formatting in polyphonic music easier. Rest collision testing will
leave these rests alone
+@cindex @code{\rest}
+
@lilypond[quote,raggedright,verbatim]
a'4\rest d'4\rest
@end lilypond
@cindex duration
+@cindex @code{\longa}
+@cindex @code{\breve}
+@cindex @code{\maxima}
In Note, Chord, and Lyrics mode, durations are designated by numbers
\paper {
raggedright = ##t
\context {
- \StaffContext
+ \Staff
\remove "Clef_engraver"
\override StaffSymbol #'transparent = ##t
\override TimeSignature #'transparent = ##t
@seealso
+User manual: @ref{Changing context properties on the fly} for the
+@code{\set} command.
+
+
Program reference: @internalsref{TupletBracket}, and @internalsref{TimeScaledMusic}.
Examples: @inputfileref{input/regression,tuplet-nest.ly}.
@cindex @code{\notes}
The pitch after the @code{\relative} contains a note name. To parse
-the note name as a pitch, it must surrounded by @code{\notes}
+the note name as a pitch, it must be surrounded by @code{\notes}
The relative conversion will not affect @code{\transpose},
@code{\chords} or @code{\relative} sections in its argument. If you
-There is also a syntax that is separate from the notes.
+There is also a syntax that is separate from the notes. The syntax
+
@example
\octave @var{pitch}
@end example
-This checks that @var{pitch} (without octave) yields @var{pitch} (with
-octave) in \relative mode. If not, a warning is printed, and the
+This checks that @var{pitch} (without quotes) yields @var{pitch} (with
+quotes) in \relative mode. If not, a warning is printed, and the
octave is corrected, for example, the first check is passed
successfully. The second check fails with an error message. The
octave is adjusted so the following notes are in the correct octave
speed up this process, you can use @code{skipTypesetting}, described
in the next section.
+It is also possible to redefine the meaning of @code{|}. This is done
+by assigning a music expression to @code{pipeSymbol},
+
+@lilypond
+pipeSymbol = \bar "||"
+
+\score {
+ \notes { c'2 c'2 | c'2 c'2 | }
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+
@node Skipping corrected music
@subsection Skipping corrected music
In the following examples, notes crossing the bar line are split and tied.
-@lilypond[quote,fragment,verbatim,relative=2,raggedright]
+@lilypond[quote,fragment,verbatim,relative=1,raggedright]
\new Voice \with {
\remove "Note_heads_engraver"
\consists "Completion_heads_engraver"
}
\paper {
\context {
- \StaffContext
+ \Staff
\consists "Measure_grouping_engraver"
}
}
@node Unmetered music
@subsection Unmetered music
+@cindex @code{\bar}
+
Bar lines and bar numbers are calculated automatically. For unmetered
music (e.g. cadenzas), this is not desirable. By setting
@code{Score.timing} to false, this automatic timing can be switched
indicate where line breaks can occur.
-
@refcommands
@cindex @code{\cadenzaOn}
is set to a string, a bar line of that type is created.
@cindex whichBar
-@cindex repeatCommands
+@cindex @code{repeatCommands}
@cindex defaultBarType
You are encouraged to use @code{\repeat} for repetitions. See
is to split chords using the separator @code{\\}. You can use it for
small, short-lived voices or for single chords
+@cindex @code{\\}
+
@lilypond[quote,verbatim,fragment]
\context Staff \relative c'' {
c4 << { f d e } \\ { b c2 } >>
Normally, note heads with a different number of dots are not merged, but
when the object property @code{merge-differently-dotted} is set in
the @internalsref{NoteCollision} object, they are merged
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim,fragment,raggedright]
-\relative c'' \context Voice << {
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim,fragment,raggedright,relative=2]
+\context Voice << {
g8 g8
\override Staff.NoteCollision
#'merge-differently-dotted = ##t
Similarly, you can merge half note heads with eighth notes, by setting
@code{merge-differently-headed}
-@lilypond[quote,fragment,relative=3,verbatim]
+@lilypond[quote,fragment,relative=2,verbatim]
\context Voice << {
c8 c4.
\override Staff.NoteCollision
c8 c4. } \\ { c2 c2 } >>
@end lilypond
-LilyPond also vertically shifts rests that are opposite of a stem
-
+LilyPond also vertically shifts rests that are opposite of a stem,
+for example
@lilypond[quote,raggedright,fragment,verbatim]
\context Voice << c''4 \\ r4 >>
Beams are used to group short notes into chunks that are aligned with
the metrum. They are inserted automatically
-@lilypond[quote,fragment,verbatim,relative=3]
+@lilypond[quote,fragment,verbatim,relative=2]
\time 2/4 c8 c c c \time 6/8 c c c c8. c16 c8
@end lilypond
Individual notes may be marked with @code{\noBeam}, to prevent them
from being beamed
-@lilypond[quote,fragment,verbatim,relative=3]
+@lilypond[quote,fragment,verbatim,relative=2]
\time 2/4 c8 c\noBeam c c
@end lilypond
@cindex auto-knee-gap
+@seealso
+
+User manual: @ref{Changing context properties on the fly} for the
+@code{\set} command
+
@refbugs
Automatically kneed cross-staff beams cannot be used together with
hidden staves.
+Beams do not avoid collisions with symbols around the notes, such as
+texts and accidentals.
}
\paper {
\context {
- \StaffContext \consists "Horizontal_bracket_engraver"
+ \Staff \consists "Horizontal_bracket_engraver"
}}}
@end lilypond
@end lilypond
@noindent
-In this case, setting @code{fingeringOrientations} will put fingerings next
+iIn this case, setting @code{fingeringOrientations} will put fingerings next
to note heads
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim,raggedright,fragment,relative=2]
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim,raggedright,fragment,relative=1]
\set fingeringOrientations = #'(left down)
<c-1 es-2 g-4 bes-5 > 4
\set fingeringOrientations = #'(up right down)
@cindex appoggiatura
@cindex acciaccatura
-@lilypond[quote,relative=3,verbatim,fragment]
+@lilypond[quote,relative=2,verbatim,fragment]
b4 \acciaccatura d8 c4 \appoggiatura e8 d4
\acciaccatura { g16[ f] } e4
@end lilypond
Both are special forms of the @code{\grace} command. By prefixing this
keyword to a music expression, a new one is formed, which will be
printed in a smaller font and takes up no logical time in a measure.
-@lilypond[quote,relative=3,verbatim,fragment]
+
+@lilypond[quote,relative=2,verbatim,fragment]
c4 \grace c16 c4
\grace { c16[ d16] } c2 c4
@end lilypond
In the following example, there are two sixteenth graces notes for
every eighth grace note
-@lilypond[quote,relative=3,verbatim,fragment]
+@lilypond[quote,relative=2,verbatim,fragment]
<< \new Staff { e4 \grace { c16[ d e f] } e4 }
\new Staff { c'4 \grace { g8[ b] } c4 } >>
@end lilypond
If you want to end a note with a grace, the standard trick is to put
the grace notes after a ``space note''
-@lilypond[quote,fragment,verbatim,relative=3]
+@lilypond[quote,fragment,verbatim,relative=2]
\context Voice {
<< { d1^\trill ( }
{ s2 \grace { c16[ d] } } >>
@example
\new Staff @{
- #(add-grace-property "Voice" Stem direction '())
+ #(add-grace-property 'Voice 'Stem 'direction '())
@dots{}
@}
@end example
such as key signatures, bar lines, etc. are also synchronized. Take
care when you mix staves with grace notes and staves without, for example,
-@lilypond[quote,relative=3,verbatim,fragment]
+@lilypond[quote,relative=2,verbatim,fragment]
<< \new Staff { e4 \bar "|:" \grace c16 d4 }
\new Staff { c4 \bar "|:" d4 } >>
@end lilypond
You can also use a text saying @emph{cresc.} instead of hairpins. Here
is an example how to do it
-@lilypond[quote,fragment,relative=3,verbatim]
+@lilypond[quote,fragment,relative=2,verbatim]
\setTextCresc
c \< d e f\!
\setHairpinCresc
}
@end lilypond
+@seealso
+
+Brackets for the repeat are normally only printed over the topmost
+staff. This can be adjusted by setting the @code{voltaOnThisStaff}
+property @inputfileref{input/regression,volta-multi-staff.ly},
+@inputfileref{input/regression,volta-chord-names.ly}
+
@refbugs
A nested repeat like
For clarity, it is advisable to use braces in such situations.
@cindex ambiguity
+
+
+Timing information is not remembered at the start of an alternative,
+so after a repeat timing information must be reset by hand, for
+example by setting @code{Score.measurePosition} or entering
+@code{\partial}. Similarly, slurs or ties are also not repeated.
+
+
+
+
@node Repeats and MIDI
@subsection Repeats and MIDI
example file @inputfileref{input/test,unfold-all-repeats.ly}.
-@refbugs
-
-Timing information is not remembered at the start of an alternative,
-so after a repeat timing information must be reset by hand, for
-example by setting @code{Score.measurePosition} or entering
-@code{\partial}. Similarly, slurs or ties are also not repeated.
