Snippets: @lsrdir{Pitches,Pitches}.
-@refbugs
+@funindex \transpose
+@funindex \chordmode
+@funindex \relative
+
+@knownissues
The relative conversion will not affect @code{\transpose},
@code{\chordmode} or @code{\relative} sections in its argument.
@node Accidentals
@subsubsection Accidentals
+@cindex accidental
+@cindex key signature
+@cindex clef
+
@warning{New users are sometimes confused about accidentals and
key signatures. In LilyPond, note names are the raw input; key
signatures and clefs determine how this raw input is displayed.
@cindex note names, Dutch
@cindex note names, default
-
-A @notation{sharp} pitch is made by adding @code{is} to the name,
-and a @notation{flat} pitch by adding @code{es}. As you might
-expect, a @notation{double sharp} or @notation{double flat} is
-made by adding @code{isis} or @code{eses}. This syntax is derived
-from Dutch note naming conventions. To use other names for
-accidentals, see @ref{Note names in other languages}.
+@cindex sharp
+@cindex flat
+@cindex double sharp
+@cindex sharp, double
+@cindex double flat
+@cindex flat, double
+@cindex natural sign
+
+A @notation{sharp} pitch is made by adding @code{is} to the note name,
+and a @notation{flat} pitch by adding @code{es}. As you might expect,
+a @notation{double sharp} or @notation{double flat} is made by adding
+@code{isis} or @code{eses}. This syntax is derived from Dutch note
+naming conventions. To use other names for accidentals, see
+@ref{Note names in other languages}.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
ais1 aes aisis aeses
@end lilypond
-@commonprop
+@snippets
@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc]
{preventing-extra-naturals-from-being-automatically-added.ly}
@seealso
Music Glossary: @rglos{sharp}, @rglos{flat}, @rglos{double sharp},
-@rglos{double flat}, @rglos{Pitch names}.
+@rglos{double flat}, @rglos{Pitch names}, @rglos{quarter-tone}.
Learning Manual: @rlearning{Accidentals and key signatures}.
Snippets: @lsrdir{Pitches,Pitches}.
-@refbugs
+@knownissues
There are no generally accepted standards for denoting
quarter-tone accidentals, so LilyPond's symbol does not conform to
language files and the note names they define are:
@cindex note names, other languages
+@cindex pitch names, other languages
@smallexample
@multitable {nederlands.ly} {do re mi fa sol la sib si} {-iss/-is} {-ess/-es} {-ss/-x/-sharpsharp} {-essess/-eses}
@multitable {nederlands.ly} {do re mi fa sol la sib si} {-iss/-is} {-ess/-es} {-ississ/-isis} {-ississ/-isis}
@headitem Language
@tab Note names
- @tab semi- @tab semi- @tab sesqui- @tab sesqui-
+ @tab semi-sharp @tab semi-flat @tab sesqui-sharp @tab sesqui-flat
@item nederlands.ly
@tab c d e f g a bes b
}
@end lilypond
-The octave of pitches may also be checked with the
-@code{\octave}@tie{}@var{controlpitch} command.
-@var{controlpitch} is specified in absolute mode. This checks
-that the interval between the previous note and the
-@var{controlpitch} is within a fourth (i.e. the normal calculation
-of relative mode). If this check fails, a warning is printed, but
-the previous note is not changed. Future notes are relative to
-the @var{controlpitch}.
+The octave of notes may also be checked with the
+@code{\octave}@tie{}@var{controlpitch} command. @var{controlpitch} is
+specified in absolute mode. This checks that the interval between the
+previous note and the @var{controlpitch} is within a fourth (i.e. the
+normal calculation of relative mode). If this check fails, a warning
+is printed, but the previous note is not changed. Future notes are
+relative to the @var{controlpitch}.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment]
\relative c'' {
@subsubsection Transpose
@cindex transpose
+@cindex transposition
@cindex transposition of pitches
@funindex \transpose
see @ref{Instrument transpositions}.
-@commonprop
+@snippets
@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc]
{transposing-pitches-with-minimum-accidentals-smart-transpose.ly}
Internals Reference: @internalsref{TransposedMusic}.
-@refbugs
+@funindex \transpose
+@funindex \chordmode
+@funindex \relative
+
+@knownissues
+
The relative conversion will not affect @code{\transpose},
@code{\chordmode} or @code{\relative} sections in its argument.
@subsubsection Clef
@funindex \clef
-
@cindex G clef
@cindex C clef
@cindex F clef
@cindex baritone clef
@cindex varbaritone clef
@cindex subbass clef
+@cindex clef
+@cindex ancient clef
+@cindex clef, ancient
+@cindex clef, G
+@cindex clef, C
+@cindex clef, F
+@cindex clef, treble
+@cindex clef, violin
+@cindex clef, alto
+@cindex clef, tenor
+@cindex clef, bass
+@cindex clef, french
+@cindex clef, soprano
+@cindex clef, mezzosoprano
+@cindex clef, baritone
+@cindex clef, varbaritone
+@cindex subbass clef, subbass
The clef is set with the @code{\clef} @var{clefname} command.
Middle C is shown in every example.
Further supported clefs are described under @ref{Ancient clefs}.
+@cindex transposing clefs
+@cindex clef, transposing
+@cindex octave transposition
+
By adding @code{_8} or @code{^8} to the clef name, the clef is
transposed one octave down or up, respectively, and @code{_15} and
@code{^15} transposes by two octaves. The argument @var{clefname}
@end lilypond
-@commonprop
+@snippets
@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc]
{clefs-commonly-tweaked-properties.ly}
\key @var{pitch} @var{mode}
@end example
-@funindex \minor
@funindex \major
@funindex \minor
@funindex \ionian
@funindex \phrygian
@funindex \dorian
@cindex church modes
+@cindex modes
Here, @var{mode} should be @code{\major} or @code{\minor} to get a
key signature of @var{pitch}-major or @var{pitch}-minor,
@end lilypond
-@commonprop
+@snippets
@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc]
{preventing-natural-signs-from-being-printed-when-the-key-signature-changes.ly}
2@tie{}(for 15ma), and -2 (for 15ma bassa) as arguments.
-@commonprop
+@snippets
@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc]
{ottava-text.ly}
@seealso
-Music Glossary: @rglos{ottava}.
+Music Glossary: @rglos{octavation}.
Snippets: @lsrdir{Pitches,Pitches}.
@cindex transposition, MIDI
@cindex transposition, instrument
+@cindex transposing instrument
+@cindex MIDI
+@funindex \transposition
When typesetting scores that involve transposing instruments, some
parts can be typeset in a different pitch than the
@seealso
-Music Glossary: @rglos{concert pitch},
-@rglos{transposing instrument}.
+Music Glossary: @rglos{concert pitch}, @rglos{transposing instrument}.
Notation Reference: @ref{Quoting other voices}, @ref{Transpose}.
@node Automatic accidentals
@subsubsection Automatic accidentals
-@cindex automatic accidentals
+@cindex automatic accidentals
+@cindex accidentals, automatic
+@cindex accidentals
+@cindex accidental style
+@cindex default accidental style
+@cindex accidental style, default
@funindex set-accidental-style
There are many different conventions on how to typeset
@end lilypond
@item modern
+@cindex accidentals, modern style
+@cindex modern style accidentals
@funindex modern style accidentals
This rule corresponds to the common practice in the twentieth
@end lilypond
@item modern-cautionary
+@cindex accidentals, modern cautionary style
+@cindex modern style accidentals
+@cindex modern style cautionary accidentals
+@cindex modern accidental style
+@cindex modern cautionary accidental style
@funindex modern-cautionary
This rule is similar to @code{modern}, but the @q{extra}
@end lilypond
@item modern-voice
+@cindex accidentals, multivoice
+@cindex accidentals, modern
+@cindex modern accidentals
+@cindex multivoice accidentals
+@cindex accidental style, modern
+@cindex modern accidental style
@funindex modern-voice
This rule is used for multivoice accidentals to be read both by
}
@end lilypond
+@cindex accidental style, modern voice cautionary
+@cindex accidental style, cautionary, modern voice
+@cindex accidental style, voice, modern cautionary
@funindex modern-voice-cautionary
@item modern-voice-cautionary
@end lilypond
@item piano
-@funindex piano accidentals
+@cindex piano accidentals
+@cindex piano accidentals
+@cindex accidentals, piano
+@cindex piano accidental style
+@cindex accidental style, piano
This rule reflects twentieth-century practice for piano notation.
Its behavior is very similar to @code{modern} style, but here
@item piano-cautionary
@funindex #(set-accidental-style 'piano-cautionary)
+@cindex accidentals, piano cautionary
+@cindex cautionary accidentals, piano
+@cindex piano cautionary accidentals
+@cindex accidental style, piano cautionary
+@cindex cautionary accidental style, piano
+@cindex piano cautionary accidental style
Same as @code{#(set-accidental-style 'piano)} but with the extra
accidentals typeset as cautionaries.
@item no-reset
@funindex no-reset accidental style
+@cindex accidental style, no reset
+@cindex no reset accidental style
This is the same as @code{default} but with accidentals lasting
@q{forever} and not only within the same measure:
@item forget
@funindex forget accidental style
+@cindex forget accidental style
+@cindex accidental style, forget
This is the opposite of @code{no-reset}: Accidentals are not
remembered at all -- and hence all accidentals are typeset
@end lilypond
@end table
-@commonprop
+@snippets
@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc]
{dodecaphonic-style-accidentals-for-each-note-including-naturals.ly}
@internalsref{PianoStaff}, @internalsref{Staff}.
-@refbugs
+@cindex accidentals and simultaneous notes
+@cindex simultaneous notes and accidentals
+@cindex accidentals in chords
+@cindex chords, accidentals in
+
+@knownissues
Simultaneous notes are considered to be entered in sequential
mode. This means that in a chord the accidentals are typeset as
@node Ambitus
@subsubsection Ambitus
+
@cindex ambitus
+@cindex range of pitches
+@cindex pitch range
-The term @notation{ambitus} or @notation{ambit} denotes a range of
+The term @notation{ambitus} (pl. ambitus) denotes a range of
pitches for a given voice in a part of music. It may also denote
the pitch range that a musical instrument is capable of playing.
-Ambits are printed on vocal parts so that performers can easily
+Ambitus are printed on vocal parts so that performers can easily
determine if it matches their capabilities.
-Ambits are denoted at the beginning of a piece near the initial
+Ambitus are denoted at the beginning of a piece near the initial
clef. The range is graphically specified by two note heads that
represent the lowest and highest pitches. Accidentals are only
printed if they are not part of the key signature.
@end lilypond
-@commonprop
+@snippets
@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc]
{adding-ambiti-per-voice.ly}
@seealso
+Music Glossary: @rglos{ambitus}.
+
Snippets: @lsrdir{Pitches,Pitches}.
Internals Reference: @internalsref{Ambitus},
@internalsref{Staff}, @internalsref{Voice}.
-@refbugs
+@knownissues
There is no collision handling in the case of multiple per-voice
ambitus.
@node Note heads
@subsection Note heads
+This section suggests ways of altering note heads.
+
@menu
* Special note heads::
* Easy notation note heads::
@subsubsection Special note heads
@cindex note heads, special
+@cindex note heads, cross
+@cindex note heads, diamond
+@cindex note heads, parlato
+@cindex note heads, harmonic
+@cindex note heads, guitar
+@cindex special note heads
+@cindex cross note heads
+@cindex diamond note heads
+@cindex parlato note heads
+@cindex harmonic note heads
+@cindex guitar note heads
Different note heads are used by various instruments for various
meanings -- crosses are used for @q{parlato} with vocalists,
@cindex note heads, easy notation
@cindex easy notation
@cindex Hal Leonard
+@cindex beginners' music
+@cindex music, beginners'
+@cindex easy play note heads
+@cindex note heads, easy play
The @q{easy play} note head includes a note name inside the head.
It is used in music for beginners.
in a large font size. To print with a larger font, see @ref{Setting the
staff size}.
-@refcommands
+@predefined
@funindex \easyHeadsOn
@funindex \easyHeadsOff
@subsubsection Shape note heads
@cindex note heads, shape
+@cindex note heads, Aiken
+@cindex note heads, sacred harp
+@cindex shape notes
+@cindex Aiken shape note heads
+@cindex sacred harp note heads
@funindex \key
@funindex shapeNoteStyles
@funindex \aikenHeads
Shapes are typeset according to the step in the scale, where
the base of the scale is determined by the @code{\key} command.
-@commonprop
+@snippets
@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc]
{applying-noteheads-styles-depending-on-the-step-of-the-scale.ly}
+@noindent
+To see all note head styles, see @ref{Note head styles}.
@seealso
Snippets: @lsrdir{Pitches,Pitches}.
+Notation Reference: @ref{Note head styles}.
+
@node Improvisation
@subsubsection Improvisation
@end lilypond
-@refcommands
+@predefined
@funindex \improvisationOn
@funindex \improvisationOff
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff