- \input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*-
+\input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*-
@settitle Music Glossary
@setfilename music-glosssary.info
@lilypond[fragment,notime]
\set Score.automaticBars = ##f
%\override TextScript #'font-style = #'large
-\addlyrics
-\context Staff \notes\relative c'' {
+\oldaddlyrics
+\context Staff \relative c'' {
gis1 s s gisis s s ges s s geses s s g!
}
\context Lyrics \lyrics {
@lilypond[fragment,notime]
\set Score.automaticBars = ##f
-\notes\relative c'' {
+\relative c'' {
a1 b c d e f g a }
@end lilypond
the duration of the long a. is proportional to that of the main note.
@lilypond
-\context Voice \notes\relative c'' {
+\context Voice \relative c'' {
\key d \major
\time 4/4
}
g8 fis16 g |
\cadenzaOn a4 \bar "||" \cadenzaOff }
-\notes\relative c'' {
+\relative c'' {
<d a fis>4_"performance" r g16 ( fis) e fis a ( g) fis g |
\cadenzaOn a4 \bar "||" \cadenzaOff }
@end lilypond
An appoggiatura may have more notes preceding the main note.
@lilypond
-\notes\relative c'' {
+\relative c'' {
\key as \major
\time 2/4
% \override Score.TextScript #'font-style = #'large
FI: arpeggio, murtosointu.
@lilypond[fragment]
-\notes \context PianoStaff <<
+ \context PianoStaff <<
\context Staff = SA \relative c'' {
\time 4/4
\clef treble
@aref{interval}.
-@aitem{autograph }
+@aitem{autograph}
I: autografo,
F: manuscrit,
D: Autograph, Handschrift,
@lilypond[fragment,notime]
\set Score.automaticBars = ##f
%\override TextScript #'font-style = #'large
-\notes\relative c'' {
+\relative c'' {
g8_"1/8"[ g g g] s16
g16_"1/16"[ g g g] s16
g32_"1/32"[ s32 g32 s32 g32 s32 g32] s16
@lilypond[fragment]
\key g \major
\time 4/4
-\notes\relative c'' { g4 c b a | g1 \bar "||"}
+\relative c'' { g4 c b a | g1 \bar "||"}
\time 3/8
-\notes\relative c'' { g8 d' c | b c a | g4. \bar "||"}
+\relative c'' { g8 d' c | b c a | g4. \bar "||"}
@end lilypond
@aitem{bind}
orchestral or choral score.
@lilypond[fragment]
-\notes\context GrandStaff <<
+\context GrandStaff <<
\relative c''\context Staff = SA { \clef treble g4 e c2 }
\relative c \context Staff = SB { \clef bass c1 \bar "|." } >>
@end lilypond
@lilypond[fragment]
\context StaffGroup <<
% \set StaffGroup.minVerticalAlign = #12
- \notes\relative c'' \context Staff = SA { \clef treble g4 e c2 }
- \notes\relative c \context Staff = SB { \clef bass c1 \bar "|." } >>
+ \relative c'' \context Staff = SA { \clef treble g4 e c2 }
+ \relative c \context Staff = SB { \clef bass c1 \bar "|." } >>
@end lilypond
@aitem{brass}
@lilypond[fragment,notime]
\set Score.automaticBars = ##f
-\notes\relative c'' { g\breve }
+\relative c'' { g\breve }
@end lilypond
@aitem{C}
\set Score.automaticBars = ##f
\override Score.Clef #'full-size-change = ##t
%\override Score.LyricText #'font-style = #'large
-\addlyrics
-\context Staff \notes\relative c' {
+\oldaddlyrics
+\context Staff \relative c' {
\clef soprano c1 s s
\clef mezzosoprano c s s
\clef alto c s s
FI: kadenssi, lopuke.
An extended, improvisatory style section inserted near the end of
-movement. The purpose of a cadenza is to give the singer or player a chance to
-exhibit her technichal skill and not the least her ability to improvise. Since
+movement. The purpose of a cadenza is to give singers or players a chance to
+exhibit their technical skill and not the least their ability to improvise. Since
the middle of the 19th century, however, most cadences have been written down
by the composer.
@lilypond[fragment,notime]
\set Score.automaticBars = ##f
%\override TextScript #'font-style = #'large
-\addlyrics
-\context Staff \notes\relative c'' {
+\oldaddlyrics
+\context Staff \relative c'' {
<g b d>1 s s
<g bes d> s s
<g bes des> s s
@lilypond[fragment,notime]
\set Score.automaticBars = ##f
-\notes\relative c' { c1 cis d dis e f fis g gis a ais b c }
+\relative c' { c1 cis d dis e f fis g gis a ais b c }
@end lilypond
@aitem{chromaticism}
@lilypond[fragment]
\key g \major \time 4/4
-\notes\relative c'' { g4 g g a | b2 a | g4 b a a | g1 \bar "||" }
+\relative c'' { g4 g g a | b2 a | g4 b a a | g1 \bar "||" }
@end lilypond
@aitem{consonance}
composition methods.
@lilypond[fragment,staffsize=11]
-\set Score.TimeSignature =\turnOff
-\notes\context PianoStaff <<
+\override Score.TimeSignature #'break-visibility = #all-invisible
+\context PianoStaff <<
\context Staff = SA \relative c' {
\key bes \major
\time 4/4
@lilypond[fragment]
\key g \major \time 4/4
-\notes\relative c'' { g4 \< a b c | d1\! \bar "|." }
+\relative c'' { g4 \< a b c | d1\! \bar "|." }
@end lilypond
@aitem{cue-notes}
@lilypond
\score {
- \notes {
+ {
% \override Staff.Custos #'neutral-position = #4
\override Staff.Custos #'neutral-direction = #-1
c'1
\break < d' a' f''>1
}
- \paper {
+ \layout {
\context {
\Staff
\consists Custos_engraver
%\override TextScript #'font-style = #'large
\override TextScript #'font-shape = #'italic
\key g \major \time 4/4
-\notes\relative c'' { d1 | g,4^\segno a b c | b a g2_\markup{ \line < "d.s. " \small \raise #1 \musicglyph #"scripts-segno" > } \bar "|." }
+\relative c'' { d1 | g,4^\segno a b c | b a g2_\markup{ \line < "d.s. " \small \raise #1 \musicglyph #"scripts-segno" > } \bar "|." }
@end lilypond
@aitem{decrescendo}
or the abbreviation ``decresc.''.
@lilypond[fragment]
-\notes\relative c'' {
+\relative c'' {
\key g \major \time 4/4
d4 \> c b a | g1 \! \bar "|."
}
\set Score.automaticBars = ##f
%\override Score.LyricText #'font-style = #'large
%\override Score.TextScript #'font-style = #'large
-\addlyrics
- \context Staff \notes\relative c' {
+\oldaddlyrics
+ \context Staff \relative c' {
c1 d
\override TextScript #'padding = #-4
e^"~~ S" f g a b^"~~ S" c
\set Score.automaticBars = ##f
%\override Score.LyricText #'font-style = #'large
%\override Score.TextScript #'font-style = #'large
-\addlyrics
- \context Staff \notes\relative c' {
+\oldaddlyrics
+ \context Staff \relative c' {
d1
\override TextScript #'padding = #-4
e^"~~ S" f g a b^"~~ S" c d
\set Score.automaticBars = ##f
%\override Score.LyricText #'font-style = #'large
%\override Score.TextScript #'font-style = #'large
-\addlyrics
- \notes\relative c' {
+\oldaddlyrics
+ \relative c' {
\override TextScript #'padding = #-4
e1^"~~ S" f g a b^"~~ S" c d e
}
\set Score.automaticBars = ##f
%\override Score.LyricText #'font-style = #'large
%\override Score.TextScript #'font-style = #'large
-\addlyrics
- \notes\relative c' {
+\oldaddlyrics
+ \relative c' {
f1 g a
\override TextScript #'padding = #-4
b^"~~ S" c d e^"~~ S" f
\set Score.automaticBars = ##f
%\override Score.LyricText #'font-style = #'large
%\override Score.TextScript #'font-style = #'large
-\addlyrics
- \notes\relative c'' {
+\oldaddlyrics
+ \relative c'' {
g1 a
\override TextScript #'padding = #-4
b^"~~ S" c d e^"~~ S" f g }
\set Score.automaticBars = ##f
%\override Score.LyricText #'font-style = #'large
%\override Score.TextScript #'font-style = #'large
-\addlyrics
- \notes\relative c'' {
+\oldaddlyrics
+ \relative c'' {
a1
\override TextScript #'padding = #-4
b^"~~ S" c d e^"~~ S" f g a
\set Score.automaticBars = ##f
%\override Score.LyricText #'font-style = #'large
%\override Score.TextScript #'font-style = #'large
-\addlyrics
- \notes\relative c' {
+\oldaddlyrics
+ \relative c' {
c1 d
\override TextScript #'padding = #-4
e^"~~ S" f g a b^"~~ S" c
\set Score.automaticBars = ##f
%\override Score.LyricText #'font-style = #'large
%\override Score.TextScript #'font-style = #'large
-\addlyrics
- \notes\relative c'' {
+\oldaddlyrics
+ \relative c'' {
a1
\override TextScript #'padding = #-4
b^"~~ S" c d e^"~~ S" f g a
\set Score.automaticBars = ##f
%\override Score.LyricText #'font-style = #'large
%\override Score.TextScript #'font-style = #'large
-\addlyrics
- \notes\relative c'' {
+\oldaddlyrics
+ \relative c'' {
a1
\override TextScript #'padding = #-4
b^"~~ S" c d e^"~~ S" f!^"~~ A" gis^"~~ S" a
\set Score.automaticBars = ##f
%\override Score.LyricText #'font-style = #'large
%\override Score.TextScript #'font-style = #'large
-\addlyrics
- \notes\relative c'' {
+\oldaddlyrics
+ \relative c'' {
a1
\override TextScript #'padding = #-4
b^"~~ S" c d e fis gis^"~~ S"
@lilypond[fragment]
\key a \major
\time 4/4
-\notes\relative c' {
+\relative c' {
\partial 8 e8 |
a4. gis8 b a e cis |
fis2 d4. \bar "||" }
@lilypond[fragment,notime]
\set Score.automaticBars = ##f
%\override Score.TextScript #'font-style = #'large
-\addlyrics
-\context Staff \notes\relative c'' {
+\oldaddlyrics
+\context Staff \relative c'' {
gis1 s s as s s <des g,!> s s <cis g!> s s
}
\context Lyrics \lyrics {
\set Score.automaticBars = ##f
\override Staff.Clef #'full-size-change = ##t
%\override Score.LyricText #'font-style = #'large
-\addlyrics
-\notes\relative c {
+\oldaddlyrics
+\relative c {
\clef varbaritone
f1
\clef bass
@lilypond[fragment]
\time 4/4
-\notes\relative c'' {
+\relative c'' {
a4 b c2^\fermata \bar "|."
}
@end lilypond
@lilypond[fragment,notime]
\set Score.automaticBars = ##f
%\override Score.TextScript #'font-style = #'large
-\notes\relative c'' {
+\relative c'' {
g8_"1/8" s8
g16_"1/16" s8
g32_"1/32" s8
\set Score.automaticBars = ##f
%\override Score.LyricText #'font-style = #'large
%\override Score.TextScript #'font-style = #'large
-\addlyrics
-\context Voice \notes\relative c'' {
+\oldaddlyrics
+\context Voice \relative c'' {
<g e c >1 < a f d > < b g e >
<c a f > < d b g > < e c a > < f d b > }
\context Lyrics \lyrics { T Sp Dp S D Tp "D{\\kern-5pt}$\\mid$" }
\set Score.automaticBars = ##f
\override Staff.Clef #'full-size-change = ##t
%\override Score.LyricText #'font-style = #'large
-\addlyrics
-\notes\relative c'' {
+\oldaddlyrics
+\relative c'' {
\clef french
g1 s s
\clef treble
section. @aref{functional harmony}.
@lilypond[fragment]
-\notes\context PianoStaff <<
+\context PianoStaff <<
\context Staff = SA \relative c'' {
\time 4/4
\clef treble
< c a f > < b g d > < c g e >2
}
% %\override Score.LyricText #'font-style = #'large
- \addlyrics
+ \oldaddlyrics
\context Staff = SB \relative c {
\clef bass
\partial 4 c4 | f, g c2
@lilypond[fragment,notime]
\set Score.automaticBars = ##f
%\override Score.TextScript #'font-style = #'large
-\context Voice \notes\relative c'' {
+\context Voice \relative c'' {
<g g>1_"unisone " s
<g b>_"third " s
<g c>_"fourth " s
@lilypond[fragment,notime]
\set Score.automaticBars = ##f
%\override Score.TextScript #'font-style = #'large
-\context Voice \notes\relative c'' {
+\context Voice \relative c'' {
<g a>1_"second " s s
<g f'>_"seventh " s s
<g a'>_"ninth" s s
\set Score.automaticBars = ##f
%\override Score.LyricText #'font-style = #'large
%\override Score.TextScript #'font-style = #'large
-\addlyrics
-\context Voice \notes\relative c'' {
+\oldaddlyrics
+\context Voice \relative c'' {
< g g >1 s
< g as >^"minor" s
< g a! > s
\set Score.automaticBars = ##f
%\override Score.LyricText #'font-style = #'large
%\override Score.TextScript #'font-style = #'large
-\addlyrics
-\context Staff \notes\relative c'' {
+\oldaddlyrics
+\context Staff \relative c'' {
< g c >^"perfect" s
< g cis >^"augm" s
< g d' >^"perfect" s
\set Score.automaticBars = ##f
%\override Score.LyricText #'font-style = #'large
%\override Score.TextScript #'font-style = #'large
-\addlyrics
-\context Staff \notes\relative c'' {
+\oldaddlyrics
+\context Staff \relative c'' {
< gis f'! >1^"dimin" s
< g! f'! >^"minor" s
< g fis' >^"major" s
@lilypond[fragment,notime]
\set Score.automaticBars = ##f
%\override Score.TextScript #'font-style = #'large
-\context Staff \notes\relative c'' {
+\context Staff \relative c'' {
< g a >1_"second " s s < g' a, >_"seventh " s s \bar "||"
< g, b >_"third " s s < g' b, >_"sixth " s s \bar "||"
< g, c >_"fourth " s s < g' c, >_"fifth " s s \bar "||"
@lilypond[fragment,notime]
\set Score.automaticBars = ##f
-\notes\relative c'' { a,1 s c'' }
+\relative c'' { a,1 s c'' }
@end lilypond
@aitem{legato}
@lilypond[fragment,notime]
\set Score.automaticBars = ##f
-\addlyrics
-\context Staff \notes\relative c'' {
+\oldaddlyrics
+\context Staff \relative c'' {
c4-( d e-) \bar "||"
c4-- d-- e-- \bar "||"
c4-.-( d-. e-.-) \bar "||"
@lilypond[fragment,notime]
\set Score.automaticBars = ##f
-\notes\relative c'' {
+\relative c'' {
\override NoteHead #'style = #'mensural
g\longa
}
@emph{quadruple} (4/2, 4/4, 4/8) meter. 4/4 is also called common meter.
@lilypond[fragment]
-\notes\relative c'' {
+\relative c'' {
\time 3/4
\key f \major
c es d | c bes8 a bes4 | c es d | c2 \bar "||"}
@end lilypond
@lilypond[fragment]
-\notes\relative c' {
+\relative c' {
\time 6/8
\key f \major
f8 f f f a16 g a f |
@end lilypond
@lilypond[fragment]
-\notes\relative c'' {
+\relative c'' {
\time 5/4
\key g \major
d4 b8 g b d d c a4 |
@lilypond[fragment,notime]
\set Score.automaticBars = ##f
\override Staff.Clef #'full-size-change = ##t
-\notes\relative c' {
+\relative c' {
\clef bass c1 s
\clef alto c s
\clef treble c s
subject.
@lilypond[fragment]
-\set Score.TimeSignature = \turnOff
+\override Score.TimeSignature #'break-visibility = #all-invisible
%\override Score.TextScript #'font-style = #'large
-\notes\relative c'' {
+\relative c'' {
\time 4/4
\key g \major
\partial 8 g16_"------" fis |
FI: usean tahdin mittainen tauko.
@lilypond[fragment]
-\notes\relative c'' {
+\relative c'' {
a1
\set Score.skipBars = ##t R1*3
a1
@lilypond[fragment,notime]
%\override Score.TextScript #'font-style = #'large
\set Score.automaticBars = ##f
-\notes\relative c'' {
+\relative c'' {
\override NoteHead #'style = #'mensural
g\longa_"longa" g\breve_"breve"
\revert NoteHead #'style
@lilypond[fragment,notime]
%\override Score.TextScript #'font-style = #'large
\set Score.automaticBars = ##f
-\notes\relative c'' {
+\relative c'' {
r\longa_"longa" r\breve_"breve"
r1_"1/1" r2_"1/2" r4_"1/4" s16 r8_"1/8" s16
r16_"1/16" s16 r32_"1/32" s16 r64_"1/64" s32 }
@lilypond[fragment]
%\override Score.TextScript #'font-style = #'large
-\notes\relative c'' {
+\relative c'' {
\time 4/4
g4._"pointed" g8 g2 | g4 ~ g8 g g2 \bar "||"
g4.._"double pointed" g16 g2 | g4 ~ g8 ~ g16 g g2 \bar "||" }
@lilypond[fragment]
%\override Score.TextScript #'font-style = #'large
-\notes\relative c'' {
+\relative c'' {
\time 4/4
\times 2/3 {g8_"triplets" g g} g4 g8 g g4 \bar "||"
\times 2/5 {g8_"quintuplets" g g g g} g4 g8 g g4 \bar "||"
@end lilypond
@lilypond[fragment]
-\notes\relative c'' {
+\relative c'' {
\time 3/4
\times 3/2 {g4_"duplets" g} |
g4 g g \bar "||"
<<
\context Staff = sa {
% \override Score.TextScript #'font-style = #'large
- \notes\relative c'' {
+ \relative c'' {
c2._"pre-1850" b4\trill | c1 \bar "||"
c2._"post-1850" b4\trill | c1 \bar "||"
}
}
- \notes\relative c'' {
+ \relative c'' {
c2. c32 b c b c b c b | c1
c2. b32 c b c \times 4/5 { b c b c b } | c1
}
<<
\context Staff = sa {
% \override Score.TextScript #'font-style = #'large
- \notes\relative c'' {
+ \relative c'' {
a4_"turn" b\turn c2 \bar "||"
g4_"mordent" a b\mordent a \bar "||"
e'4_"prall" d\prall c2 \bar "||"
}
}
- \notes\relative c'' {
+ \relative c'' {
a4 c16[ b a b] c2
g4 a b16-[ a b8] a4
e'4 e32[ d e d ~ d8] c2
@lilypond[fragment,notime]
\set Score.automaticBars = ##f
%\override Score.TextScript #'font-style = #'large
-\notes\relative c' {
+\relative c' {
\key es \major
es1_"e flat major" f g as bes c d es
\bar "||"
@lilypond[fragment,notime]
\set Score.automaticBars = ##f
%\override Score.TextScript #'font-style = #'large
-\notes\relative c' {
+\relative c' {
\key es \major
c1_"c minor" d es f g a! b! c \bar "||"
}
@lilypond[fragment]
\key g \major
\time 4/4
-\notes\relative c'' {
+\relative c'' {
\repeat volta 2 {g4 g d' d | e e d2 | c4 c b b | a a g2 }
}
@end lilypond
\set Score.automaticBars = ##f
%\override Score.LyricText #'font-style = #'large
%\set minVerticalAlign = #8
-\addlyrics
-\context Staff \notes\relative c' {
+\oldaddlyrics
+\context Staff \relative c' {
c1 d e f g a b c
}
\context Lyrics \lyrics {
@lilypond[fragment,notime]
\set Score.automaticBars = ##f
-\notes\relative c'' { g1 gis s a bes s b! c }
+\relative c'' { g1 gis s a bes s b! c }
@end lilypond
@aitem{seventh}
A form used frequently for single movements of the @aref{sonata},
@aref{symphony}, quartet, etc. A movement written in sonata form
falls into three sections called @emph{exposition}, @emph{development} and
-@emph{recapitulation}. In the exposition the composer introduces his musical
-ideas, consisting of a number of themes; in the development section he
-"develops" this material, and in the recapitulation he repeats the exposition,
-with certain modifications, however. The exposition contains a number of themes
+@emph{recapitulation}. In the exposition the composer introduces some musical
+ideas, consisting of a number of themes; in the development section the composer
+"develops" this material, and in the recapitulation the composer repeats the exposition,
+with certain modificationsr. The exposition contains a number of themes
which fall into two groups, often called first and second subject. Other
melodies occurring in each group are considered as continuations of these
two. The second theme is in another key, normally in the key of the
@lilypond[fragment]
\key d \major
\time 4/4
-\notes\relative c'' {
+\relative c'' {
\partial 8 a8 |
d4-\staccato cis-\staccato b-\staccato cis-\staccato |
d2. \bar "||"
\set Score.autoBeaming = ##f
\set Score.automaticBars = ##f
%\override Score.TextScript #'font-style = #'large
-\notes\relative c'' {
+\relative c'' {
g2_"1/2" g' s16
g,4_"1/4" g' s16
g,8_"1/8" g' s16
@lilypond[fragment]
\time 4/4
-\notes\relative c' {
+\relative c' {
\partial 4
d8 dis |
e c'4 e,8 c'4 e,8 c' ( | c2)
@lilypond[fragment]
\context GrandStaff <<
- \context Staff = lh \notes\relative c'' {
+ \context Staff = lh \relative c'' {
\time 4/4
\key es \major
\clef treble
< bes g >8 as < as f > g < g es > f < d f > es | < g es >4 }
>>
}
- \addlyrics
- \context Staff = rh \notes\relative c' {
+ \oldaddlyrics
+ \context Staff = rh \relative c' {
\clef bass
\key es \major
es8 c d bes c as bes16 as g f | es4
@lilypond[fragment,notime]
\set Score.automaticBars = ##f
-\notes\relative c'' { g2 ~ g4. }
+\relative c'' { g2 ~ g4. }
@end lilypond
@aitem{time signature}
@lilypond[fragment]
\context Staff {
\time 3/4
- \notes\relative c'' {
+ \relative c'' {
\key g \major
d4 g,8 a b c | d4 g, g | e' c8 d e fis | g4 g, g \bar "|."
}
@lilypond[fragment,notime]
\set Score.automaticBars = ##f
%\override Score.TextScript #'font-style = #'large
-\notes\relative c' {
+\relative c' {
e2:32_"a"
f:32 [ e8:16 f:16 g:16 a:16 ] s4
\repeat "tremolo" 8 { e32_"b" g }
@lilypond[fragment]
\key f \major
\time 4/4
-\notes\relative c' {
+\relative c' {
\partial 4 f4 | bes4. a8 bes4 c |
bes( a) g f | bes4. a8 bes4 c | f,2. \bar "||" }
@end lilypond