-
@node Manual repeat commands
@subsection Manual repeat commands
stops a running volta bracket
@end table
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim,fragment,relative=3]
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim,fragment,relative=2]
c4
\set Score.repeatCommands = #'((volta "93") end-repeat)
c4 c4
patterns that divide the measure length are replaced by slashes
@lilypond[quote,verbatim,raggedright]
-\context Voice { \repeat "percent" 4 { c'4 }
- \repeat "percent" 2 { c'2 es'2 f'4 fis'4 g'4 c''4 }
-}
+\repeat "percent" 4 { c'4 }
+\repeat "percent" 2 { c'2 es'2 f'4 fis'4 g'4 c''4 }
@end lilypond
@seealso
hihat hh bassdrum bd
@end example
@lilypond[quote,raggedright]
- \new DrumStaff \drums { hihat hh bassdrum bd
- }
+\new DrumStaff \drums { hihat hh bassdrum bd }
@end lilypond
The complete list of drum names is in the init file
the @internalsref{DrumVoices} are instantiated by hand first. For example,
@lilypond[quote,fragment,verbatim]
-\drums \new DrumStaff <<
+\new DrumStaff <<
\context DrumVoice = "1" { s1 *2 }
\context DrumVoice = "2" { s1 *2 }
- {
+ \drums {
bd4 sn4 bd4 sn4
<<
{ \repeat unfold 16 hh16 }
\paper {
%% need to do this, because of indented @itemize
linewidth= 9 \cm
- \context { \ScoreContext
+ \context { \Score
\override LyricText #'font-family = #'typewriter
\override BarNumber #'transparent =##T
}}}
Voices can switch automatically between the top and the bottom
staff. The syntax for this is
+
+@quotation
@example
- \autochange \context Voice @{ @dots{}@var{music}@dots{} @}
+\autochange \context Voice @{ @dots{}@var{music}@dots{} @}
@end example
+@end quotation
+
+@noindent
The two staves of the piano staff must be named @code{up} and
@code{down}.
+A @code{\relative} section that is outside of @code{\autochange} has
+no effect on the pitches of @var{music}, so, if necessary, put
+@code{\relative} inside @code{\autochange} like
+
+@quotation
+@example
+\autochange \relative @dots{} \new Voice @dots{}
+@end example
+@end quotation
+
+
The autochanger switches on basis of pitch (middle C is the turning
point), and it looks ahead skipping over rests to switch in
advance. Here is a practical example
quality output, staff switches should be specified manually.
+@code{\autochange} cannot be inside @code{\times}.
+
+Internally, the @code{\partcombine} interprets both arguments as
+@code{Voice}s named @code{one} and @code{two}, and then decides when
+the parts can be combined. Consequently, if the arguments switch to
+differently named @internalsref{Voice} contexts, the events in those
+will be ignored.
+
@node Manual staff switches
@subsection Manual staff switches
The string @var{staffname} is the name of the staff. It switches the
current voice from its current staff to the Staff called
@var{staffname}. Typically @var{staffname} is @code{"up"} or
-@code{"down"}.
+@code{"down"}. The @context{Staff} referred to must already exist, so
+usually the setup for a score will start with a setup of the staves,
+
+@example
+ <<
+ \context Staff = up @{
+ \skip 1 * 10 %@emph{ keep staff alive}
+ @}
+ \context Staff = down @{
+ \skip 1 * 10 %@emph{idem}
+ @}
+ >>
+@end example
+and the @context{Voice} is inserted afterwards
+
+@example
+ \context Staff = down
+ \new Voice @{ @dots{} \change Staff = up @dots{} @}
+@end example
+
@node Pedals
@subsection Pedals
Pedals can also be indicated by a sequence of brackets, by setting the
@code{pedalSustainStyle} property to @code{bracket} objects
-@lilypond[quote,fragment,verbatim,relative=3]
+@lilypond[quote,fragment,verbatim,relative=2]
\set Staff.pedalSustainStyle = #'bracket
c\sustainDown d e
b\sustainUp\sustainDown
obtained by setting the @code{pedalSustainStyle} style property to
@code{mixed}
-@lilypond[quote,fragment,verbatim,relative=3]
+@lilypond[quote,fragment,verbatim,relative=2]
\set Staff.pedalSustainStyle = #'mixed
c\sustainDown d e
b\sustainUp\sustainDown
style @code{#'text}. The sostenuto pedal uses @code{mixed} style by
default.
-@lilypond[quote,fragment,verbatim,relative=3]
+@lilypond[quote,fragment,verbatim,relative=2]
c\sostenutoDown d e c, f g a\sostenutoUp
@end lilypond
@internalsref{PianoPedalBracket} in the Program reference) can be modified. For example, the
bracket may be extended to the end of the note head
-@lilypond[quote,fragment,verbatim]
+@lilypond[quote,fragment,verbatim,relative=2]
\override Staff.PianoPedalBracket
#'shorten-pair = #'(0 . -1.0)
c\sostenutoDown d e c, f g a\sostenutoUp
@node Vocal music
@section Vocal music
-This section discusses how to enter and print lyrics.
+
+The easiest way to add lyrics to a melody, is by appending
+
+
+@cindex \newlyrics
+@example
+ \newlyrics @{ @var{the lyrics} @}
+@end example
+
+to a melody. Here is an example,
+
+@lilypond[raggedright,verbatim]
+ \relative { \time 3/4 c2 e4 g2. }
+ \newlyrics { play the game }
+@end lilypond
+
+More stanzas can be added by adding more
+@code{\newlyrics} sections
+
+@lilypond[raggedright,verbatim]
+ \relative { \time 3/4 c2 e4 g2. }
+ \newlyrics { play the game }
+ \newlyrics { speel het spel }
+ \newlyrics { joue le jeu }
+@end lilypond
+
+The @code{\newlyrics} keyword has three functions: it interprets the
+following words as texts instead of notes, it sets up a context for
+printing texts (the @code{Lyrics} context), and it couples the melody
+with the lyrics, so the durations of both are aligned.
+
+These three functions can be controlled separately, and that is what
+the following sections are about.
@menu
+* Easy lyrics entry
* Entering lyrics::
* The Lyrics context::
* More stanzas::
@cindex punctuation
Lyrics are entered in a special input mode. This mode is is introduced
-by the keyword @code{\lyrics}. In this mode you can enter lyrics, with
-punctuation and accents without any hassle. Syllables are entered like
-notes, but with pitches replaced by text. For example,
+by the keyword @code{\lyrics}. In this mode you can enter lyrics,
+with punctuation and accents without any hassle. Syllables are
+entered like notes, but with pitches replaced by text. For example,
@example
\lyrics @{ Twin-4 kle4 twin- kle litt- le star2 @}
@end example
Any @code{_} character which appears in an unquoted word is converted
to a space. This provides a mechanism for introducing spaces into words
without using quotes. Quoted words can also be used in Lyrics mode to
-specify words that cannot be written with the above rules
+specify words that cannot be written with the above rules. The
+following example incorporates double quotes
@example
\lyrics @{ He said: "\"Let" my peo ple "go\"" @}
@end example
-However, at least for english texts, you should use
+
+This example is slightly academic, since it gives better looking
+results to use matched single quotes, @code{``} and @code{''}
@example
\lyrics @{ He said: ``Let my peo ple go'' @}
@end example
-to get the correct shape of the starting and ending quote.
@cindex hyphens
@node The Lyrics context
@subsection The Lyrics context
+
Lyrics are printed by interpreting them in a @internalsref{Lyrics} context
@example
\context Lyrics \lyrics @dots{}
correct duration for each syllable. This is achieved by combining the
melody and the lyrics with the @code{\lyricsto} expression
@example
-\lyricsto @var{name} \new Lyrics @dots{}
+\lyricsto @var{name} \new Lyrics \lyrics @dots{}
@end example
This aligns the lyrics to the
@internalsref{Melisma_translator} in the program reference for more
information.
+Lyrics can also be entered without @code{\lyricsto}. In this case the
+durations of each syllable must be entered explicitly, for example,
+
+@verbatim
+ play2 the4 game2.
+ sink2 or4 swim2.
+@end verbatim
+
+Alignment to a melody can be specified with the @code{associatedVoice}
+property,
+
+@verbatim
+ \set associatedVoice = #"melody"
+@end verbatim
+
+Here is an example demonstrating manual lyric durations,
+
+@lilypond[relative=1,verbatim,fragment]
+<< \context Voice = melody {
+ \time 3/4
+ c2 e4 g2.
+ }
+ \new Lyrics \lyrics {
+ \set associatedVoice = #"melody"
+ play2 the4 game2.
+ } >>
+@end lilypond
+
+
+
+
When multiple stanzas are put on the same melody, it can happen that
two stanzas have melismata in different locations. This can be
remedied by switching off melismata for one
setting corresponding names for both contexts. The latter is explained
in @ref{More stanzas}.
+@c TODO: document \new Staff << Voice \lyricsto >> bug
+
@node More stanzas
@subsection More stanzas
\notes \relative c'' \context Voice = duet {
\time 3/4
g2 e4 a2 f4 g2. }
- \lyrics <<
- \lyricsto "duet" \new Lyrics {
+ <<
+ \lyricsto "duet" \new Lyrics \lyrics {
\set vocalName = "Bert"
Hi, my name is Bert. }
- \lyricsto "duet" \new Lyrics {
+ \lyricsto "duet" \new Lyrics \lyrics {
\set vocalName = "Ernie"
Ooooo, ch\'e -- ri, je t'aime. }
>>
Stanza numbers can be added by setting @code{stanza}, e.g.
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=3]
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=2]
<<
\context Voice = duet {
\time 3/4 g2 e4 a2 f4 g2. }
- \lyrics \lyricsto "duet" \new Lyrics {
+ \lyricsto "duet" \new Lyrics \lyrics {
\set stanza = "1. "
Hi, my name is Bert. }
>>
@internalsref{VocalName}. Music expressions
@internalsref{LyricEvent}.
-@refbugs
-
-@cindex ambiguity
-
-Input for lyrics introduces a syntactical ambiguity
-
-@example
-foo = bar
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-is interpreted as assigning a string identifier @code{\foo} such that
-it contains @code{"bar"}. However, it could also be interpreted as
-making or a music identifier @code{\foo} containing the syllable
-`bar'. The force the latter interpretation, use
-@example
-foo = \lyrics bar4
-@end example
@node Ambitus
@example
\paper @{
\context @{
- \VoiceContext
+ \Voice
\consists Ambitus_engraver
@}
@}
>>
\paper {
\context {
- \StaffContext
+ \Staff
\consists Ambitus_engraver
}
}
@node Tablatures
@section Tablatures
+@cindex tablature
+@cindex guitar tablature
+
Tablature notation is used for notating music for plucked string
instruments. It notates pitches not by using note heads, but by
indicating on which string and fret a note must be played. LilyPond
@end lilypond
@cindex minimumFret
+@cindex fret
When no string is specified, the first string that does not give a
fret number less than @code{minimumFret} is selected. The default
@cindex @code{m}
Since an unaltered 11 does not sound good when combined with an
-unaltered 13, the 11 is removed in this case (unless it is added
+unaltered 3, the 11 is removed in this case (unless it is added
explicitly)
@c
@lilypond[quote,fragment,verbatim]
the start of the staff. For the first start, @code{instrument} is
used, for the next ones @code{instr} is used.
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim,raggedright,relative=3]
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim,raggedright,relative=1]
\set Staff.instrument = "Ploink "
\set Staff.instr = "Plk "
c1
}
@end lilypond
+For longer instrument names, it may be useful to increase the
+@code{indent} setting in the @code{\paper} block.
+
@seealso
Program reference: @internalsref{InstrumentName}.
@cindex transposition of pitches
@cindex @code{\transpose}
-A music expression can be transposed with @code{\transpose}. The syntax
-is
+A music expression can be transposed with @code{\transpose}. The
+syntax is
@example
\transpose @var{from} @var{to} @var{musicexpr}
@end example
\transposition bes %% B-flat clarinet
@end example
-This command sets the property @code{instrumentTuning}. The value of
+This command sets the property @code{instrumentTransposition}. The value of
this property is used for MIDI output and quotations. It does not
affect how notes are printed in the current staff.
voices, and stem directions are set automatically. Also, solo and
@emph{a due} parts are identified and can be marked.
-
The syntax for part combining is
@example
\partcombine @var{musicexpr1} @var{musicexpr2}
@end example
-The music expressions will be interpreted as @internalsref{Voice} contexts.
+The music expressions will be interpreted as @internalsref{Voice}
+contexts. If using relative octaves, @code{\relative} should be
+specified for both music expressions, i.e.
+
+@example
+\partcombine \relative @dots{} @var{musicexpr1}
+ \relative @dots{} @var{musicexpr2}
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+A @code{\relative} section that is outside of @code{\partcombine} has
+no effect on the pitches of @var{musicexpr1} and @var{musicexpr2}.
+
The following example demonstrates the basic functionality of the part
combiner: putting parts on one staff, and setting stem directions and
polyphony
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim,raggedright,fragment,relative=2]
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim,raggedright,fragment]
\new Staff \partcombine
- { g g a( b) c c r r }
- { g g r4 r e e g g }
+ \relative g' { g g a( b) c c r r }
+ \relative g' { g g r4 r e e g g }
@end lilypond
The first @code{g} appears only once, although it was
\new Staff <<
\set Staff.soloADue = ##f
\partcombine
- { g a( b) r }
- { g r4 r f }
+ \relative g' { g a( b) r }
+ \relative g' { g r4 r f }
>>
@end lilypond
off, the part combiner may typeset @code{a2} more than once in a
measure.
-@code{\partcombine} can not be inside @code{\times}.
+@code{\partcombine} cannot be inside @code{\times}.
+
+@code{\partcombine} cannot be inside @code{\relative}.
Internally, the @code{\partcombine} interprets both arguments as
@code{Voice}s named @code{one} and @code{two}, and then decides when
@example
\simultaneous @{
@var{the music}
- \apply #(remove-tag 'score) @var{the music}
- \apply #(remove-tag 'part) @var{the music}
+ \applymusic #(remove-tag 'score) @var{the music}
+ \applymusic #(remove-tag 'part) @var{the music}
@}
@end example
would yield
raggedright = ##t
interscoreline = 1
\context {
- \ScoreContext
+ \Score
\remove "Bar_number_engraver"
}
\context{
- \StaffContext
+ \Staff
\remove "Clef_engraver"
\remove "Key_engraver"
\remove "Time_signature_engraver"
indent = 0.0
raggedright = ##t
\context {
- \StaffContext
+ \Staff
\remove Staff_symbol_engraver
\remove Clef_engraver
\remove Time_signature_engraver
@example
\paper @{
\context @{
- \StaffContext
+ \Staff
\consists Custos_engraver
Custos \override #'style = #'mensural
@}
}
\paper {
\context {
- \StaffContext
+ \Staff
\consists Custos_engraver
}
}
@example
\paper @{
\context @{
- \VoiceContext
+ \Voice
\remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
\consists Mensural_ligature_engraver
@}
}
\paper {
\context {
- \VoiceContext
+ \Voice
\remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
\consists Mensural_ligature_engraver
}
\paper {
interscoreline = 1
\context {
- \ScoreContext
+ \Score
\remove "Bar_number_engraver"
}
\context {
- \StaffContext
+ \Staff
\remove "Clef_engraver"
\remove "Key_engraver"
\override StaffSymbol #'transparent = ##t
minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
}
\context {
- \VoiceContext
+ \Voice
\remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
\consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
\override NoteHead #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
\paper {
interscoreline = 1
\context {
- \ScoreContext
+ \Score
\remove "Bar_number_engraver"
}
\context {
- \StaffContext
+ \Staff
\remove "Clef_engraver"
\remove "Key_engraver"
\override StaffSymbol #'transparent = ##t
minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
}
\context {
- \VoiceContext
+ \Voice
\remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
\consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
\override NoteHead #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
\paper {
interscoreline = 1
\context {
- \ScoreContext
+ \Score
\remove "Bar_number_engraver"
}
\context {
- \StaffContext
+ \Staff
\remove "Clef_engraver"
\remove "Key_engraver"
\override StaffSymbol #'transparent = ##t
minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
}
\context {
- \VoiceContext
+ \Voice
\remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
\consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
\override NoteHead #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
\paper {
interscoreline = 1
\context {
- \ScoreContext
+ \Score
\remove "Bar_number_engraver"
}
\context {
- \StaffContext
+ \Staff
\remove "Clef_engraver"
\remove "Key_engraver"
\override StaffSymbol #'transparent = ##t
minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
}
\context {
- \VoiceContext
+ \Voice
\remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
\consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
\override NoteHead #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
\paper {
interscoreline = 1
\context {
- \ScoreContext
+ \Score
\remove "Bar_number_engraver"
}
\context {
- \StaffContext
+ \Staff
\remove "Clef_engraver"
\remove "Key_engraver"
\override StaffSymbol #'transparent = ##t
minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
}
\context {
- \VoiceContext
+ \Voice
\remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
\consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
\override NoteHead #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
\paper {
interscoreline = 1
\context {
- \ScoreContext
+ \Score
\remove "Bar_number_engraver"
}
\context {
- \StaffContext
+ \Staff
\remove "Clef_engraver"
\remove "Key_engraver"
\override StaffSymbol #'transparent = ##t
minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
}
\context {
- \VoiceContext
+ \Voice
\remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
\consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
\override NoteHead #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
\paper {
interscoreline = 1
\context {
- \ScoreContext
+ \Score
\remove "Bar_number_engraver"
}
\context {
- \StaffContext
+ \Staff
\remove "Clef_engraver"
\remove "Key_engraver"
\override StaffSymbol #'transparent = ##t
minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
}
\context {
- \VoiceContext
+ \Voice
\remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
\consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
\override NoteHead #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
\paper {
interscoreline = 1
\context {
- \ScoreContext
+ \Score
\remove "Bar_number_engraver"
}
\context {
- \StaffContext
+ \Staff
\remove "Clef_engraver"
\remove "Key_engraver"
\override StaffSymbol #'transparent = ##t
minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
}
\context {
- \VoiceContext
+ \Voice
\remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
\consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
\override NoteHead #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
\paper {
interscoreline = 1
\context {
- \ScoreContext
+ \Score
\remove "Bar_number_engraver"
}
\context {
- \StaffContext
+ \Staff
\remove "Clef_engraver"
\remove "Key_engraver"
\override StaffSymbol #'transparent = ##t
minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
}
\context {
- \VoiceContext
+ \Voice
\remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
\consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
\override NoteHead #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
\paper {
interscoreline = 1
\context {
- \ScoreContext
+ \Score
\remove "Bar_number_engraver"
}
\context {
- \StaffContext
+ \Staff
\remove "Clef_engraver"
\remove "Key_engraver"
\override StaffSymbol #'transparent = ##t
minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
}
\context {
- \VoiceContext
+ \Voice
\remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
\consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
\override NoteHead #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
\paper {
interscoreline = 1
\context {
- \ScoreContext
+ \Score
\remove "Bar_number_engraver"
}
\context {
- \StaffContext
+ \Staff
\remove "Clef_engraver"
\remove "Key_engraver"
\override StaffSymbol #'transparent = ##t
minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
}
\context {
- \VoiceContext
+ \Voice
\remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
\consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
\override NoteHead #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
\paper {
interscoreline = 1
\context {
- \ScoreContext
+ \Score
\remove "Bar_number_engraver"
}
\context {
- \StaffContext
+ \Staff
\remove "Clef_engraver"
\remove "Key_engraver"
\override StaffSymbol #'transparent = ##t
minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
}
\context {
- \VoiceContext
+ \Voice
\remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
\consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
\override NoteHead #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
\paper {
interscoreline = 1
\context {
- \ScoreContext
+ \Score
\remove "Bar_number_engraver"
}
\context {
- \StaffContext
+ \Staff
\remove "Clef_engraver"
\remove "Key_engraver"
\override StaffSymbol #'transparent = ##t
minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
}
\context {
- \VoiceContext
+ \Voice
\remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
\consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
\override NoteHead #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
\paper {
interscoreline = 1
\context {
- \ScoreContext
+ \Score
\remove "Bar_number_engraver"
}
\context {
- \StaffContext
+ \Staff
\remove "Clef_engraver"
\remove "Key_engraver"
\override StaffSymbol #'transparent = ##t
minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
}
\context {
- \VoiceContext
+ \Voice
\remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
\consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
\override NoteHead #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
\paper {
interscoreline = 1
\context {
- \ScoreContext
+ \Score
\remove "Bar_number_engraver"
}
\context {
- \StaffContext
+ \Staff
\remove "Clef_engraver"
\remove "Key_engraver"
\override StaffSymbol #'transparent = ##t
minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
}
\context {
- \VoiceContext
+ \Voice
\remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
\consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
\override NoteHead #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
\paper {
interscoreline = 1
\context {
- \ScoreContext
+ \Score
\remove "Bar_number_engraver"
}
\context {
- \StaffContext
+ \Staff
\remove "Clef_engraver"
\remove "Key_engraver"
\override StaffSymbol #'transparent = ##t
minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
}
\context {
- \VoiceContext
+ \Voice
\remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
\consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
\override NoteHead #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
\paper {
interscoreline = 1
\context {
- \ScoreContext
+ \Score
\remove "Bar_number_engraver"
}
\context {
- \StaffContext
+ \Staff
\remove "Clef_engraver"
\remove "Key_engraver"
\override StaffSymbol #'transparent = ##t
minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
}
\context {
- \VoiceContext
+ \Voice
\remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
\consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
\override NoteHead #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
\paper {
interscoreline = 1
\context {
- \ScoreContext
+ \Score
\remove "Bar_number_engraver"
}
\context {
- \StaffContext
+ \Staff
\remove "Clef_engraver"
\remove "Key_engraver"
\override StaffSymbol #'transparent = ##t
minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
}
\context {
- \VoiceContext
+ \Voice
\remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
\consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
\override NoteHead #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
\paper {
interscoreline = 1
\context {
- \ScoreContext
+ \Score
\remove "Bar_number_engraver"
}
\context {
- \StaffContext
+ \Staff
\remove "Clef_engraver"
\remove "Key_engraver"
\override StaffSymbol #'transparent = ##t
minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
}
\context {
- \VoiceContext
+ \Voice
\remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
\consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
\override NoteHead #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
\paper {
interscoreline = 1
\context {
- \ScoreContext
+ \Score
\remove "Bar_number_engraver"
}
\context {
- \StaffContext
+ \Staff
\remove "Clef_engraver"
\remove "Key_engraver"
\override StaffSymbol #'transparent = ##t
minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
}
\context {
- \VoiceContext
+ \Voice
\remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
\consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
\override NoteHead #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
\paper {
interscoreline = 1
\context {
- \ScoreContext
+ \Score
\remove "Bar_number_engraver"
}
\context {
- \StaffContext
+ \Staff
\remove "Clef_engraver"
\remove "Key_engraver"
\override StaffSymbol #'transparent = ##t
minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
}
\context {
- \VoiceContext
+ \Voice
\remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
\consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
\override NoteHead #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
\paper {
interscoreline = 1
\context {
- \ScoreContext
+ \Score
\remove "Bar_number_engraver"
}
\context {
- \StaffContext
+ \Staff
\remove "Clef_engraver"
\remove "Key_engraver"
\override StaffSymbol #'transparent = ##t
minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
}
\context {
- \VoiceContext
+ \Voice
\remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
\consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
\override NoteHead #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
\paper {
interscoreline = 1
\context {
- \ScoreContext
+ \Score
\remove "Bar_number_engraver"
}
\context {
- \StaffContext
+ \Staff
\remove "Clef_engraver"
\remove "Key_engraver"
\override StaffSymbol #'transparent = ##t
minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
}
\context {
- \VoiceContext
+ \Voice
\remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
\consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
\override NoteHead #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
\paper {
interscoreline = 1
\context {
- \ScoreContext
+ \Score
\remove "Bar_number_engraver"
}
\context {
- \StaffContext
+ \Staff
\remove "Clef_engraver"
\remove "Key_engraver"
\override StaffSymbol #'transparent = ##t
minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
}
\context {
- \VoiceContext
+ \Voice
\remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
\consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
\override NoteHead #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
\paper {
interscoreline = 1
\context {
- \ScoreContext
+ \Score
\remove "Bar_number_engraver"
}
\context {
- \StaffContext
+ \Staff
\remove "Clef_engraver"
\remove "Key_engraver"
\override StaffSymbol #'transparent = ##t
minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
}
\context {
- \VoiceContext
+ \Voice
\remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
\consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
\override NoteHead #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
\paper {
interscoreline = 1
\context {
- \ScoreContext
+ \Score
\remove "Bar_number_engraver"
}
\context {
- \StaffContext
+ \Staff
\remove "Clef_engraver"
\remove "Key_engraver"
\override StaffSymbol #'transparent = ##t
minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
}
\context {
- \VoiceContext
+ \Voice
\remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
\consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
\override NoteHead #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
\paper {
interscoreline = 1
\context {
- \ScoreContext
+ \Score
\remove "Bar_number_engraver"
}
\context {
- \StaffContext
+ \Staff
\remove "Clef_engraver"
\remove "Key_engraver"
\override StaffSymbol #'transparent = ##t
minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
}
\context {
- \VoiceContext
+ \Voice
\remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
\consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
\override NoteHead #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
\paper {
interscoreline = 1
\context {
- \ScoreContext
+ \Score
\remove "Bar_number_engraver"
}
\context {
- \StaffContext
+ \Staff
\remove "Clef_engraver"
\remove "Key_engraver"
\override StaffSymbol #'transparent = ##t
minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
}
\context {
- \VoiceContext
+ \Voice
\remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
\consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
\override NoteHead #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
\paper {
interscoreline = 1
\context {
- \ScoreContext
+ \Score
\remove "Bar_number_engraver"
}
\context {
- \StaffContext
+ \Staff
\remove "Clef_engraver"
\remove "Key_engraver"
\override StaffSymbol #'transparent = ##t
minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
}
\context {
- \VoiceContext
+ \Voice
\remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
\consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
\override NoteHead #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
\paper {
interscoreline = 1
\context {
- \ScoreContext
+ \Score
\remove "Bar_number_engraver"
}
\context {
- \StaffContext
+ \Staff
\remove "Clef_engraver"
\remove "Key_engraver"
\override StaffSymbol #'transparent = ##t
minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
}
\context {
- \VoiceContext
+ \Voice
\remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
\consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
\override NoteHead #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
\paper {
interscoreline = 1
\context {
- \ScoreContext
+ \Score
\remove "Bar_number_engraver"
}
\context {
- \StaffContext
+ \Staff
\remove "Clef_engraver"
\remove "Key_engraver"
\override StaffSymbol #'transparent = ##t
minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
}
\context {
- \VoiceContext
+ \Voice
\remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
\consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
\override NoteHead #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
\paper {
interscoreline = 1
\context {
- \ScoreContext
+ \Score
\remove "Bar_number_engraver"
}
\context {
- \StaffContext
+ \Staff
\remove "Clef_engraver"
\remove "Key_engraver"
\override StaffSymbol #'transparent = ##t
minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
}
\context {
- \VoiceContext
+ \Voice
\remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
\consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
\override NoteHead #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
\paper {
interscoreline = 1
\context {
- \ScoreContext
+ \Score
\remove "Bar_number_engraver"
}
\context {
- \StaffContext
+ \Staff
\remove "Clef_engraver"
\remove "Key_engraver"
\override StaffSymbol #'transparent = ##t
minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
}
\context {
- \VoiceContext
+ \Voice
\remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
\consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
\override NoteHead #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
\paper {
interscoreline = 1
\context {
- \ScoreContext
+ \Score
\remove "Bar_number_engraver"
}
\context {
- \StaffContext
+ \Staff
\remove "Clef_engraver"
\remove "Key_engraver"
\override StaffSymbol #'transparent = ##t
minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
}
\context {
- \VoiceContext
+ \Voice
\remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
\consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
\override NoteHead #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
\paper {
interscoreline = 1
\context {
- \ScoreContext
+ \Score
\remove "Bar_number_engraver"
}
\context {
- \StaffContext
+ \Staff
\remove "Clef_engraver"
\remove "Key_engraver"
\override StaffSymbol #'transparent = ##t
minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
}
\context {
- \VoiceContext
+ \Voice
\remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
\consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
\override NoteHead #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
\paper {
interscoreline = 1
\context {
- \ScoreContext
+ \Score
\remove "Bar_number_engraver"
}
\context {
- \StaffContext
+ \Staff
\remove "Clef_engraver"
\remove "Key_engraver"
\override StaffSymbol #'transparent = ##t
minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
}
\context {
- \VoiceContext
+ \Voice
\remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
\consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
\override NoteHead #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
\paper {
interscoreline = 1
\context {
- \ScoreContext
+ \Score
\remove "Bar_number_engraver"
}
\context {
- \StaffContext
+ \Staff
\remove "Clef_engraver"
\remove "Key_engraver"
\override StaffSymbol #'transparent = ##t
minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
}
\context {
- \VoiceContext
+ \Voice
\remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
\consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
\override NoteHead #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
chords, e.g.
@c
@lilypond[quote,relative=2,verbatim]
-\apply #notes-to-clusters { <c e > <b f'> }
+\applymusic #notes-to-clusters { <c e > <b f'> }
@end lilypond
The following example (from
settings. Hence, the MIDI file should not have more than 15 staves
(or 14 if you do not use drums). Other staves will remain silent.
+Not all MIDI players correctly handle tempo change in the MIDI
+output. Players that are known to work include
+@uref{timidity,http://timidity.sourceforge.net/}
+
@menu
* MIDI block::
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff