version that you are working on. See TRANSLATION for details.
@end ignore
+@c \version "2.11.38"
+
@c A menu is needed before every deeper *section nesting of @node's; run
@c M-x texinfo-all-menus-update
@c to automatically fill in these menus before saving changes
specific notation.
@menu
-* Titles and headers::
* MIDI output::
* other midi::
@end menu
-@node Titles and headers
-@section Titles and headers
-
-Almost all printed music includes a title and the composer's name;
-some pieces include a lot more information.
-
-@menu
-* Creating titles::
-* Custom titles::
-* Reference to page numbers::
-* Table of contents::
-@end menu
-
-
-@node Creating titles
-@subsection Creating titles
-
-Titles are created for each @code{\score} block, as well as for the full
-input file (or @code{\book} block).
-
-The contents of the titles are taken from the @code{\header} blocks.
-The header block for a book supports the following
-
-
-@table @code
-@funindex dedication
-@item dedication
-The dedicatee of the music, centered at the top of the first page.
-
-@funindex title
-@item title
-The title of the music, centered just below the dedication.
-
-@funindex subtitle
-@item subtitle
-Subtitle, centered below the title.
-
-@funindex subsubtitle
-@item subsubtitle
-Subsubtitle, centered below the subtitle.
-
-@funindex poet
-@item poet
-Name of the poet, flush-left below the subtitle.
-
-@funindex composer
-@item composer
-Name of the composer, flush-right below the subtitle.
-
-@funindex meter
-@item meter
-Meter string, flush-left below the poet.
-
-@funindex opus
-@item opus
-Name of the opus, flush-right below the composer.
-
-@funindex arranger
-@item arranger
-Name of the arranger, flush-right below the opus.
-
-@funindex instrument
-@item instrument
-Name of the instrument, centered below the arranger. Also
-centered at the top of pages (other than the first page).
-
-@funindex piece
-@item piece
-Name of the piece, flush-left below the instrument.
-
-@cindex page breaks, forcing
-@funindex breakbefore
-@item breakbefore
-This forces the title to start on a new page (set to ##t or ##f).
-
-@funindex copyright
-@item copyright
-Copyright notice, centered at the bottom of the first page. To
-insert the copyright symbol, see @ref{Text encoding}.
-
-@funindex tagline
-@item tagline
-Centered at the bottom of the last page.
-
-@end table
-
-Here is a demonstration of the fields available. Note that you
-may use any @ref{Text markup}, commands in the header.
-
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim,line-width=11.0\cm]
-\paper {
- line-width = 9.0\cm
- paper-height = 10.0\cm
-}
-
-\book {
- \header {
- dedication = "dedicated to me"
- title = \markup \center-align { "Title first line" "Title second line,
-longer" }
- subtitle = "the subtitle,"
- subsubtitle = #(string-append "subsubtitle LilyPond version "
-(lilypond-version))
- poet = "Poet"
- composer = \markup \center-align { "composer" \small "(1847-1973)" }
- texttranslator = "Text Translator"
- meter = \markup { \teeny "m" \tiny "e" \normalsize "t" \large "e" \huge
-"r" }
- arranger = \markup { \fontsize #8.5 "a" \fontsize #2.5 "r" \fontsize
-#-2.5 "r" \fontsize #-5.3 "a" \fontsize #7.5 "nger" }
- instrument = \markup \bold \italic "instrument"
- piece = "Piece"
- }
-
- \score {
- { c'1 }
- \header {
- piece = "piece1"
- opus = "opus1"
- }
- }
- \markup {
- and now...
- }
- \score {
- { c'1 }
- \header {
- piece = "piece2"
- opus = "opus2"
- }
- }
-}
-@end lilypond
-
-As demonstrated before, you can use multiple @code{\header} blocks.
-When same fields appear in different blocks, the latter is used.
-Here is a short example.
-
-@example
-\header @{
- composer = "Composer"
-@}
-\header @{
- piece = "Piece"
-@}
-\score @{
- \new Staff @{ c'4 @}
- \header @{
- piece = "New piece" % overwrite previous one
- @}
-@}
-@end example
-
-If you define the @code{\header} inside the @code{\score} block, then
-normally only the @code{piece} and @code{opus} headers will be printed.
-Note that the music expression must come before the @code{\header}.
-
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim,line-width=11.0\cm]
-\score {
- { c'4 }
- \header {
- title = "title" % not printed
- piece = "piece"
- opus = "opus"
- }
-}
-@end lilypond
-
-@funindex printallheaders
-@noindent
-You may change this behavior (and print all the headers when defining
-@code{\header} inside @code{\score}) by using
-
-@example
-\paper@{
- printallheaders=##t
-@}
-@end example
-
-@cindex copyright
-@cindex tagline
-
-The default footer is empty, except for the first page, where the
-@code{copyright} field from @code{\header} is inserted, and the last
-page, where @code{tagline} from @code{\header} is added. The default
-tagline is @qq{Music engraving by LilyPond (@var{version})}.@footnote{Nicely
-printed parts are good PR for us, so please leave the tagline if you
-can.}
-
-Headers may be completely removed by setting them to false.
-
-@example
-\header @{
- tagline = ##f
- composer = ##f
-@}
-@end example
-
-
-@node Custom titles
-@subsection Custom titles
-
-A more advanced option is to change the definitions of the following
-variables in the @code{\paper} block. The init file
-@file{ly/titling-init.ly} lists the default layout.
-
-@table @code
-@funindex bookTitleMarkup
-@item bookTitleMarkup
- This is the title added at the top of the entire output document.
-Typically, it has the composer and the title of the piece
-
-@funindex scoreTitleMarkup
-@item scoreTitleMarkup
- This is the title put over a @code{\score} block. Typically, it has
-the name of the movement (@code{piece} field).
-
-@funindex oddHeaderMarkup
-@item oddHeaderMarkup
- This is the page header for odd-numbered pages.
-
-@funindex evenHeaderMarkup
-@item evenHeaderMarkup
- This is the page header for even-numbered pages. If unspecified,
- the odd header is used instead.
-
- By default, headers are defined such that the page number is on the
- outside edge, and the instrument is centered.
-
-@funindex oddFooterMarkup
-@item oddFooterMarkup
- This is the page footer for odd-numbered pages.
-
-@funindex evenFooterMarkup
-@item evenFooterMarkup
- This is the page footer for even-numbered pages. If unspecified,
- the odd header is used instead.
-
- By default, the footer has the copyright notice on the first, and
- the tagline on the last page.
-@end table
-
-
-@cindex \paper
-@cindex header
-@cindex footer
-@cindex page layout
-@cindex titles
-
-The following definition will put the title flush left, and the
-composer flush right on a single line.
-
-@verbatim
-\paper {
- bookTitleMarkup = \markup {
- \fill-line {
- \fromproperty #'header:title
- \fromproperty #'header:composer
- }
- }
-}
-@end verbatim
-
-@node Reference to page numbers
-@subsection Reference to page numbers
-
-A particular place of a score can be marked using the @code{\label}
-command, either at top-level or inside music. This label can then be
-referred to in a markup, to get the number of the page where the marked
-point is placed, using the @code{\page-ref} markup command.
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,line-width=11.0\cm]
-\header { tagline = ##f }
-\book {
- \label #'firstScore
- \score {
- {
- c'1
- \pageBreak \mark A \label #'markA
- c'
- }
- }
-
- \markup { The first score begins on page \page-ref #'firstScore "0" "?" }
- \markup { Mark A is on page \page-ref #'markA "0" "?" }
-}
-@end lilypond
-
-The @code{\page-ref} markup command takes three arguments:
-@enumerate
-@item the label, a scheme symbol, eg. @code{#'firstScore};
-@item a markup that will be used as a gauge to estimate the dimensions
-of the markup;
-@item a markup that will be used in place of the page number if the label
-is not known;
-@end enumerate
-
-The reason why a gauge is needed is that, at the time markups are
-interpreted, the page breaking has not yet occurred, so the page numbers
-are not yet known. To work around this issue, the actual markup
-interpretation is delayed to a later time; however, the dimensions of
-the markup have to be known before, so a gauge is used to decide these
-dimensions. If the book has between 10 and 99 pages, it may be "00",
-ie. a two digit number.
-
-@predefined
-
-@funindex \label
-@code{\label}
-@funindex \page-ref
-@code{\page-ref}
-
-@node Table of contents
-@subsection Table of contents
-A table of contents is included using the @code{\markuplines \table-of-contents}
-command. The elements which should appear in the table of contents are
-entered with the @code{\tocItem} command, which may be used either at
-top-level, or inside a music expression.
-
-@verbatim
-\markuplines \table-of-contents
-\pageBreak
-
-\tocItem \markup "First score"
-\score {
- {
- c' % ...
- \tocItem \markup "Some particular point in the first score"
- d' % ...
- }
-}
-
-\tocItem \markup "Second score"
-\score {
- {
- e' % ...
- }
-}
-@end verbatim
-
-The markups which are used to format the table of contents are defined
-in the @code{\paper} block. The default ones are @code{tocTitleMarkup},
-for formatting the title of the table, and @code{tocItemMarkup}, for
-formatting the toc elements, composed of the element title and page
-number. These variables may be changed by the user:
-
-@verbatim
-\paper {
- %% Translate the toc title into French:
- tocTitleMarkup = \markup \huge \column {
- \fill-line { \null "Table des matières" \null }
- \hspace #1
- }
- %% use larger font size
- tocItemMarkup = \markup \large \fill-line {
- \fromproperty #'toc:text \fromproperty #'toc:page
- }
-}
-@end verbatim
-
-Note how the toc element text and page number are referred to in
-the @code{tocItemMarkup} definition.
-
-New commands and markups may also be defined to build more elaborated
-table of contents:
-@itemize
-@item first, define a new markup variable in the @code{\paper} block
-@item then, define a music function which aims at adding a toc element
-using this markup paper variable.
-@end itemize
-
-In the following example, a new style is defined for entering act names
-in the table of contents of an opera:
-
-@verbatim
-\paper {
- tocActMarkup = \markup \large \column {
- \hspace #1
- \fill-line { \null \italic \fromproperty #'toc:text \null }
- \hspace #1
- }
-}
-
-tocAct =
-#(define-music-function (parser location text) (markup?)
- (add-toc-item! 'tocActMarkup text))
-@end verbatim
-
-@lilypond[line-width=11.0\cm]
-\header { tagline = ##f }
-\paper {
- tocActMarkup = \markup \large \column {
- \hspace #1
- \fill-line { \null \italic \fromproperty #'toc:text \null }
- \hspace #1
- }
-}
-
-tocAct =
-#(define-music-function (parser location text) (markup?)
- (add-toc-item! 'tocActMarkup text))
-
-\book {
- \markuplines \table-of-contents
- \tocAct \markup { Atto Primo }
- \tocItem \markup { Coro. Viva il nostro Alcide }
- \tocItem \markup { Cesare. Presti omai l'Egizzia terra }
- \tocAct \markup { Atto Secondo }
- \tocItem \markup { Sinfonia }
- \tocItem \markup { Cleopatra. V'adoro, pupille, saette d'Amore }
- \markup \null
-}
-@end lilypond
-
-@seealso
-
-Init files: @file{ly/@/toc@/-init@/.ly}.
-
-@predefined
-
-@funindex \table-of-contents
-@code{\table-of-contents}
-@funindex \tocItem
-@code{\tocItem}
-
@node MIDI output
@section MIDI output
marks translate to a fixed fraction of the available MIDI volume
range, crescendi and decrescendi make the volume vary linearly between
their two extremes. The fractions can be adjusted by
-@code{dynamicAbsoluteVolumeFunction} in @internalsref{Voice} context.
+@code{dynamicAbsoluteVolumeFunction} in @rinternals{Voice} context.
For each type of MIDI instrument, a volume range can be defined. This
gives a basic equalizer control, which can enhance the quality of
the MIDI output remarkably. The equalizer can be controlled by
Micro tones are also exported to the MIDI file.
-
-
+Figured bass has no effect on MIDI.
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff