formatting in polyphonic music easier. Rest collision testing will
leave these rests alone
+@cindex @code{\rest}
+
@lilypond[quote,raggedright,verbatim]
a'4\rest d'4\rest
@end lilypond
@cindex duration
+@cindex @code{\longa}
+@cindex @code{\breve}
+@cindex @code{\maxima}
In Note, Chord, and Lyrics mode, durations are designated by numbers
@seealso
+User manual: @ref{Changing context properties on the fly} for the
+@code{\set} command.
+
+
Program reference: @internalsref{TupletBracket}, and @internalsref{TimeScaledMusic}.
Examples: @inputfileref{input/regression,tuplet-nest.ly}.
@cindex @code{\notes}
The pitch after the @code{\relative} contains a note name. To parse
-the note name as a pitch, it must surrounded by @code{\notes}
+the note name as a pitch, it must be surrounded by @code{\notes}
The relative conversion will not affect @code{\transpose},
@code{\chords} or @code{\relative} sections in its argument. If you
-There is also a syntax that is separate from the notes.
+There is also a syntax that is separate from the notes. The syntax
+
@example
\octave @var{pitch}
@end example
-This checks that @var{pitch} (without octave) yields @var{pitch} (with
-octave) in \relative mode. If not, a warning is printed, and the
+This checks that @var{pitch} (without quotes) yields @var{pitch} (with
+quotes) in \relative mode. If not, a warning is printed, and the
octave is corrected, for example, the first check is passed
successfully. The second check fails with an error message. The
octave is adjusted so the following notes are in the correct octave
@node Unmetered music
@subsection Unmetered music
+@cindex @code{\bar}
+
Bar lines and bar numbers are calculated automatically. For unmetered
music (e.g. cadenzas), this is not desirable. By setting
@code{Score.timing} to false, this automatic timing can be switched
indicate where line breaks can occur.
-
@refcommands
@cindex @code{\cadenzaOn}
is set to a string, a bar line of that type is created.
@cindex whichBar
-@cindex repeatCommands
+@cindex @code{repeatCommands}
@cindex defaultBarType
You are encouraged to use @code{\repeat} for repetitions. See
is to split chords using the separator @code{\\}. You can use it for
small, short-lived voices or for single chords
+@cindex @code{\\}
+
@lilypond[quote,verbatim,fragment]
\context Staff \relative c'' {
c4 << { f d e } \\ { b c2 } >>
c8 c4. } \\ { c2 c2 } >>
@end lilypond
-LilyPond also vertically shifts rests that are opposite of a stem
-
+LilyPond also vertically shifts rests that are opposite of a stem,
+for example
@lilypond[quote,raggedright,fragment,verbatim]
\context Voice << c''4 \\ r4 >>
@cindex auto-knee-gap
+@seealso
+
+User manual: @ref{Changing context properties on the fly} for the
+@code{\set} command
+
@refbugs
}
@end lilypond
+@seealso
+
+Brackets for the repeat are normally only printed over the topmost
+staff. This can be adjusted by setting the @code{voltaOnThisStaff}
+property @inputfileref{input/regression,volta-multi-staff.ly},
+@inputfileref{input/regression,volta-chord-names.ly}
+
@refbugs
A nested repeat like
For clarity, it is advisable to use braces in such situations.
@cindex ambiguity
+
+
+Timing information is not remembered at the start of an alternative,
+so after a repeat timing information must be reset by hand, for
+example by setting @code{Score.measurePosition} or entering
+@code{\partial}. Similarly, slurs or ties are also not repeated.
+
+
+
+
@node Repeats and MIDI
@subsection Repeats and MIDI
example file @inputfileref{input/test,unfold-all-repeats.ly}.
-@refbugs
-
-Timing information is not remembered at the start of an alternative,
-so after a repeat timing information must be reset by hand, for
-example by setting @code{Score.measurePosition} or entering
-@code{\partial}. Similarly, slurs or ties are also not repeated.
-
@node Manual repeat commands
@subsection Manual repeat commands
@node Vocal music
@section Vocal music
-This section discusses how to enter and print lyrics.
+
+The easiest way to add lyrics to a melody, is by appending
+
+
+@cindex \newlyrics
+@example
+ \newlyrics @{ @var{the lyrics} @}
+@end example
+
+to a melody. Here is an example,
+
+@lilypond[raggedright,verbatim]
+ \relative { \time 3/4 c2 e4 g2. }
+ \newlyrics { play the game }
+@end lilypond
+
+More stanzas can be added by adding more
+@code{\newlyrics} sections
+
+@lilypond[raggedright,verbatim]
+ \relative { \time 3/4 c2 e4 g2. }
+ \newlyrics { play the game }
+ \newlyrics { speel het spel }
+ \newlyrics { joue le jeu }
+@end lilypond
+
+The @code{\newlyrics} keyword has three functions: it interprets the
+following words as texts instead of notes, it sets up a context for
+printing texts (the @code{Lyrics} context), and it couples the melody
+with the lyrics, so the durations of both are aligned.
+
+These three functions can be controlled separately, and that is what
+the following sections are about.
@menu
+* Easy lyrics entry
* Entering lyrics::
* The Lyrics context::
* More stanzas::
@cindex punctuation
Lyrics are entered in a special input mode. This mode is is introduced
-by the keyword @code{\lyrics}. In this mode you can enter lyrics, with
-punctuation and accents without any hassle. Syllables are entered like
-notes, but with pitches replaced by text. For example,
+by the keyword @code{\lyrics}. In this mode you can enter lyrics,
+with punctuation and accents without any hassle. Syllables are
+entered like notes, but with pitches replaced by text. For example,
@example
\lyrics @{ Twin-4 kle4 twin- kle litt- le star2 @}
@end example
Any @code{_} character which appears in an unquoted word is converted
to a space. This provides a mechanism for introducing spaces into words
without using quotes. Quoted words can also be used in Lyrics mode to
-specify words that cannot be written with the above rules
+specify words that cannot be written with the above rules. The
+following example incorporates double quotes
@example
\lyrics @{ He said: "\"Let" my peo ple "go\"" @}
@end example
-However, at least for english texts, you should use
+
+This example is slightly academic, since it gives better looking
+results to use matched single quotes, @code{``} and @code{''}
@example
\lyrics @{ He said: ``Let my peo ple go'' @}
@end example
-to get the correct shape of the starting and ending quote.
@cindex hyphens
@subsection The Lyrics context
-@c TODO: document \newlyrics
-
Lyrics are printed by interpreting them in a @internalsref{Lyrics} context
@example
\context Lyrics \lyrics @dots{}
setting corresponding names for both contexts. The latter is explained
in @ref{More stanzas}.
+@c TODO: document \new Staff << Voice \lyricsto >> bug
+
@node More stanzas
@subsection More stanzas
@internalsref{VocalName}. Music expressions
@internalsref{LyricEvent}.
-@refbugs
-
-@cindex ambiguity
-
-Input for lyrics introduces a syntactical ambiguity
-
-@example
-foo = bar
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-is interpreted as assigning a string identifier @code{\foo} such that
-it contains @code{"bar"}. However, it could also be interpreted as
-making or a music identifier @code{\foo} containing the syllable
-`bar'. The force the latter interpretation, use
-@example
-foo = \lyrics bar4
-@end example
@node Ambitus
@node Tablatures
@section Tablatures
+@cindex tablature
+@cindex guitar tablature
+
Tablature notation is used for notating music for plucked string
instruments. It notates pitches not by using note heads, but by
indicating on which string and fret a note must be played. LilyPond
@end lilypond
@cindex minimumFret
+@cindex fret
When no string is specified, the first string that does not give a
fret number less than @code{minimumFret} is selected. The default
}
@end lilypond
+For longer instrument names, it may be useful to increase the
+@code{indent} setting in the @code{\paper} block.
+
@seealso
Program reference: @internalsref{InstrumentName}.
\transposition bes %% B-flat clarinet
@end example
-This command sets the property @code{instrumentTuning}. The value of
+This command sets the property @code{instrumentTransposition}. The value of
this property is used for MIDI output and quotations. It does not
affect how notes are printed in the current staff.
settings. Hence, the MIDI file should not have more than 15 staves
(or 14 if you do not use drums). Other staves will remain silent.
+Not all MIDI players correctly handle tempo change in the MIDI
+output. Players that are known to work include
+@uref{timidity,http://timidity.sourceforge.net/}
+
@menu
* MIDI block::
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff