* beat::
* bind::
* brace::
+* bracket::
* brass::
* breath mark::
* breve::
* forefall::
* forte::
* fourth::
+* Frenched score::
+* Frenched staff::
+* Frenched staves::
* fugue::
* functional harmony::
* G::
* meter::
* metronome::
* metronomic indication::
+* metronome mark::
* mezzo-soprano::
* middle C::
* minor::
S: klammer,
FI: yhdistävä sulkumerkki.
-Symbol at the start of a system connecting staves. Curly braces are
-used for connecting piano staves, angular brackets for connecting
-parts in an orchestral or choral score.
+Symbol at the start of a system connecting staves.
+
+Curly braces are used for connecting piano staves, and sometimes for connecting
+the staves of like instruments in an orchestral score when written on different
+staves (e.g. first and second flutes):
@lilypond[fragment,ragged-right]
\context GrandStaff <<
\relative c \context Staff = SB { \clef bass c1 \bar "|." } >>
@end lilypond
+Angular brackets for connecting parts in an orchestral or choral score:
+
@lilypond[fragment,ragged-right]
\context StaffGroup <<
% \set StaffGroup.minVerticalAlign = #12
@end lilypond
+@node bracket
+@section bracket
+
+ES: ?,
+I: ?,
+F: ?,
+D: ?,
+NL: ?,
+DK: ?,
+S: ?,
+FI: ?.
+
+@seealso
+
+@ref{brace}
+
+
@node brass
@section brass
@ref{interval}.
+@node Frenched score
+@section Frenched score
+
+ES: ?,
+I: ?,
+F: ?,
+D: ?,
+NL: ?,
+DK: ?,
+S: ?,
+FI: ?.
+
+A @q{condensed} score, produced by omitting staves for instruments that are not
+playing at the moment, and by moving up additional systems from following pages
+to take up the space thus liberated, which reduces the total number of pages
+used to print the work.
+
+The specific rules for @q{frenching} a score differ from publisher to publisher.
+If you are producing scores for eventual publication by a commercial publisher,
+you may wish to procure a copy of their style manual.
+
+@seealso
+
+@ref{Frenched staff}.
+
+
+@node Frenched staff
+@section Frenched staff
+
+ES: ?,
+I: ?,
+F: ?,
+D: ?,
+NL: ?,
+DK: ?,
+S: ?,
+FI: ?.
+
+Analogous to Frenched scores (@emph{q.v}), a Frenched staff has unneeded
+measures or sections removed. This would be useful for producing, for example,
+an @emph{ossia} staff.
+
+@seealso
+
+@ref{ossia}.
+
+
+@node Frenched staves
+@section Frenched staves
+
+ES: ?,
+I: ?,
+F: ?,
+D: ?,
+NL: ?,
+DK: ?,
+S: ?,
+FI: ?.
+
+The plural of @ref{Frenched staff}, @emph{q.v.}.
+
+
@node fugue
@section fugue
@node laissez vibrer
-@section laisser vibrer
+@section laissez vibrer
ES: ?,
I: ?,
Other than quadruple and sextuple meters, these other recurrence
patterns were not frequently used prior to the 20th Century.
-In addition to classification by @emph{tactus}, meters can be further
-classified by how the tactus is subdivided: in two, the meter is
-@emph{simple}; in three, the meter is @emph{compound}.
+In addition to classification by primary beat grouping, meters can be further
+classified by how the primary beat is subdivided: if in two, the meter is
+@emph{simple}; if in three, the meter is @emph{compound}.
@itemize
aes4 bes8 aes ges4 aes f8 es \bar "||"}
@end lilypond
-Compound duple meter:
+Compound duple meter (unknown):
@lilypond[fragment,line-width=13.0\cm]
\relative c' {
\relative c' {
\time 12/8
\key e \major
- b8.( a16) gis8 a8.( gis16) fis8 gis8.( fis16) e8 fis4 b,8 |
+ b'8.( a16) gis8 a8.( gis16) fis8 gis8.( fis16) e8 fis4 b,8 |
e4 e8 fis( gis) a b4.~ b4 b8
\bar "||"}
@end lilypond
Device indicating the exact tempo of a piece.
+Invented ca. 1812 by Dietrich Nikolaus Winkler of Amsterdam, but takes its name
+from Johann Nepomuk Mälzel, who copied the device, added a scale of tempo
+divisions, and patented it as a "metronome". The inevitable lawsuit that
+followed acknowledged Winkler as the creator, but by then Mälzel had already
+sold many of them, and people had taken to calling it a Mälzel Metronome.
+
@seealso
-@ref{metronomic indication}.
+@ref{metronome mark}.
@node metronomic indication
@section metronomic indication
+@seealso
+
+@ref{metronome mark}
+
+
+@node metronome mark
+@section metronome mark
+
ES: indicación metronómica,
I: indicazione metronomica,
F: indication métronomique,
S: metronomangivelse,
FI: metronomiosoitus.
-Exact tempo indication (in beats per minute). Also denoted by
-M.M.@: (Mälzels Metronom).
+Exact tempo indication (in beats per minute). Abbreviated @samp{M.M.} or
+@samp{MM}, which is short for Mälzels Metronom (or Mälzel's Mark,
+@emph{anglice}).
+
+@seealso
+
+@ref{metronome}
@node mezzo-soprano
@node Duration names notes and rests
@chapter Duration names, notes and rests
-@table @code
-@item DURATION NAMES, NOTES AND RESTS
-@end table
-
@multitable @columnfractions .15 .26 .33 .26
-@item
+@headitem @strong{US}
@tab @strong{UK}
@tab @strong{I}
@tab @strong{F (note name / rest name)}
-@item
+@headitem
@tab @strong{D}
@tab @strong{NL}
@tab @strong{DK}
-@item
+@headitem
@tab @strong{S}
@tab @strong{FI}
@tab @strong{ES}
-@c extra @items make this table harder to read, so I removed them.
-
@item @strong{longa}
@tab longa
@tab longa
@c -is/-es endings for Danish per Rune Zedeler
@c and for Finnish per Risto Vääräniemi
@c -iss/-ess endings for Swedish per Mats Bengtsson
+@c @columnfractions .105 .145 .125 .125 .125 .125 .125 .125 -->
-@multitable {c-sharp}
- {do sostenido} {do diesis} {ut dièse} {Cis}
- {cis} {cis} {ciss} {cis}
+@multitable {c-sharp} {do sostenido} {do diesis} {ut dièse} {Cis} {cis} {cis} {ciss} {cis}
@headitem EN
@tab ES @tab I @tab F @tab D
@tab NL @tab DK @tab S @tab FI
@tab gis @tab gis @tab giss @tab gis
@item @strong{a-flat}
@tab la bemol @tab la bemolle @tab la bémol @tab As
- @tab as @tab as @tab as @tab as
+ @tab as @tab as @tab ass @tab as
@item @strong{a}
@tab la @tab la @tab la @tab A
@tab a @tab a @tab a @tab a
@item @strong{a-sharp}
@tab la sostenido @tab la diesis @tab la dièse @tab Ais
- @tab ais @tab ais @tab ais @tab ais
+ @tab ais @tab ais @tab aiss @tab ais
@item @strong{b-flat}
@tab si bemol @tab si bemolle @tab si bémol @tab B
@tab bes @tab b @tab b @tab b
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff