@settitle Music Glossary
@setfilename music-glosssary.info
-@html
-<!--- @@WEB-TITLE@@=Music Glossary --->
-@end html
@ifhtml
This document is also available in @uref{music-glossary.ps.gz,gzipped
@author Christian Mondrup
@c License PD, BSD-ish, GNU GPL, GNU FDL?
-Copyright @copyright{} 1999--2002 by the authors
+Copyright @copyright{} 1999--2003 by the authors
+
+
+ Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
+ under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
+ or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation,
+ without Invariant Sections.
+
@end titlepage
@omfcreator Christian Mondrup
@omfdescription Glossary of musical terms with translations
@omftype user's guide
-@omfcategory Music
+@omfcategory Applications|Publishing
@omflanguage English
@end ignore
@ifnottex
Christian Mondrup
@*
-Copyright 1999-2002 by the authors
+Copyright 1999--2003 by the authors
-@c License PD, BSD-ish, GNU GPL, GNU FDL?
+
+ Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
+ under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
+ or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation,
+ without Invariant Sections.
+
@*
flat lowers it by a whole tone. A natural cancels the effect of a previous
accidental.
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
-\property Voice.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
+%\property Voice.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\addlyrics
\context Staff \notes\relative c'' {
gis1 s s gisis s s ges s s geses s s g!
}
-\context Lyrics \lyrics {
- \property Lyrics . LyricText \override #'alignment = #-1
+\context LyricsVoice \lyrics {
+ \property Lyrics . LyricText \set #'self-alignment-X = #-1
"sharp " "db. sharp " "flat " "db. flat " natural
}
@end lilypond
NL: ambitus,
DK: ambitus,
S: ambitus,
-FI: ambitus, ääniala, soitinala,
+FI: ambitus, @"a@"aniala, soitinala,
N: ?.
The term ambitus denotes a range of pitches for a given voice in a part of music. It also may denote the pitch range that a musical instrument is capable of playing.
FI: luonnollinen molliasteikko,
N: ?.
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\notes\relative c'' {
a1 b c d e f g a }
@end lilypond
a. is performed as a short note regardless of the duration of the main note
the duration of the long a. is proportional to that of the main note.
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\context Voice \notes\relative c'' {
\key d \major
\time 4/4
-\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
-<<d a fis>>4_"notation" r
-{ \property Voice.Stem \override #'flag-style = #""
+%\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+<d a fis>4_"notation" r
+{ \property Voice.Stem \override #'flag-style = #'()
\grace g16
\property Voice.Stem \revert #'flag-style
}
fis8 e16 fis
-{ \property Voice.Stem \override #'flag-style = #""
+{ \property Voice.Stem \override #'flag-style = #'()
\grace a16
\property Voice.Stem \revert #'flag-style
}
g8 fis16 g |
\cadenzaOn a4 \bar "||" \cadenzaOff }
\notes\relative c'' {
-<<d a fis>>4_"performance" r g16 () fis e fis a () g fis g |
+<d a fis>4_"performance" r g16 ( fis) e fis a ( g) fis g |
\cadenzaOn a4 \bar "||" \cadenzaOff }
@end lilypond
An appoggiatura may have more notes preceding the main note.
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\notes\relative c'' {
\key as \major
\time 2/4
- \property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+% \property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\grace { bes16 } as8_"notation" as16 bes as8 g |
- \grace { [as16-( bes] } << c as >>4-)
- \grace { [as16-( bes] } << c as >>4-) \bar "||"
+ \grace { as16[( bes] } < c as >4-)
+ \grace { as16[( bes] } < c as >4-) \bar "||"
\grace { bes16 } as8_"performance" as16 bes as8 g |
- < \context Voice = va { \stemUp\tieUp as32 bes c8. as32 bes c8. }
- \context Voice = vb { \stemDown\tieDown as16 ~ as8. as16 ~ as8. } >
+ << \context Voice = va { \stemUp\tieUp as32 bes c8. as32 bes c8. }
+ \context Voice = vb { \stemDown\tieDown as16 ~ as8. as16 ~ as8. } >>
\bar "||"
}
@end lilypond
FI: arpeggio, murtosointu,
N: ?.
-@lilypond[13pt]
-\notes \context PianoStaff <
+@lilypond
+\notes \context PianoStaff <<
\context Staff = SA \relative c'' {
\time 4/4
\clef treble
r8 a,16 d f a, d f r8 a,16 d f a, d f \bar "||" }
\context Staff = SB \relative c' {
\clef bass
- < \context Voice = va {
+ << \context Voice = va {
\stemUp
- r16 e8. () e4 r16 e8. () e4 |
- r16 d8. () d4 r16 d8. () d4 }
+ r16 e8. ( e4) r16 e8. ( e4) |
+ r16 d8. ( d4) r16 d8. ( d4) }
\context Voice = vb {
\stemDown
- c2 c | c c } >
+ c2 c | c c } >>
}
->
+>>
@end lilypond
@aitem{ascending interval}
Line connecting a series of notes (shorter than a quarter note).
The number of beams determine the note value of the connected notes.
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
-\property Voice.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
+%\property Voice.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\notes\relative c'' {
- [g8_"1/8" g g g] s16
- [g16_"1/16" g g g] s16
- [g32_"1/32" s32 g32 s32 g32 s32 g32] s16
- [g64_"1/64" s32 g64 s32 g64 s32 g64] s32 }
+ g8_"1/8"[ g g g] s16
+ g16_"1/16"[ g g g] s16
+ g32_"1/32"[ s32 g32 s32 g32 s32 g32] s16
+ g64_"1/64"[ s32 g64 s32 g64 s32 g64] s32 }
@end lilypond
@aitem{beat}
The base counting value and the number of them per measure is indicated at
the start of the music.
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\key g \major
\time 4/4
\notes\relative c'' { g4 c b a | g1 \bar "||"}
for connecting piano staves, angular brackets for connecting parts in an
orchestral or choral score.
-@lilypond[13pt]
-\notes\context GrandStaff <
+@lilypond
+\notes\context GrandStaff <<
\relative c''\context Staff = SA { \clef treble g4 e c2 }
- \relative c \context Staff = SB { \clef bass c1 \bar "|." } >
+ \relative c \context Staff = SB { \clef bass c1 \bar "|." } >>
@end lilypond
-@lilypond[13pt]
-\context StaffGroup <
+@lilypond
+\context StaffGroup <<
% \property StaffGroup.minVerticalAlign = #12
\notes\relative c'' \context Staff = SA { \clef treble g4 e c2 }
- \notes\relative c \context Staff = SB { \clef bass c1 \bar "|." } >
+ \notes\relative c \context Staff = SB { \clef bass c1 \bar "|." } >>
@end lilypond
@aitem{brass}
@aref{note value} twice as long as a whole note. Mainly used
in pre-1650 music.
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\notes\relative c'' { g\breve }
@end lilypond
Clef symbol indicating the position of the central C. Used on all note
lines.
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\property Score.Clef \override #'full-size-change = ##t
-\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
+%\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
\addlyrics
\context Staff \notes\relative c' {
\clef soprano c1 s s
\clef tenor c s s
\clef baritone c s s
}
-\context Lyrics \lyrics {
- \property Lyrics . LyricText \override #'alignment = #-1
+\context LyricsVoice \lyrics {
+ \property Lyrics . LyricText \override #'self-alignment-X = #-1
"Soprano " "Mezzosoprano " "Alto " "Tenor " Baritone
}
@end lilypond
third above the lower notes to define their quality as major or minor. Such
chords are denoted open chords
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
-\property Voice.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
+%\property Voice.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\addlyrics
\context Staff \notes\relative c'' {
- <<g b d>>1 s s
- <<g bes d>> s s
- <<g bes des>> s s
- <<g b dis>> s s
- <<g b d f>> s s
- <<g b d f a>> s s
+ <g b d>1 s s
+ <g bes d> s s
+ <g bes des> s s
+ <g b dis> s s
+ <g b d f> s s
+ <g b d f a> s s
}
-\context Lyrics \lyrics{
- \property Lyrics . LyricText \override #'alignment = #-1
+\context LyricsVoice \lyrics{
+ \property Lyrics . LyricText \set #'self-alignment-X = #-1
"major " "minor " "diminished " "augmented "
"seventh-chord " "ninth-chord "
}
A scale consisting of all 11 @aref{semitone}s.
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\notes\relative c' { c1 cis d dis e f fis g gis a ais b c }
@end lilypond
Melody moving in the narrow steps of the scale.
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\key g \major \time 4/4
\notes\relative c'' { g4 g g a | b2 a | g4 b a a | g1 \bar "||" }
@end lilypond
music of the baroque era, has been one of the most popular polyphonic
composition methods.
-@lilypond[11pt,noquote]
+@lilypond[staffsize=11,noquote]
\property Score.TimeSignature \override #'style = #'()
-\notes\context PianoStaff <
+\notes\context PianoStaff <<
\context Staff = SA \relative c' {
\key bes \major
\time 4/4
\clef treble
- < \context Voice = rha {
+ << \context Voice = rha {
\stemUp
r1 | r2 r8 g'8 bes d, |
cis4 d r8 e!16 f g8 f16 e |
\stemDown
r1 | r | r | r2 s8
}
- >
+ >>
}
\context Staff = SB \relative c' {
\clef bass
\key bes \major
- < \context Voice = lha {
+ << \context Voice = lha {
\stemUp
r8 d es g, fis4 g | r8 a16 bes c8 bes16 a bes4 g |
r8 a16 g f8 g16 a bes8 g e! cis' |
\context Voice = lhb {
\stemDown
r1 | r | r | r2 s8
- } >
+ } >>
}
->
+>>
@end lilypond
@aitem{counter tenor}
Increasing volume. Indicated by a rightwards opening horizontal wedge or the
abbreviation ``cresc.''.
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\key g \major \time 4/4
-\notes\relative c'' { g4 \< a b c | \! d1 \bar "|." }
+\notes\relative c'' { g4 \< a b c | d1\! \bar "|." }
@end lilypond
@aitem{cue-notes}
notation such as via the editio vaticana dating back to the beginning
of the 20th century
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\score {
\notes {
\property Staff.Custos \set #'neutral-position = #4
\property Staff.Custos \set #'adjust-if-on-staffline = ##t
\property Staff.Custos \set #'style = #'hufnagel
- c'1^"Custos style = \#'hufnagel"
- \break << d' a' f''>>1
+ c'1
+ \break < d' a' f''>1
}
\paper {
\translator {
\StaffContext
\consists Custos_engraver
}
+raggedright = ##t
}
}
@end lilypond
Abbreviated ``d.s.''. Repetition, not from the beginning, but from
another place frequently near the beginning marked by a sign:
-@lilypond[13pt]
-\property Voice.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+@lilypond
+%\property Voice.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\property Voice.TextScript \set #'font-shape = #'italic
\key g \major \time 4/4
\notes\relative c'' { d1 | g,4^\segno a b c | b a g2_"d.s." \bar "|." }
Decreasing tone volume. Indicated by a leftwards opening horizontal wedge
or the abbreviation ``decresc.''.
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\notes\relative c'' {
\key g \major \time 4/4
- d4 \> c b a | \! g1 \bar "|."
+ d4 \> c b a | g1 \! \bar "|."
}
@end lilypond
The church modes are used in gregorial chant and pre baroque early music but
also to some extent in newer jazz music.
-@lilypond[13pt,notime,linewidth=110mm]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
-\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
-\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+@lilypond[notime,linewidth=110\mm]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
+%\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
+%\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\addlyrics
\context Staff \notes\relative c' {
c1 d
\property Voice.TextScript \set #'padding = #-4
e^"~~ S" f g a b^"~~ S" c
}
- \context Lyrics \lyrics {
+ \context LyricsVoice \lyrics {
Ionian
}
@end lilypond
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
-\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
-\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
+%\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
+%\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\addlyrics
\context Staff \notes\relative c' {
d1
\property Voice.TextScript \set #'padding = #-4
e^"~~ S" f g a b^"~~ S" c d
}
- \context Lyrics \lyrics {
+ \context LyricsVoice \lyrics {
Dorian
}
@end lilypond
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
-\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
-\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
+%\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
+%\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\addlyrics
\notes\relative c' {
\property Voice.TextScript \set #'padding = #-4
e1^"~~ S" f g a b^"~~ S" c d e
}
- \context Lyrics \lyrics {
+ \context LyricsVoice \lyrics {
Phrygian
}
@end lilypond
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
-\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
-\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
+%\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
+%\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\addlyrics
\notes\relative c' {
f1 g a
\property Voice.TextScript \set #'padding = #-4
b^"~~ S" c d e^"~~ S" f
}
- \context Lyrics \lyrics {
+ \context LyricsVoice \lyrics {
Lydian
}
@end lilypond
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
-\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
-\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
+%\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
+%\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\addlyrics
\notes\relative c'' {
g1 a
\property Voice.TextScript \set #'padding = #-4
b^"~~ S" c d e^"~~ S" f g }
- \context Lyrics \lyrics {
+ \context LyricsVoice \lyrics {
Mixolydian
}
@end lilypond
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
-\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
-\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
+%\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
+%\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\addlyrics
\notes\relative c'' {
a1
\property Voice.TextScript \set #'padding = #-4
b^"~~ S" c d e^"~~ S" f g a
}
- \context Lyrics \lyrics {
+ \context LyricsVoice \lyrics {
Aeolian
}
@end lilypond
harmonic minor scale type an augmented second (A) occurs between the 6th and
7th tone.
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
-\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
-\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
+%\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
+%\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\addlyrics
\notes\relative c' {
c1 d
\property Voice.TextScript \set #'padding = #-4
e^"~~ S" f g a b^"~~ S" c
}
- \context Lyrics \lyrics {
+ \context LyricsVoice \lyrics {
Major
}
@end lilypond
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
-\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
-\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
+%\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
+%\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\addlyrics
\notes\relative c'' {
a1
\property Voice.TextScript \set #'padding = #-4
b^"~~ S" c d e^"~~ S" f g a
}
- \context Lyrics \lyrics {
+ \context LyricsVoice \lyrics {
"ancient minor"
}
@end lilypond
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
-\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
-\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
+%\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
+%\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\addlyrics
\notes\relative c'' {
a1
\property Voice.TextScript \set #'padding = #-4
b^"~~ S" c d e^"~~ S" f!^"~~ A" gis^"~~ S" a
}
- \context Lyrics \lyrics {
+ \context LyricsVoice \lyrics {
"Harmonic minor"
}
@end lilypond
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
-\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
-\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
+%\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
+%\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\addlyrics
\notes\relative c'' {
a1
b^"~~ S" c d e fis gis^"~~ S"
a g! f!^"~~ S" e d c^"~~ S" b a
}
- \context Lyrics \lyrics {
+ \context LyricsVoice \lyrics {
"Melodic minor"
}
@end lilypond
Melody moving in steps greater than those of the
scale. Opposite of @aref{conjunct movement}.
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\key a \major
\time 4/4
\notes\relative c' {
Two notes, intervals, or scales are enharmonic if they have different names
but equal pitch.
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
-\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
+%\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\addlyrics
\context Staff \notes\relative c'' {
- gis1 s s as s s <<des g,!>> s s <<cis g!>> s s
+ gis1 s s as s s <des g,!> s s <cis g!> s s
}
-\context Lyrics \lyrics {
- \property Lyrics . LyricText \override #'alignment = #-1
+\context LyricsVoice \lyrics {
+ \property Lyrics . LyricText \set #'self-alignment-X = #-1
"g sharp " "a flat " "dim fifth " "augm fourth"
}
@end lilypond
symbol indicates playing an octave lower (for example on double bass
@aref{strings}).
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\property Staff.Clef \override #'full-size-change = ##t
-\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
+%\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
\addlyrics
\notes\relative c {
\clef varbaritone
\clef "F_8"
f1
}
-\context Lyrics \lyrics {
- \property Lyrics . LyricText \override #'alignment = #-1
+\context LyricsVoice \lyrics {
+ \property Lyrics . LyricText \set #'self-alignment-X = #-1
"baritone "
"bass "
"sub-bass "
Prolonged note or rest of indefinite duration.
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\time 4/4
\notes\relative c'' {
a4 b c2^\fermata \bar "|."
less than a quarter note. The number of flags determines the
@aref{note value}.
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
-\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
+%\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\notes\relative c'' {
g8_"1/8" s8
g16_"1/16" s8
dominant (D, the chord on the fifth note). Other are considered to be
variants of the base chords.
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
-\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
-\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
+%\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
+%\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\addlyrics
\context Voice \notes\relative c'' {
- <<g e c >>1 << a f d >> << b g e >>
- <<c a f >> << d b g >> << e c a >> << f d b >> }
-\context Lyrics \lyrics { T Sp Dp S D Tp "D{\\kern-5pt}$\\mid$" }
+ <g e c >1 < a f d > < b g e >
+ <c a f > < d b g > < e c a > < f d b > }
+\context LyricsVoice \lyrics { T Sp Dp S D Tp "D{\\kern-5pt}$\\mid$" }
@end lilypond
@aitem{G}
indicates playing or singing an octave lower (most tenor parts in choral
scores are notated like that).
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\property Staff.Clef \set #'full-size-change = ##t
-\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
+%\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
\addlyrics
\notes\relative c'' {
\clef french
\clef "G_8"
g s s
}
-\context Lyrics \lyrics {
- \property Lyrics . LyricText \override #'alignment = #-1
+\context LyricsVoice \lyrics {
+ \property Lyrics . LyricText \set #'self-alignment-X = #-1
"french violin clef "
"violin clef "
"octaved up "
Sequence of chords that terminate a musical phrase or
section. @aref{functional harmony}.
-@lilypond[13pt]
-\notes\context PianoStaff <
+@lilypond
+\notes\context PianoStaff <<
\context Staff = SA \relative c'' {
\time 4/4
\clef treble
\context Voice
- \partial 4 << c g e >>4 |
- << c a f >> << b g d >> << c g e >>2
+ \partial 4 < c g e >4 |
+ < c a f > < b g d > < c g e >2
}
- \property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
+% %\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
\addlyrics
\context Staff = SB \relative c {
\clef bass
\partial 4 c4 | f, g c2
\bar "|."
}
- \context Lyrics \lyrics {
+ \context LyricsVoice \lyrics {
T S D T
}
->
+>>
@end lilypond
@aitem{harmony}
Consonances:
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
-\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
+%\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\context Voice \notes\relative c'' {
- <<g g>>1_"unisone " s
- <<g b>>_"third " s
- <<g c>>_"fourth " s
- <<g d'>>_"fifth " s
- <<g e'>>_"sixth " s
- <<g g'>>_"octave " s
- <<g b'>>_"decime" s s
+ <g g>1_"unisone " s
+ <g b>_"third " s
+ <g c>_"fourth " s
+ <g d'>_"fifth " s
+ <g e'>_"sixth " s
+ <g g'>_"octave " s
+ <g b'>_"decime" s s
}
@end lilypond
Dissonances:
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
-\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
+%\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\context Voice \notes\relative c'' {
- <<g a>>1_"second " s s
- <<g f'>>_"seventh " s s
- <<g a'>>_"ninth" s s
+ <g a>1_"second " s s
+ <g f'>_"seventh " s s
+ <g a'>_"ninth" s s
}
@end lilypond
because they consist of three @aref{whole tone}s. The addition
of such two forms an octave.
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
-\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
-\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
+%\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
+%\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\addlyrics
\context Voice \notes\relative c'' {
- << g g >>1 s
- << g as >>^"minor" s
- << g a! >> s
- << g ais >>^"augm" s
- << gis bes >>^"dimin" s
- << g! bes >>^"minor" s
- << g b! >>^"major" s
- << g bis >>^"augm" s
+ < g g >1 s
+ < g as >^"minor" s
+ < g a! > s
+ < g ais >^"augm" s
+ < gis bes >^"dimin" s
+ < g! bes >^"minor" s
+ < g b! >^"major" s
+ < g bis >^"augm" s
}
-\context Lyrics \lyrics {
+\context LyricsVoice \lyrics {
"unisone " "second " "second " "second "
"third " "third " "third " "third "
}
@end lilypond
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
-\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
-\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
+%\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
+%\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\addlyrics
\context Staff \notes\relative c'' {
- << g c >>^"perfect" s
- << g cis >>^"augm" s
- << g d' >>^"perfect" s
- << g des' >> ^"dim" s
- << gis es' >>^"dimin" s
- << g! es' >>^"minor" s
- << g e'! >>^"major" s
- << g eis' >>^"augm" s
+ < g c >^"perfect" s
+ < g cis >^"augm" s
+ < g d' >^"perfect" s
+ < g des' > ^"dim" s
+ < gis es' >^"dimin" s
+ < g! es' >^"minor" s
+ < g e'! >^"major" s
+ < g eis' >^"augm" s
}
-\context Lyrics \lyrics {
+\context LyricsVoice \lyrics {
"fourth " "fourth " "fifth " "fifth "
"sixth " "sixth " "sixth " "sixth "
}
@end lilypond
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
-\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
-\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
+%\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
+%\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\addlyrics
\context Staff \notes\relative c'' {
- << gis f'! >>1^"dimin" s
- << g! f'! >>^"minor" s
- << g fis' >>^"major" s
- << g g' >> s
- << g as' >>^"minor" s
- << g a'! >>^"major" s
- << g bes' >>^"minor" s
- << g b'! >>^"major" s
+ < gis f'! >1^"dimin" s
+ < g! f'! >^"minor" s
+ < g fis' >^"major" s
+ < g g' > s
+ < g as' >^"minor" s
+ < g a'! >^"major" s
+ < g bes' >^"minor" s
+ < g b'! >^"major" s
}
-\context Lyrics \lyrics {
+\context LyricsVoice \lyrics {
"seventh " "seventh " "seventh " "octave "
"none " "none " "decime " "decime "
}
The difference between an interval and an octave.
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
-\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
+%\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\context Staff \notes\relative c'' {
- << g a >>1_"second " s s << g' a, >>_"seventh " s s \bar "||"
- << g, b >>_"third " s s << g' b, >>_"sixth " s s \bar "||"
- << g, c >>_"fourth " s s << g' c, >>_"fifth " s s \bar "||"
+ < g a >1_"second " s s < g' a, >_"seventh " s s \bar "||"
+ < g, b >_"third " s s < g' b, >_"sixth " s s \bar "||"
+ < g, c >_"fourth " s s < g' c, >_"fifth " s s \bar "||"
}
@end lilypond
A ledger line is an extension of the staff.
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\notes\relative c'' { a,1 s c'' }
@end lilypond
FI: legato, sitoen,
N: ?.
-To be performed without any perceptible interruption between the notes (a)
-unlike @emph{leggiero} or @emph{non-legato} (b), @emph{portato} (c) and
-@aref{staccato} (d).
+To be performed (a) without any perceptible interruption between the notes
+unlike (b) @emph{leggiero} or @emph{non-legato}, (c) @emph{portato} and
+(d) @aref{staccato}.
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\addlyrics
\context Staff \notes\relative c'' {
- c4( d )e \bar "||"
+ c4-( d e-) \bar "||"
c4-- d-- e-- \bar "||"
- c4-.( d-. )e-. \bar "||"
+ c4-.-( d-. e-.-) \bar "||"
c4-. d-. e-. \bar "||"
}
-\context Lyrics \lyrics {
- \property Lyrics . LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
+\context LyricsVoice \lyrics {
+% \property Lyrics . LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
a
b "" ""
c
Note value: double length of @aref{breve}.
@aref{note value}.
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\notes\relative c'' {
\property Voice.NoteHead \set #'style = #'mensural
g\longa
@aitem{melisma}
NL: melisma,
-FI: melisma, laulettavan tavun sävelkuvio,
+FI: melisma, laulettavan tavun s@"avelkuvio,
A melisma (plural: melismata) is a group of notes or tones sung on one
syllable in plainsong
one speaks of @emph{duple} (2/2, 2/4, 2/8), @emph{triple} (3/2, 3/4, 3/8), or
@emph{quadruple} (4/2, 4/4, 4/8) meter. 4/4 is also called common meter.
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\notes\relative c'' {
\time 3/4
\key f \major
c es d | c bes8 a bes4 | c es d | c2 \bar "||"}
@end lilypond
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\notes\relative c' {
\time 6/8
\key f \major
c'8 c c c e16 d e c \bar "||"}
@end lilypond
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\notes\relative c'' {
\time 5/4
\key g \major
First C below the 440 Hz A.
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\property Staff.Clef \set #'full-size-change = ##t
\notes\relative c' {
\clef bass c1 s
The briefest intelligible and self-contained fragment of a musical theme or
subject.
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\property Score.TimeSignature \override #'style = #'()
-\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+%\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\notes\relative c'' {
\time 4/4
\key g \major
FI: usean tahdin mittainen tauko,
N: ?.
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\notes\relative c'' {
a1
\property Score.skipBars=##t R1*3
but sometimes (mostly in pre baroque music) the double length note value
@emph{longa} is used.
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
+@lilypond[notime]
+%\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\notes\relative c'' {
\property Voice.NoteHead \override #'style = #'mensural
g\longa_"longa" g\breve_"breve"
g16_"1/16" s16 g32_"1/32" s16 g64_"1/64" s32 }
@end lilypond
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
+@lilypond[notime]
+%\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\notes\relative c'' {
r\longa_"longa" r\breve_"breve"
r1_"1/1" r2_"1/2" r4_"1/4" s16 r8_"1/8" s16
An augmentation dot after a note multiplies the duration by one and a
half. Another dot adds yet a fourth of the duration.
-@lilypond[13pt]
-\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+@lilypond
+%\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\notes\relative c'' {
\time 4/4
- g4._"pointed" g8 g2 | g4 () g8 g g2 \bar "||"
- g4.._"double pointed" g16 g2 | g4 () g8 () g16 g g2 \bar "||" }
+ g4._"pointed" g8 g2 | g4 ~ g8 g g2 \bar "||"
+ g4.._"double pointed" g16 g2 | g4 ~ g8 ~ g16 g g2 \bar "||" }
@end lilypond
Alternatively note values may be subdivided by other ratios. Most common is
Subdivisions by@w{ }2 (@emph{tuplets}) or@w{ }4 (@emph{quadruplets}) of
dotted notes are also frequently used.
-@lilypond[13pt]
-\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+@lilypond
+%\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\notes\relative c'' {
\time 4/4
\times 2/3 {g8_"triplets" g g} g4 g8 g g4 \bar "||"
}
@end lilypond
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\notes\relative c'' {
\time 3/4
\times 3/2 {g4_"duplets" g} |
note first while in the music from the preceding baroque and classic periods
the upper note is played first.
-@lilypond[13pt]
-<
+@lilypond
+<<
\context Staff = sa {
- \property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+% \property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\notes\relative c'' {
c2._"pre-1850" b4\trill | c1 \bar "||"
c2._"post-1850" b4\trill | c1 \bar "||"
c2. c32 b c b c b c b | c1
c2. b32 c b c \times 4/5 { b c b c b } | c1
}
->
+>>
@end lilypond
Other frequently used ornaments are the @emph{turn}, the @emph{mordent} and the
@emph{prall} (inverted mordent).
-@lilypond[13pt]
-<
+@lilypond
+<<
\context Staff = sa {
- \property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+% \property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\notes\relative c'' {
a4_"turn" b\turn c2 \bar "||"
g4_"mordent" a b\mordent a \bar "||"
}
}
\notes\relative c'' {
- a4 [c16 b a b] c2
- g4 a [b16 a b8] a4
- e'4 [e32 d e d ~ d8] c2
+ a4 c16[ b a b] c2
+ g4 a b16-[ a b8] a4
+ e'4 e32[ d e d ~ d8] c2
}
->
+>>
@end lilypond
@aref{appoggiatura}.
@aref{major} and @aref{minor} @aref{key}
with the same @aref{key signature}.
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
-\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
+%\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\notes\relative c' {
\key es \major
es1_"e flat major" f g as bes c d es
}
@end lilypond
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
-\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
+%\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\notes\relative c' {
\key es \major
c1_"c minor" d es f g a! b! c \bar "||"
FI: toisto,
N: ?.
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\key g \major
\time 4/4
\notes\relative c'' {
roots of chords. The most important are degrees I = tonic (T), IV =
sub@-do@-mi@-nant (S) and V = dominant (D).
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
-\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
+%\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
%\property Lyrics.minVerticalAlign = #8
\addlyrics
\context Staff \notes\relative c' {
c1 d e f g a b c
}
-\context Lyrics \lyrics {
- < { I II III IV V VI VII I }
- { T "" "" S D } >
+\context LyricsVoice \lyrics {
+ << { I II III IV V VI VII I }
+ { T "" "" S D } >>
}
@end lilypond
semitone. An octave may be divided into 12@w{ }semitones.
@aref{interval}, @aref{chromatic scale}.
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\notes\relative c'' { g1 gis s a bes s b! c }
@end lilypond
Playing the note(s) short. Staccato is indicated by a dot above or below the
notehead.
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\key d \major
\time 4/4
\notes\relative c'' {
Vertical line above or below a @aref{note head} shorter than a
whole note. @aref{beam}.
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
+@lilypond[notime]
\property Score.autoBeaming = ##f
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
-\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
+%\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\notes\relative c'' {
g2_"1/2" g' s16
g,4_"1/4" g' s16
deviation from this scheme is felt as a disturbance or contradiction between
the underlaying (normal) pulse and the actual (abnormal) rhythm.
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\time 4/4
\notes\relative c' {
\partial 4
d8 dis |
- e c'4 e,8 c'4 e,8 c' ( | ) c2
+ e c'4 e,8 c'4 e,8 c' ( | c2)
}
@end lilypond
with figures designating the chief @aref{interval}s and
@aref{chord}s to be played above the bass notes.
-@lilypond[13pt]
-\context GrandStaff <
+@lilypond
+\context GrandStaff <<
\context Staff = lh \notes\relative c'' {
\time 4/4
\key es \major
\clef treble
- < \context Voice = rha {
+ << \context Voice = rha {
\stemUp
es4 d c bes | bes }
\context Voice = rhb {
\stemDown
- << bes g >>8 as << as f >> g << g es >> f << d f >> es | << g es >>4 }
- >
+ < bes g >8 as < as f > g < g es > f < d f > es | < g es >4 }
+ >>
}
\addlyrics
\context Staff = rh \notes\relative c' {
\key es \major
es8 c d bes c as bes16 as g f | es4
}
- \context Lyrics \lyrics {
- \property Lyrics . LyricText \set #'font-style = #'Large
- \property Lyrics . VerticalAlign \override #'threshold = #'(6 . 12)
- < { "" "6" "" "4" "" "6" "" "" "6" "4" }
- { "" "" "" "2" "" "" "" "" "" "2" } >
+ \context LyricsVoice \lyrics {
+ \property LyricsVoice . VerticalAlign \override #'threshold = #'(6 . 12)
+ << { "" "6" "" "4" "" "6" "" "" "6" "4" }
+ { "" "" "" "2" "" "" "" "" "" "2" } >>
}
->
+>>
@end lilypond
@aitemii{tie,bind}
connects two succesive notes of the same pitch, and which has the function of
uniting them into a single sound equal to the combined durations.
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\notes\relative c'' { g2 ~ g4. }
@end lilypond
Shifting a melody up or down in pitch, while keeping the same
relative pitches.
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\context Staff {
\time 3/4
\notes\relative c'' {
}
@end lilypond
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\context Staff {
\time 3/4
\transpose c bes \relative c'' {
a @aref{chord}, usually in the distance of a third
(@aref{interval}).
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
-\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
+%\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\notes\relative c' {
e2:32_"a"
f:32 [ e8:16 f:16 g:16 a:16 ] s4
Initial note(s) of a melody occurring before the first bar
line. @aref{measure}, @aref{meter}.
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\key f \major
\time 4/4
\notes\relative c' {
\partial 4 f4 | bes4. a8 bes4 c |
- bes () a g f | bes4. a8 bes4 c | f,2. \bar "||" }
+ bes( a) g f | bes4. a8 bes4 c | f,2. \bar "||" }
@end lilypond
@aitem{voice}
The Harvard Dictionary of Music, London 1944. Many more or less literal
quotes from its articles have been included into the item explanation texts.
-Hugo Riemanns Musiklexicon, Berlin 1929
+Hugo Riemanns Musiklexicon, Berlin 1929.
Polyglottes W@"orterbuch der musikalischen Terminologie, Kassel 1980
Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current English, Third Edition 1974.
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff