+++ /dev/null
-@c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*-
-@ignore
- Translation of GIT committish: FILL-IN-HEAD-COMMITTISH
-
- When revising a translation, copy the HEAD committish of the
- version that you are working on. See TRANSLATION for details.
-@end ignore
-
-@c \version "2.12.0"
-
-@node Percussion
-@section Percussion
-
-@menu
-* Common notation for percussion::
-@end menu
-
-@node Common notation for percussion
-@subsection Common notation for percussion
-
-Rhythmic music is primarily used for percussion and drum notation, but it can
-also be used to show the rhythms of melodies.
-
-@menu
-* References for percussion::
-* Basic percussion notation::
-* Drum rolls::
-* Pitched percussion::
-* Percussion staves::
-* Custom percussion staves::
-* Ghost notes::
-@end menu
-
-@node References for percussion
-@unnumberedsubsubsec References for percussion
-
-TODO add more.
-
-@itemize
-
-@item Some percussion may be notated on a rhythmic staff; this is
-discussed in @ref{Showing melody rhythms}, and
-@ref{Instantiating new staves}.
-
-@item MIDI output is discussed in a separate section; please see
-@ref{Percussion in MIDI}.
-
-@end itemize
-
-
-@seealso
-Notation Reference:
-@ref{Showing melody rhythms},
-@ref{Instantiating new staves}.
-@ref{Percussion in MIDI}.
-
-Snippets: @rlsr{Percussion}.
-
-
-@node Basic percussion notation
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Basic percussion notation
-
-@cindex percussion
-@cindex drums
-
-Percussion notes may be entered in @code{\drummode} mode, which is
-similar to the standard mode for entering notes. The simplest way
-to enter percussion notes is to use the @code{\drums} command,
-which creates the correct context and entry mode for percussion:
-
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
-\drums {
- hihat4 hh bassdrum bd
-}
-@end lilypond
-
-This is shorthand for:
-
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
-\new DrumStaff {
- \drummode {
- hihat4 hh bassdrum bd
- }
-}
-@end lilypond
-
-Each piece of percussion has a full name and an abbreviated name,
-and both can be used in input files. The full list of percussion
-note names may be found in @ref{Percussion notes}.
-
-Note that the normal notation of pitches (such as @code{cis4}) in
-a @code{DrumStaff} context will cause an error message.
-Percussion clefs are added automatically to a @code{DrumStaff}
-contex, but other clefs may also be used.
-
-There are a few issues concerning MIDI support for percussion
-instruments; for details please see @ref{Percussion in MIDI}.
-
-
-@seealso
-Notation Reference: @ref{Percussion in MIDI}, @ref{Percussion notes}.
-
-File: @file{ly/@/drumpitch@/-init@/.ly}
-
-Snippets: @rlsr{Percussion}.
-
-
-@node Drum rolls
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Drum rolls
-
-Drum rolls are indicated with three slashes across the stem. For
-quarter notes or longer the three slashes are shown explicitly,
-eighth notes are shown with two slashes (the beam being the
-third), and drum rolls shorter than eighths have one stem slash to
-supplement the beams. This is achieved with the tremolo notation,
-@code{:32}, as described in @ref{Tremolo repeats}. Here is an
-example of some snare rolls:
-
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
-\drums {
- \time 2/4
- sn16 sn8 sn16 sn8 sn8:32 ~
- sn8 sn8 sn4:32 ~
- sn4 sn8 sn16 sn16
- sn4 r4
-}
-@end lilypond
-
-Sticking can be indicated by placing @code{^"R"} or @code{^"L"}
-after the note. The @code{staff-padding} property may be
-overridden to achieve a pleasing baseline.
-
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
-\drums {
- \repeat unfold 2 {
- sn16 ^"L" sn^"R" sn^"L" sn^"L" sn^"R" sn^"L" sn^"R" sn^"R"
- }
-}
-@end lilypond
-
-
-@seealso
-Snippets: @rlsr{Percussion}.
-
-
-@node Pitched percussion
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Pitched percussion
-
-Certain pitched percussion instruments (e.g. xylophone,
-vibraphone, and timpani) are written using normal staves.
-This is covered in other sections of the manual.
-
-
-@seealso
-@c TODO: possibly link to an alternate section of NR 3.5, if
-@c "percussion in MIDI" gets a separate subsubsection for
-@c pitched percussion sounds. -gp
-Notation Reference: @ref{Percussion in MIDI}.
-
-Snippets: @rlsr{Percussion}.
-
-
-@node Percussion staves
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Percussion staves
-
-@cindex percussion
-@cindex drums
-
-A percussion part for more than one instrument typically uses a
-multiline staff where each position in the staff refers to one
-piece of percussion. To typeset the music, the notes must be
-interpreted in @code{DrumStaff} and @code{DrumVoice} context.
-
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
-up = \drummode {
- crashcymbal4 hihat8 halfopenhihat hh hh hh openhihat
-}
-down = \drummode {
- bassdrum4 snare8 bd r bd sn4
-}
-\new DrumStaff <<
- \new DrumVoice { \voiceOne \up }
- \new DrumVoice { \voiceTwo \down }
->>
-@end lilypond
-
-The above example shows verbose polyphonic notation. The short
-polyphonic notation, described in @rlearning{I'm hearing Voices},
-can also be used if the voices are instantiated by hand first.
-For example,
-
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
-\new DrumStaff <<
- \new DrumVoice = "1" { s1*2 }
- \new DrumVoice = "2" { s1*2 }
- \drummode {
- bd4 sn4 bd4 sn4
- << {
- \repeat unfold 16 hh16
- } \\ {
- bd4 sn4 bd4 sn4
- } >>
- }
->>
-@end lilypond
-
-There are also other layout possibilities. To use these, set the
-property @code{drumStyleTable} in context @code{DrumVoice}. The
-following variables have been predefined:
-
-@c FIXME: decide what to do about this table. (ie verbatim or not)
-@table @code
-
-@item drums-style
-This is the default. It typesets a typical drum kit on a
-five-line staff:
-
-@lilypond[quote,line-width=10.0\cm]
-nam = \lyricmode {
- cymc cyms cymr hh hhc hho hhho hhp
- cb hc bd sn ss tomh tommh tomml toml tomfh tomfl }
-mus = \drummode {
- cymc cyms cymr hh hhc hho hhho hhp \break
- cb hc bd sn ss tomh tommh tomml toml tomfh tomfl s16 }
-\score {
- << \new DrumStaff \with {
- \remove Bar_engraver
- \remove Time_signature_engraver
- \override Stem #'transparent = ##t
- \override Stem #'Y-extent = ##f
- \override VerticalAxisGroup #'minimum-Y-extent = #'(-4.0 . 5.0)
- } \mus
- \new Lyrics \nam
- >>
- \layout {
- \context {
- \Score
- \override LyricText #'font-family = #'typewriter
- \override BarNumber #'transparent =##T
- }
- }
-}
-@end lilypond
-
-The drum scheme supports six different toms. When there are fewer
-toms, simply select the toms that produce the desired result. For
-example, to get toms on the three middle lines you use
-@code{tommh}, @code{tomml}, and @code{tomfh}.
-
-@item timbales-style
-This typesets timbales on a two line staff:
-
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
-nam = \lyricmode { timh ssh timl ssl cb }
-mus = \drummode { timh ssh timl ssl cb s16 }
-
-<<
- \new DrumStaff \with {
- \remove Bar_engraver
- \remove Time_signature_engraver
- \override Stem #'transparent = ##t
- \override Stem #'Y-extent = ##f
- \override StaffSymbol #'line-count = #2
- \override StaffSymbol #'staff-space = #2
- \override VerticalAxisGroup #'minimum-Y-extent = #'(-3.0 . 4.0)
- drumStyleTable = #timbales-style
- } \mus
- \new Lyrics {
- \override LyricText #'font-family = #'typewriter
- \nam
- }
->>
-@end lilypond
-
-@item congas-style
-This typesets congas on a two line staff:
-
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
-nam = \lyricmode { cgh cgho cghm ssh cgl cglo cglm ssl }
-mus = \drummode { cgh cgho cghm ssh cgl cglo cglm ssl s16 }
-
-<<
- \new DrumStaff \with {
- \remove Bar_engraver
- \remove Time_signature_engraver
- drumStyleTable = #congas-style
- \override StaffSymbol #'line-count = #2
-
- %% this sucks; it will lengthen stems.
- \override StaffSymbol #'staff-space = #2
- \override Stem #'transparent = ##t
- \override Stem #'Y-extent = ##f
- } \mus
- \new Lyrics {
- \override LyricText #'font-family = #'typewriter
- \nam
- }
->>
-@end lilypond
-
-@item bongos-style
-This typesets bongos on a two line staff:
-
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
-nam = \lyricmode { boh boho bohm ssh bol bolo bolm ssl }
-mus = \drummode { boh boho bohm ssh bol bolo bolm ssl s16 }
-
-<<
- \new DrumStaff \with {
- \remove Bar_engraver
- \remove Time_signature_engraver
- \override StaffSymbol #'line-count = #2
- drumStyleTable = #bongos-style
-
- %% this sucks; it will lengthen stems.
- \override StaffSymbol #'staff-space = #2
- \override Stem #'transparent = ##t
- \override Stem #'Y-extent = ##f
- } \mus
- \new Lyrics {
- \override LyricText #'font-family = #'typewriter
- \nam
- }
->>
-@end lilypond
-
-@item percussion-style
-To typeset all kinds of simple percussion on one line staves:
-
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
-nam = \lyricmode { tri trio trim gui guis guil cb cl tamb cab mar hc }
-mus = \drummode { tri trio trim gui guis guil cb cl tamb cab mar hc s16 }
-
-<<
- \new DrumStaff \with{
- \remove Bar_engraver
- drumStyleTable = #percussion-style
- \override StaffSymbol #'line-count = #1
- \remove Time_signature_engraver
- \override Stem #'transparent = ##t
- \override Stem #'Y-extent = ##f
- } \mus
- \new Lyrics {
- \override LyricText #'font-family = #'typewriter
- \nam
- }
->>
-@end lilypond
-@end table
-
-
-@node Custom percussion staves
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Custom percussion staves
-
-If you do not like any of the predefined lists you can define your
-own list at the top of your file.
-
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
-#(define mydrums '(
- (bassdrum default #f -1)
- (snare default #f 0)
- (hihat cross #f 1)
- (pedalhihat xcircle "stopped" 2)
- (lowtom diamond #f 3)))
-up = \drummode { hh8 hh hh hh hhp4 hhp }
-down = \drummode { bd4 sn bd toml8 toml }
-
-\new DrumStaff <<
- \set DrumStaff.drumStyleTable = #(alist->hash-table mydrums)
- \new DrumVoice { \voiceOne \up }
- \new DrumVoice { \voiceTwo \down }
->>
-@end lilypond
-
-
-@snippets
-
-FIXME: MOVE ALL THESE TO LSR! -gp
-
-Here are some examples:
-
-Two Woodblocks, entered with wbh (high woodblock) and wbl (low woodblock)
-
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
-% These lines define the position of the woodblocks in the stave;
-% if you like, you can change it or you can use special note heads
-% for the woodblocks.
-#(define mydrums '((hiwoodblock default #t 3)
- (lowoodblock default #t -2)))
-
-woodstaff = {
- % This defines a staff with only two lines.
- % It also defines the positions of the two lines.
- \override Staff.StaffSymbol #'line-positions = #'(-2 3)
-
- % This is neccessary; if not entered, the barline would be too short!
- \override Staff.BarLine #'bar-size = #3
-}
-
-\new DrumStaff {
- \set DrumStaff.drumStyleTable = #(alist->hash-table mydrums)
-
- % with this you load your new drum style table
- \woodstaff
-
- \drummode {
- \time 2/4
- wbl8 wbl16 wbl wbh8-> wbl |
- wbl8 wbl16 wbh-> ~ wbh wbl16 r8 |
- }
-}
-@end lilypond
-
-Note that in this special case the length of the barline must
-altered with @code{\override Staff.BarLine #'bar-size #number}.
-Otherwise it would be too short. And you have also to define the
-positions of the two stafflines. For more information about these
-delicate things have a look at @ref{Staff symbol}.
-
-A tambourine, entered with @q{tamb}:
-
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
-#(define mydrums '((tambourine default #t 0)))
-
-tambustaff = {
- \override Staff.StaffSymbol #'line-positions = #'( 0 )
- \override Staff.BarLine #'bar-size = #3
- \set DrumStaff.instrumentName = #"Tambourine"
-}
-
-\new DrumStaff {
- \tambustaff
- \set DrumStaff.drumStyleTable = #(alist->hash-table mydrums)
-
- \drummode {
- \time 6/8
- tamb8. tamb16 tamb8 tamb tamb tamb |
- tamb4. tamb8 tamb tamb |
- % the trick with the scaled duration and the shorter rest
- % is neccessary for the correct ending of the trill-span!
- tamb2.*5/6 \startTrillSpan s8 \stopTrillSpan |
- }
-}
-@end lilypond
-
-Music for Tam-Tam (entered with @q{tt}):
-
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
-#(define mydrums '((tamtam default #t 0)))
-
-tamtamstaff = {
- \override Staff.StaffSymbol #'line-positions = #'( 0 )
- \override Staff.BarLine #'bar-size = #3
- \set DrumStaff.instrumentName = #"Tamtam"
-}
-
-\new DrumStaff {
- \tamtamstaff
- \set DrumStaff.drumStyleTable = #(alist->hash-table mydrums)
-
- \drummode {
- tt 1 \pp \laissezVibrer
- }
-}
-@end lilypond
-
-Two different bells, entered with @q{cb} (cowbell) and @q{rb} (ridebell)
-
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
-#(define mydrums '((ridebell default #t 3)
- (cowbell default #t -2)))
-
-bellstaff = {
- \override DrumStaff.StaffSymbol #'line-positions = #'(-2 3)
- \set DrumStaff.drumStyleTable = #(alist->hash-table mydrums)
- \override Staff.BarLine #'bar-size = #3
- \set DrumStaff.instrumentName = #"Different Bells"
-}
-
-\new DrumStaff {
- \bellstaff
- \drummode {
- \time 2/4
- rb8 rb cb cb16 rb-> ~ |
- rb16 rb8 rb16 cb8 cb |
- }
-}
-@end lilypond
-
-Here an short example by maestro Stravinsky (from @q{L'histoire du Soldat})
-
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
-#(define mydrums '((bassdrum default #t 4)
- (snare default #t -4)
- (tambourine default #t 0)))
-
-global = {
- \time 3/8 s4.
- \time 2/4 s2*2
- \time 3/8 s4.
- \time 2/4 s2
-}
-
-drumsA = {
- \context DrumVoice <<
- { \global }
- { \drummode {
- \autoBeamOff
- \stemDown sn8 \stemUp tamb s8 |
- sn4 \stemDown sn4 |
- \stemUp tamb8 \stemDown sn8 \stemUp sn16 \stemDown sn \stemUp sn8 |
- \stemDown sn8 \stemUp tamb s8 |
- \stemUp sn4 s8 \stemUp tamb
- }
- }
- >>
-}
-
-drumsB = {
- \drummode {
- s4 bd8 s2*2 s4 bd8 s4 bd8 s8
- }
-}
-
-\layout {
- indent = #40
-}
-
-\score {
- \new StaffGroup <<
- \new DrumStaff {
- \set DrumStaff.instrumentName = \markup {
- \column {
- "Tambourine"
- "et"
- "caisse claire s. timbre"
- }
- }
- \set DrumStaff.drumStyleTable = #(alist->hash-table mydrums)
- \drumsA
- }
-
- \new DrumStaff {
- \set DrumStaff.instrumentName = #"Grosse Caisse"
- \set DrumStaff.drumStyleTable = #(alist->hash-table mydrums)
- \drumsB }
- >>
-}
-@end lilypond
-
-
-@seealso
-Snippets: @rlsr{Percussion}.
-
-Internals Reference: @rinternals{DrumStaff}, @rinternals{DrumVoice}.
-
-
-@c TODO: check name -gp
-@node Ghost notes
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Ghost notes
-
-Ghost notes for drums and percussion may be created using the
-@code{\parenthesize} command detailed in @ref{Parentheses}.
-However, the default @code{\drummode} does not include the
-@code{Parenthesis_engraver} plugin which allows this.
-
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment]
-\new DrumStaff \with {
- \consists "Parenthesis_engraver"
-}
-<<
- \context DrumVoice = "1" { s1 }
- \context DrumVoice = "2" { s1 }
- \drummode {
- <<
- {
- hh8[ hh] <hh sn> hh16
- < \parenthesize sn > hh
- < \parenthesize sn > hh8 <hh sn> hh
- } \\
- {
- bd4 r4 bd8 bd r8 bd
- }
- >>
- }
->>
-@end lilypond
-
-@noindent
-Also note that you must add chords (@code{< >} brackets)
-around each @code{\parenthesize} statement.
-
-
-@seealso
-Snippets: @rlsr{Percussion}.
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff