses
cis cis cis! cis? c c c! c?
@end lilypond
-Accidentals are only printed on tied notes that begin a new
-system:
+Accidentals on tied notes are only printed at the beginning of a
+new system:
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
cis1 ~ cis ~
@seealso
Music Glossary: @rglos{sharp}, @rglos{flat}, @rglos{double sharp},
-@rglos{double flat}, @rglos{Pitch names}.
+@rglos{double flat}, @rglos{Pitch names}, @rglos{quarter-tone}.
Learning Manual: @rlearning{Accidentals and key signatures}.
language files and the note names they define are:
@cindex note names, other languages
+@cindex pitch names, other languages
@smallexample
@multitable {nederlands.ly} {do re mi fa sol la sib si} {-iss/-is} {-ess/-es} {-ss/-x/-sharpsharp} {-essess/-eses}
@multitable {nederlands.ly} {do re mi fa sol la sib si} {-iss/-is} {-ess/-es} {-ississ/-isis} {-ississ/-isis}
@headitem Language
@tab Note names
- @tab semi- @tab semi- @tab sesqui- @tab sesqui-
+ @tab semi-sharp @tab semi-flat @tab sesqui-sharp @tab sesqui-flat
@item nederlands.ly
@tab c d e f g a bes b
}
@end lilypond
-The octave of pitches may also be checked with the
-@code{\octave}@tie{}@var{controlpitch} command.
-@var{controlpitch} is specified in absolute mode. This checks
-that the interval between the previous note and the
-@var{controlpitch} is within a fourth (i.e. the normal calculation
-of relative mode). If this check fails, a warning is printed, but
-the previous note is not changed. Future notes are relative to
-the @var{controlpitch}.
+The octave of notes may also be checked with the
+@code{\octave}@tie{}@var{controlpitch} command. @var{controlpitch} is
+specified in absolute mode. This checks that the interval between the
+previous note and the @var{controlpitch} is within a fourth (i.e. the
+normal calculation of relative mode). If this check fails, a warning
+is printed, but the previous note is not changed. Future notes are
+relative to the @var{controlpitch}.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment]
\relative c'' {
@end lilypond
Compare the two bars below. The first and third @code{\octave}
-check fail, but the second ones does not fail.
+check fail, but the second one does not fail.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment]
\relative c'' {
@subsubsection Transpose
@cindex transpose
+@cindex transposition
@cindex transposition of pitches
@funindex \transpose
Internals Reference: @internalsref{TransposedMusic}.
+@funindex \transpose
+@funindex \chordmode
+@funindex \relative
+
@refbugs
+
The relative conversion will not affect @code{\transpose},
@code{\chordmode} or @code{\relative} sections in its argument.
To use relative mode within transposed music, an additional
@subsubsection Clef
@funindex \clef
-
@cindex G clef
@cindex C clef
@cindex F clef
@cindex baritone clef
@cindex varbaritone clef
@cindex subbass clef
+@cindex clef
+@cindex ancient clef
+@cindex clef, ancient
+@cindex clef, G
+@cindex clef, C
+@cindex clef, F
+@cindex clef, treble
+@cindex clef, violin
+@cindex clef, alto
+@cindex clef, tenor
+@cindex clef, bass
+@cindex clef, french
+@cindex clef, soprano
+@cindex clef, mezzosoprano
+@cindex clef, baritone
+@cindex clef, varbaritone
+@cindex subbass clef, subbass
The clef is set with the @code{\clef} @var{clefname} command.
Middle C is shown in every example.
Further supported clefs are described under @ref{Ancient clefs}.
+@cindex transposing clefs
+@cindex clef, transposing
+@cindex octave transposition
+
By adding @code{_8} or @code{^8} to the clef name, the clef is
transposed one octave down or up, respectively, and @code{_15} and
@code{^15} transposes by two octaves. The argument @var{clefname}
\key @var{pitch} @var{mode}
@end example
-@funindex \minor
@funindex \major
@funindex \minor
@funindex \ionian
@funindex \phrygian
@funindex \dorian
@cindex church modes
+@cindex modes
Here, @var{mode} should be @code{\major} or @code{\minor} to get a
key signature of @var{pitch}-major or @var{pitch}-minor,
@seealso
-Music Glossary: @rglos{ottava}.
+Music Glossary: @rglos{octavation}.
Snippets: @lsrdir{Pitches,Pitches}.
@cindex transposition, MIDI
@cindex transposition, instrument
+@cindex transposing instrument
+@cindex MIDI
+@funindex \transposition
When typesetting scores that involve transposing instruments, some
parts can be typeset in a different pitch than the
@seealso
-Music Glossary: @rglos{concert pitch},
-@rglos{transposing instrument}.
+Music Glossary: @rglos{concert pitch}, @rglos{transposing instrument}.
Notation Reference: @ref{Quoting other voices}, @ref{Transpose}.
@node Automatic accidentals
@subsubsection Automatic accidentals
-@cindex automatic accidentals
+@cindex automatic accidentals
+@cindex accidentals, automatic
+@cindex accidentals
+@cindex accidental style
+@cindex default accidental style
+@cindex accidental style, default
@funindex set-accidental-style
There are many different conventions on how to typeset
@end lilypond
@item modern
+@cindex accidentals, modern style
+@cindex modern style accidentals
@funindex modern style accidentals
This rule corresponds to the common practice in the twentieth
@end lilypond
@item modern-cautionary
+@cindex accidentals, modern cautionary style
+@cindex modern style accidentals
+@cindex modern style cautionary accidentals
+@cindex modern accidental style
+@cindex modern cautionary accidental style
@funindex modern-cautionary
This rule is similar to @code{modern}, but the @q{extra}
@end lilypond
@item modern-voice
+@cindex accidentals, multivoice
+@cindex accidentals, modern
+@cindex modern accidentals
+@cindex multivoice accidentals
+@cindex accidental style, modern
+@cindex modern accidental style
@funindex modern-voice
This rule is used for multivoice accidentals to be read both by
}
@end lilypond
+@cindex accidental style, modern voice cautionary
+@cindex accidental style, cautionary, modern voice
+@cindex accidental style, voice, modern cautionary
@funindex modern-voice-cautionary
@item modern-voice-cautionary
@item piano
@funindex piano accidentals
+@cindex piano accidentals
+@cindex accidentals, piano
+@cindex piano accidental style
+@cindex accidental style, piano
This rule reflects twentieth-century practice for piano notation.
Its behavior is very similar to @code{modern} style, but here
@item piano-cautionary
@funindex #(set-accidental-style 'piano-cautionary)
+@cindex accidentals, piano cautionary
+@cindex cautionary accidentals, piano
+@cindex piano cautionary accidentals
+@cindex accidental style, piano cautionary
+@cindex cautionary accidental style, piano
+@cindex piano cautionary accidental style
Same as @code{#(set-accidental-style 'piano)} but with the extra
accidentals typeset as cautionaries.
@item no-reset
@funindex no-reset accidental style
+@cindex accidental style, no reset
+@cindex no reset accidental style
This is the same as @code{default} but with accidentals lasting
@q{forever} and not only within the same measure:
@item forget
@funindex forget accidental style
+@cindex forget accidental style
+@cindex accidental style, forget
This is the opposite of @code{no-reset}: Accidentals are not
remembered at all -- and hence all accidentals are typeset
@internalsref{PianoStaff}, @internalsref{Staff}.
+@cindex accidentals and simultaneous notes
+@cindex simultaneous notes and accidentals
+@cindex accidentals in chords
+@cindex chords, accidentals in
+
@refbugs
Simultaneous notes are considered to be entered in sequential
@node Ambitus
@subsubsection Ambitus
+
@cindex ambitus
+@cindex ambit
+@cindex range of pitches
+@cindex pitch range
The term @notation{ambitus} or @notation{ambit} denotes a range of
pitches for a given voice in a part of music. It may also denote
@seealso
+Music Glossary: @rglos{ambitus}.
+
Snippets: @lsrdir{Pitches,Pitches}.
Internals Reference: @internalsref{Ambitus},
@subsubsection Special note heads
@cindex note heads, special
+@cindex note heads, cross
+@cindex note heads, diamond
+@cindex note heads, parlato
+@cindex note heads, harmonic
+@cindex note heads, guitar
+@cindex special note heads
+@cindex cross note heads
+@cindex diamond note heads
+@cindex parlato note heads
+@cindex harmonic note heads
+@cindex guitar note heads
Different note heads are used by various instruments for various
meanings -- crosses are used for @q{parlato} with vocalists,
@end lilypond
@noindent
-To see all note head styles, please see @ref{Note head styles}.
+To see all note head styles, see @ref{Note head styles}.
@seealso
@cindex note heads, easy notation
@cindex easy notation
@cindex Hal Leonard
+@cindex beginners' music
+@cindex music, beginners'
+@cindex easy play note heads
+@cindex note heads, easy play
The @q{easy play} note head includes a note name inside the head.
It is used in music for beginners.
@subsubsection Shape note heads
@cindex note heads, shape
+@cindex note heads, Aiken
+@cindex note heads, sacred harp
+@cindex shape notes
+@cindex Aiken shape note heads
+@cindex sacred harp note heads
@funindex \key
@funindex shapeNoteStyles
@funindex \aikenHeads
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