@settitle Music Glossary
@setfilename music-glosssary.info
-@html
-<!--- @@WEB-TITLE@@=Music Glossary --->
-@end html
@ifhtml
This document is also available in @uref{music-glossary.ps.gz,gzipped
@titlepage
@title Music Glossary
@author Christian Mondrup
-@author spanish by David Gonz@'alez
@c License PD, BSD-ish, GNU GPL, GNU FDL?
-Copyright @copyright{} 1999--2002 by the authors
+Copyright @copyright{} 1999--2003 by the authors
+
+
+ Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
+ under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
+ or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation,
+ without Invariant Sections.
+
@end titlepage
+
+
+@ignore
+@omfcreator Christian Mondrup
+@omfdescription Glossary of musical terms with translations
+@omftype user's guide
+@omfcategory Applications|Publishing
+@omflanguage English
+@end ignore
+
@ifnottex
@node Top
@top
@ifnottex
Christian Mondrup
@*
-spanish by Davi Gonz@'alez
-@*
-Copyright 1999-2002 by the authors
+Copyright 1999--2003 by the authors
-@c License PD, BSD-ish, GNU GPL, GNU FDL?
+
+ Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
+ under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
+ or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation,
+ without Invariant Sections.
+
@*
@end macro
@ignore
-We don't use refs for Info:
+We do not use refs for Info:
@w{@ar{}\word\}@c vs:
@w{@ar{}@pxref{\word\}}@c
they look too intrusive (says Han-Wen).
@end ignore
+
@c arrowref
@macro aref{word}
@iftex
@item UK - British English
@item DK - Danish
@item S - Swedish
+@item FI - Finnish
@item N - Norwegian
@end itemize
NL: a,
DK: a,
S: a,
+FI: A, a,
N: a.
@aitem{accent}
NL: accent,
DK: accent,
S: accent,
+FI: aksentti, korostus,
N: ?.
The stress of one tone over others.
NL: voorteken,
DK: l@o{}st fortegn,
S: tillf@"alligt f@"ortecken,
+FI: tilap@"ainen etumerkki,
N: ?.
@c F: alt@'eration accidentelle, D: Vorzeichen, Versetzungszeichen,
flat lowers it by a whole tone. A natural cancels the effect of a previous
accidental.
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
-\property Voice.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
+%\property Voice.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\addlyrics
\context Staff \notes\relative c'' {
gis1 s s gisis s s ges s s geses s s g!
NL: accelerando,
DK: accelerando,
S: accelerando,
+FI: accelerando, kiihdytt@"aen,
N: ?.
Increase tempo.
NL: adagio,
DK: adagio,
S: adagio,
+FI: adagio, hitaasti,
N: adagio.
It. comfortable, easy.
NL: allegro,
DK: allegro,
S: allegro,
+FI: allegro, nopeasti,
N: allegro.
It. cheerful. Quick tempo. Also used as a title for pieces in a quick tempo,
NL: alt,
DK: alt,
S: alt,
+FI: altto, matala nais@"a@"ani,
N: alt.
A female voice of low range (@emph{contralto}). Originally the alto was a high
NL: alt sleutel,
DK: altn@o{}gle,
S: altklav,
+FI: alttoavain,
N: ?.
C clef setting central C on the middle line of the staff
@aref{C clef}.
+@aitem{ambitus}
+ES: ambitus,
+I: ambitus,
+F: ambitus,
+D: ambitus,
+NL: ambitus,
+DK: ambitus,
+S: ambitus,
+FI: ambitus, @"a@"aniala, soitinala,
+N: ?.
+
+The term ambitus denotes a range of pitches for a given voice in a part of music. It also may denote the pitch range that a musical instrument is capable of playing.
+
@aitem{ancient minor scale}
I: scala minore naturale,
F: forme du mode mineur ancien, trois@`eme mode, mode hell@'enique
D: reines Moll,
-NL: ?,
+NL: authentieke mineurtoonladder,
DK: ren mol,
S: ren mollskala,
+FI: luonnollinen molliasteikko,
N: ?.
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\notes\relative c'' {
a1 b c d e f g a }
@end lilypond
NL: andante,
DK: andante,
S: andante,
+FI: andante, k@"ayden,
N: andante.
Walking tempo/character.
NL: voorslag,
DK: forslag,
S: f@"orslag,
+FI: appoggiatura, etuhele,
N: ?.
Ornamental note, usually a second, that is melodically connected with the main
a. is performed as a short note regardless of the duration of the main note
the duration of the long a. is proportional to that of the main note.
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\context Voice \notes\relative c'' {
\key d \major
\time 4/4
-\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+%\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
<<d a fis>>4_"notation" r
-{ \property Voice.Stem \override #'flag-style = #""
+{ \property Voice.Stem \override #'flag-style = #'()
\grace g16
\property Voice.Stem \revert #'flag-style
}
fis8 e16 fis
-{ \property Voice.Stem \override #'flag-style = #""
+{ \property Voice.Stem \override #'flag-style = #'()
\grace a16
\property Voice.Stem \revert #'flag-style
}
g8 fis16 g |
\cadenzaOn a4 \bar "||" \cadenzaOff }
\notes\relative c'' {
-<<d a fis>>4_"performance" r g16 () fis e fis a () g fis g |
+<<d a fis>>4_"performance" r g16 ( fis) e fis a ( g) fis g |
\cadenzaOn a4 \bar "||" \cadenzaOff }
@end lilypond
An appoggiatura may have more notes preceding the main note.
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\notes\relative c'' {
\key as \major
\time 2/4
- \property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+% \property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\grace { bes16 } as8_"notation" as16 bes as8 g |
- \grace { [as16-( bes] } << c as >>4-)
- \grace { [as16-( bes] } << c as >>4-) \bar "||"
+ \grace { as16[( bes] } << c as >>4-)
+ \grace { as16[( bes] } << c as >>4-) \bar "||"
\grace { bes16 } as8_"performance" as16 bes as8 g |
< \context Voice = va { \stemUp\tieUp as32 bes c8. as32 bes c8. }
\context Voice = vb { \stemDown\tieDown as16 ~ as8. as16 ~ as8. } >
NL: gebroken akoord,
DK: arpeggio, akkordbrydning,
S: arpeggio,
+FI: arpeggio, murtosointu,
N: ?.
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\notes \context PianoStaff <
\context Staff = SA \relative c'' {
\time 4/4
\clef bass
< \context Voice = va {
\stemUp
- r16 e8. () e4 r16 e8. () e4 |
- r16 d8. () d4 r16 d8. () d4 }
+ r16 e8. ( e4) r16 e8. ( e4) |
+ r16 d8. ( d4) r16 d8. ( d4) }
\context Voice = vb {
\stemDown
c2 c | c c } >
NL: stijgend interval,
DK:@w{ }stigende interval,
S: stigande intervall,
+FI: nouseva intervalli,
N: ?.
A distance between a starting lower note and a higher ending note.
NL: overmatig interval,
DK: forst@o{}rret interval,
S: @"overstigande intervall,
+FI: ylinouseva intervalli,
N: ?.
@aref{interval}.
NL: manuscript,
DK: h@aa{}ndskrift, autograf,
S: handskrift,
+FI: k@"asinkirjoitettu nuotti,
N: ?.
1. A manuscript in the composer's own hand.
NL: b,
DK: h,
S: h,
+FI: H, h,
N: h.
@aitemii{backfall,forefall}
NL: maatstreep,
DK: taktstreg,
S: taktstreck,
+FI: tahtiviiva,
N: ?.
@aitem{bar}
NL: bariton,
DK: baryton,
S: baryton,
+FI: baritoni, keskikorkuinen mies@"a@"ani,
N: baryton.
The male voice intermediate between the @aref{bass} and the
NL: baritonsleutel,
DK: barytonn@o{}gle,
S: barytonklav,
+FI: baritoniavain,
N: ?.
C or F clef setting central C on the upper staff line.
NL: bassleutel,
DK: basn@o{}gle,
S: basklav,
+FI: bassoavain,
N: ?.
A clef setting with central C on the first top ledger line.
NL: bas,
DK: bas,
S: bas,
+FI: basso, matala mies@"a@"ani,
N: bas.
1. The lowest of men's voices.
NL: waardestreep,
DK: bj@ae{}lke,
S: balk,
+FI: palkki,
N: ?.
Line connecting a series of notes (shorter than a quarter note).
The number of beams determine the note value of the connected notes.
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
-\property Voice.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
+%\property Voice.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\notes\relative c'' {
- [g8_"1/8" g g g] s16
- [g16_"1/16" g g g] s16
- [g32_"1/32" s32 g32 s32 g32 s32 g32] s16
- [g64_"1/64" s32 g64 s32 g64 s32 g64] s32 }
+ g8_"1/8"[ g g g] s16
+ g16_"1/16"[ g g g] s16
+ g32_"1/32"[ s32 g32 s32 g32 s32 g32] s16
+ g64_"1/64"[ s32 g64 s32 g64 s32 g64] s32 }
@end lilypond
@aitem{beat}
NL: tel,
DK: (takt)slag,
S: taktslag,
+FI: aika-arvo,
N: ?.
Note value used for counting, most often half-, fourth-, and eighth notes.
The base counting value and the number of them per measure is indicated at
the start of the music.
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\key g \major
\time 4/4
\notes\relative c'' { g4 c b a | g1 \bar "||"}
NL: accolade, teksthaak,
DK: klamme,
S: klammer,
+FI: yhdist@"av@"a sulkumerkki,
N: ?.
Symbol at the start of a system connecting staves. Curly braces are used
for connecting piano staves, angular brackets for connecting parts in an
orchestral or choral score.
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\notes\context GrandStaff <
\relative c''\context Staff = SA { \clef treble g4 e c2 }
\relative c \context Staff = SB { \clef bass c1 \bar "|." } >
@end lilypond
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\context StaffGroup <
% \property StaffGroup.minVerticalAlign = #12
\notes\relative c'' \context Staff = SA { \clef treble g4 e c2 }
F: cuivres,
DK: messingbl@ae{}sere,
S: brassinstrument, m@"assingsinstrument,
+FI: vaskisoitin,
N: ?.
A family of blown musical instruments made of brass all using a cup formed
NL: repercussieteken,
DK: vejrtr@ae{}kningstegn,
S: andningstecken,
+FI: hengitysmerkki,
N: ?.
Indication of where to breathe in vocal and wind instrument parts.
NL: brevis,
DK: brevis,
S: brevis,
+FI: brevis,
N: ?.
@aref{note value} twice as long as a whole note. Mainly used
in pre-1650 music.
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\notes\relative c'' { g\breve }
@end lilypond
NL: c,
DK: c,
S: c,
+FI: C, c,
N: c.
@aitem{C clef}
NL: C-sleutel,
DK: c-n@o{}gle,
S: c-klav,
+FI: C-avain,
N: ?.
Clef symbol indicating the position of the central C. Used on all note
lines.
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\property Score.Clef \override #'full-size-change = ##t
-\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
+%\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
\addlyrics
\context Staff \notes\relative c' {
\clef soprano c1 s s
NL: cadens,
DK: kadence,
S: kadens,
+FI: kadenssi, lopuke,
N: ?.
@aref{harmonic cadence}, @aref{functional harmony}.
NL: cadens,
DK: kadence,
S: kadens,
+FI: kadenssi, lopuke,
N: ?.
An extended, improvisatory style section inserted near the end of
NL: canon,
DK: kanon,
S: kanon,
+FI: kaanon, tarkka j@"aljittely,
N: ?.
@aref{counterpoint}.
NL: cent,
DK: cent,
S: cent,
+FI: sentti, puolis@"avelaskeleen sadasosa tasavireisess@"a viritysj@"arjestelm@"ass@"a,
N: ?.
Logarithmic unit of measurement. 1 cent is 1/1200 of an octave (1/100 of an
NL: akkoord,
DK: akkord,
S: ackord,
+FI: sointu,
N: ?.
Three or more tones sounding simultaneously. In traditional European music the
third above the lower notes to define their quality as major or minor. Such
chords are denoted open chords
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
-\property Voice.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
+%\property Voice.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\addlyrics
\context Staff \notes\relative c'' {
<<g b d>>1 s s
NL: chromatische toonladder,
DK: kromatisk skala,
S: kromatisk skala,
+FI: kromaattinen asteikko,
N: ?.
A scale consisting of all 11 @aref{semitone}s.
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\notes\relative c' { c1 cis d dis e f fis g gis a ais b c }
@end lilypond
NL: chromatiek,
DK: kromatik,
S: kromatik,
+FI: kromatiikka,
N: ?.
Use of tones extraneous to a @aref{diatonic scale} (minor, major).
NL: kerktoonladder,
DK: kirketoneart,
S: kyrkotonart,
+FI: moodi, kirkkos@"avellaji,
N: ?.
@aref{diatonic scale}.
NL: sleutel,
DK: n@o{}gle,
S: klav,
+FI: avain, nuottiavain,
N: ?.
@aref{C clef}, @aref{F clef}, @aref{G clef}.
NL: komma,
DK: komma,
S: komma,
+FI: komma, korvinkuultava ero @"a@"anenkorkeudessa,
N: ?.
Difference in pitch between a note derived from pure tuning and the same note
NL: samengesteld interval,
DK: sammensat interval,
S: sammansatt intervall,
+FI: oktaavia laajempi intervalli,
N: ?.
Intervals larger than an octave.
NL: complementair interval,
DK: komplement@ae{}rinterval,
S: komplement@"arintervall (?),
+FI: t@"aydent@"av@"a intervalli,
N: ?.
@aref{inverted interval}.
I: moto congiunto,
F: mouvement conjoint,
D: schrittweise, stufenweise Bewegung,
-NL: ?,
+NL: stapsgewijze, trapsgewijze beweging,
DK: trinvis bev@ae{}gelse,
S: stegvis r@"orelse,
+FI: asteittainen liike,
N: ?.
Melody moving in the narrow steps of the scale.
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\key g \major \time 4/4
\notes\relative c'' { g4 g g a | b2 a | g4 b a a | g1 \bar "||" }
@end lilypond
NL: consonant,
DK: konsonans,
S: konsonans,
+FI: konsonanssi, sopusointi,
N: ?.
@aref{harmony}.
NL: contralto,
DK: alt,
S: alt,
+FI: kontra-altto,
N: ?.
@aref{alto}.
NL: contrapunt,
DK: kontrapunkt,
S: kontrapunkt,
+FI: kontrapunkti, @"a@"ani @"a@"ant@"a vastaan,
N: ?.
From latin @emph{punctus contra punctum}, note against note. The combination
NL: contratenor,
DK: kontratenor,
S: kontratenor, counter tenor,
+FI: kontratenori,
N: kontratenor.
@aref{contralto}.
NL: crescendo,
DK: crescendo,
S: crescendo,
+FI: cresendo, voimistuen,
N: crescendo.
Increasing volume. Indicated by a rightwards opening horizontal wedge or the
abbreviation ``cresc.''.
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\key g \major \time 4/4
-\notes\relative c'' { g4 \< a b c | \! d1 \bar "|." }
+\notes\relative c'' { g4 \< a b c | d1\! \bar "|." }
@end lilypond
@aitem{cue-notes}
NL: stichnoten,
DK: stiknoder,
S: inprickningar,
+FI: vihjenuotit,
N: ?.
In a separate part notes belonging to another part with the purpose of hinting
when to start playing. Usually printed in a smaller type.
+@aitem{custos}
+
+A custos is a staff symbol that appears at the end of a staff line
+with monophonic musical contents (i.e. with a single voice). It
+anticipates the pitch of the first note of the following line and thus
+helps the player or singer to manage line breaks during performance,
+thus enhancing readability of a score.
+
+Custodes were frequently used in music notation until the 16th
+century. There were different appearences for different notation
+styles. Nowadays, they have survived only in special forms of musical
+notation such as via the editio vaticana dating back to the beginning
+of the 20th century
+
+@lilypond
+\score {
+ \notes {
+ \property Staff.Custos \set #'neutral-position = #4
+ \property Staff.Custos \set #'neutral-direction = #-1
+ \property Staff.Custos \set #'adjust-if-on-staffline = ##t
+
+ \property Staff.Custos \set #'style = #'hufnagel
+ c'1
+ \break << d' a' f''>>1
+ }
+ \paper {
+ \translator {
+ \StaffContext
+ \consists Custos_engraver
+ }
+raggedright = ##t
+ }
+}
+@end lilypond
+
@aitem{D}
ES: Re,
I: re,
NL: d,
DK: d,
S: d,
+FI: D, d,
N: d.
@aitem{da capo}
NL: da capo,
DK: da capo,
S: da capo,
+FI: da capo, alusta,
N: ?.
The term indicates repetition of the piece from the beginning to the end or to
NL: dal segno,
DK: dal segno,
S: dal segno,
+FI: dal segno, merkkiin asti,
N: ?.
Abbreviated ``d.s.''. Repetition, not from the beginning, but from
another place frequently near the beginning marked by a sign:
-@lilypond[13pt]
-\property Voice.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+@lilypond
+%\property Voice.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\property Voice.TextScript \set #'font-shape = #'italic
\key g \major \time 4/4
\notes\relative c'' { d1 | g,4^\segno a b c | b a g2_"d.s." \bar "|." }
NL: decrescendo,
DK: decrescendo,
S: decrescendo,
+FI: decresendo, hiljentyen,
N: decrescendo.
Decreasing tone volume. Indicated by a leftwards opening horizontal wedge
or the abbreviation ``decresc.''.
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\notes\relative c'' {
\key g \major \time 4/4
- d4 \> c b a | \! g1 \bar "|."
+ d4 \> c b a | g1 \! \bar "|."
}
@end lilypond
NL: dalend interval,
DK: faldende interval,
S: fallande intervall,
+FI: laskeva intervalli,
N: ?.
A distance between a starting higher note and a lower ending note.
NL: diatonische toonladder,
DK: diatonisk skala,
S: diatonisk skala,
+FI: diatoninen asteikko,
N: ?.
A scale consisting of 5@w{ }@aref{whole tone}s and
The church modes are used in gregorial chant and pre baroque early music but
also to some extent in newer jazz music.
-@lilypond[13pt,notime,linewidth=110mm]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
-\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
-\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+@lilypond[notime,linewidth=110mm]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
+%\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
+%\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\addlyrics
\context Staff \notes\relative c' {
c1 d
}
@end lilypond
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
-\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
-\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
+%\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
+%\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\addlyrics
\context Staff \notes\relative c' {
d1
}
@end lilypond
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
-\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
-\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
+%\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
+%\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\addlyrics
\notes\relative c' {
\property Voice.TextScript \set #'padding = #-4
}
@end lilypond
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
-\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
-\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
+%\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
+%\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\addlyrics
\notes\relative c' {
f1 g a
}
@end lilypond
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
-\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
-\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
+%\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
+%\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\addlyrics
\notes\relative c'' {
g1 a
}
@end lilypond
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
-\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
-\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
+%\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
+%\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\addlyrics
\notes\relative c'' {
a1
harmonic minor scale type an augmented second (A) occurs between the 6th and
7th tone.
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
-\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
-\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
+%\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
+%\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\addlyrics
\notes\relative c' {
c1 d
}
@end lilypond
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
-\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
-\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
+%\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
+%\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\addlyrics
\notes\relative c'' {
a1
}
@end lilypond
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
-\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
-\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
+%\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
+%\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\addlyrics
\notes\relative c'' {
a1
}
@end lilypond
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
-\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
-\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
+%\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
+%\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\addlyrics
\notes\relative c'' {
a1
NL: verminderd interval,
DK: formindsket interval,
S: f@"orminskat intervall,
+FI: v@"ahennetty intervalli,
N: ?.
@aref{interval}.
NL: diminuendo,
DK: diminuendo,
S: diminuendo,
+FI: diminuendo, hiljentyen,
N: diminuendo.
@aref{decrescendo}.
I: moto disgiunto,
F: mouvement disjoint,
D: sprunghafte Bewegung,
-NL: ?,
+NL: sprongsgewijze beweging,
DK: springende bev@ae{}gelse,
S: hoppande r@"orelse,
+FI: melodian hyppiv@"a liike,
N: ?.
Melody moving in steps greater than those of the
scale. Opposite of @aref{conjunct movement}.
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\key a \major
\time 4/4
\notes\relative c' {
NL: dissonant interval; dissonant,
DK: dissonerende interval, dissonans,
S: dissonans,
+FI: dissonanssi, dissonoiva intervalli, riitasointi,
N: ?.
@aref{harmony}.
NL: dominant noon akkoord,
DK: dominantnoneakkord,
S: dominantnonackord,
+FI: dominanttinoonisointu,
N: ?.
@aref{chord}, @aref{functional harmony}.
NL: dominant septiem akkoord,
DK: dominantseptimakkord,
S: dominantseptimackord,
+FI: dominanttiseptimisointu,
N: ?
@aref{chord}, @aref{functional harmony}.
NL: dominant,
DK: dominant,
S: dominant,
+FI: dominantti, huippusointu,
N: ?.
The fifth @aref{scale degree},
NL: dorische toonladder,
DK: dorisk skala,
S: dorisk tonart,
+FI: doorinen moodi,
N: ?.
@aref{diatonic scale}.
NL: punt,
DK: punkt,
S: punkt,
+FI: piste,
N: ?.
@aref{dotted note}.
NL: gepuncteerde noot,
DK: punkteret node,
S: punkterad not,
+FI: pisteellinen nuotti,
N: ?.
@aref{note value}.
NL: dubbele voorslag,
DK: dobbelt forslag,
S: dubbelslag,
+FI: kaksoisappogiatura, kaksoisetuhele,
N: ?.
@aref{appoggiatura}.
NL: dubbele maatstreep,
DK: dobbeltstreg,
S: dubbelstreck,
+FI: kaksoistahtiviiva,
N: ?.
Indicates the end of a section within a movement.
NL: dubbelgepuncteerde noot,
DK: dob@-belt@-punk@-te@-ret node,
S: dub@-bel@-punk@-te@-rad not,
+FI: kaksoispisteellinen nuotti,
N: ?.
@aref{note value}.
NL: dubbelmol,
DK: dob@-belt-b,
S: dubbelbe,
+FI: kaksoisalennusmerkki,
N: ?.
@aref{accidental}.
NL: dubbelkruis,
DK: dob@-belt@-kryds,
S: dubbelkors,
+FI: kaksoisylennysmerkki,
N: ?.
@aref{accidental}.
NL: dubbele triller,
DK: dobbelttrille,
S: dubbeldrill,
+FI: kaksoistrilli,
N: ?.
A simultaneous trill on two notes, usually in the distance of a third.
NL: tweedelige maatsoort,
DK: todelt takt,
S: tv@aa{}takt,
+FI: kaksoistempo,
N: ?.
@aref{meter}.
NL: duool,
DK: duol,
S: duol,
+FI: duoli,
N: ?.
@aref{note value}.
NL: duur, lengte,
DK: varighed,
S: tonl@"angd,
+FI: kesto, aika-arvo,
N: ?.
@aref{note value}.
NL: e,
DK: e,
S: e,
+FI: E, e,
N: e.
@aitem{eighth note}
NL: achtste noot,
DK: ottendedelsnode,
S: @aa{}ttondelsnot,
+FI: kahdeksasosanuotti,
N: ?.
@aref{note value}.
NL: achtste rust,
DK: ottendedelspause,
S: @aa{}ttonddelspaus,
+FI: kahdeksasosatauko,
N: ?.
@aref{note value}.
NL: steken,
DK: nodestik,
S: nottryck,
+FI: painatus,
N: ?.
Engraving means incising or etching a metal plate for
NL: enharmonisch,
DK: enharmonisk,
S: enharmonisk,
+FI: enharmoninen,
N: ?.
Two notes, intervals, or scales are enharmonic if they have different names
but equal pitch.
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
-\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
+%\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\addlyrics
\context Staff \notes\relative c'' {
gis1 s s as s s <<des g,!>> s s <<cis g!>> s s
NL: ge@-lijk@-zwe@-ven@-de temperatuur,
DK: ligesv@ae{}vende temperatur,
S: liksv@"avande temperatur,
+FI: tasavireinen,
N: ?.
Tuning system dividing the octave into 12 equal @aref{semitone}s
NL: voordrachtsteken,
DK: foredragsbetegnelse,
S: f@"oredragsbeteckning,
+FI: nyanssiosoitus, esitysmerkki,
N: ?.
Performance indications concerning 1. volume, dynamics (for example
NL: f,
DK: f,
S: f,
+FI: F, f,
N: f.
@aitem{F clef}
NL: F-sleutel,
DK: F-n@o{}gle,
S: f-klav,
+FI: F-avain,
N: ?.
The position between the dots of the key symbol is the line of the F below
symbol indicates playing an octave lower (for example on double bass
@aref{strings}).
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\property Staff.Clef \override #'full-size-change = ##t
-\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
+%\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
\addlyrics
\notes\relative c {
\clef varbaritone
NL: fermate,
DK: fermat,
S: fermat,
+FI: fermaatti, pid@"ake,
N: ?.
Prolonged note or rest of indefinite duration.
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\time 4/4
\notes\relative c'' {
a4 b c2^\fermata \bar "|."
NL: kwint,
DK: kvint,
S: kvint,
+FI: kvintti,
N: kvint.
@aref{interval}.
NL: vingerzetting,
DK: fingers@ae{}tning,
S: fingers@"attning,
+FI: sormitus,
N: ?.
The methodical use of fingers in the playing of instruments.
NL: vlaggetje,
DK: fane,
S: flagga,
+FI: lippu, viiri,
N: ?.
Ornament at the end of the stem of a note used for notes with values
less than a quarter note. The number of flags determines the
@aref{note value}.
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
-\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
+%\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\notes\relative c'' {
g8_"1/8" s8
g16_"1/16" s8
NL: mol,
DK: b,
S: bef@"ortecken,
+FI: alennusmerkki,
N: ?.
@aref{accidental}.
NL: forte,
DK: forte,
S: forte,
+FI: forte, voimakkaasti,
N: ?.
Loud, abbreviated @b{f}, @emph{fortissimo} (@b{ff}) very loud,
NL: kwart,
DK: kvart,
S: kvart,
+FI: kvartti,
N: ?.
@aref{interval}.
NL: fuga,
DK: fuga,
S: fuga,
+FI: fuuga,
N: ?.
@aref{counterpoint}.
I: armonia funzionale,
F: @'etude des functions,
D: Funktionslehre,
-NL: ?,
+NL: functionele harmonie,
DK: funktionsanalyse, funktionsharmonik,
S: funktionsl@"ara,
+FI: harmoniaj@"arjestelm@"a,
N: ?.
A system of harmonic analysis. It is based on the idea that, in a given key,
dominant (D, the chord on the fifth note). Other are considered to be
variants of the base chords.
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
-\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
-\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
+%\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
+%\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\addlyrics
\context Voice \notes\relative c'' {
<<g e c >>1 << a f d >> << b g e >>
NL: g,
DK: g,
S: g,
+FI: G, g,
N: g.
@aitem{G clef}
NL: G-sleutel,
DK: g-n@o{}gle,
S: g-klav,
+FI: G-avain,
N: ?.
A clef symbol indicating the G above central@w{ }C. Used on the first
indicates playing or singing an octave lower (most tenor parts in choral
scores are notated like that).
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\property Staff.Clef \set #'full-size-change = ##t
-\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
+%\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
\addlyrics
\notes\relative c'' {
\clef french
NL: glissando,
DK: glissando,
S: glissando,
+FI: glissando, liukuen,
N: glissando.
Letting the pitch slide fluently from one note to the other.
NL: versieringen,
DK: forsiringer,
S: ornament,
+FI: korunuotit,
N: ?.
Notes printed in small types to indicate that their time values are not
NL: piano systeem,
DK: klaversystem,
S: ackolad, b@"ojd klammer,
+FI: kaksoisnuottiviivasto,
N: ?.
@aref{brace}.
NL: grave, ernstig,
DK: grave,
S: grave,
+FI: grave, raskaasti,
N: ?.
Slow, solemn.
NL: halve noot,
DK: halvnode,
S: halvnot,
+FI: puolinuotti,
N: ?.
@aref{note value}.
NL: halve, rust,
DK: halvnodespause,
S: halvpaus,
+FI: puolitauko,
N: ?.
@aref{note value}.
NL: harmonische cadens,
DK: harmonisk kadence,
S: (harmonisk) kadens,
+FI: harmoninen kadenssi,
N: ?.
Sequence of chords that terminate a musical phrase or
section. @aref{functional harmony}.
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\notes\context PianoStaff <
\context Staff = SA \relative c'' {
\time 4/4
\partial 4 << c g e >>4 |
<< c a f >> << b g d >> << c g e >>2
}
- \property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
+% %\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
\addlyrics
\context Staff = SB \relative c {
\clef bass
NL: harmonie,
DK: samklang,
S: samklang,
+FI: harmonia, yhteissointi,
N: ?.
Tones sounding simultaneously. Two note harmonies fall into the categories
Consonances:
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
-\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
+%\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\context Voice \notes\relative c'' {
<<g g>>1_"unisone " s
<<g b>>_"third " s
Dissonances:
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
-\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
+%\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\context Voice \notes\relative c'' {
<<g a>>1_"second " s s
<<g f'>>_"seventh " s s
NL: homofonie,
DK: homofoni,
S: homofoni,
+FI: homofonia, yksi@"a@"anisyys,
N: ?.
Music in which one voice leads melodically followed by the other voices more
NL: interval,
DK: interval,
S: intervall,
+FI: intervalli, kahden s@"avelen korkeusero,
N: ?.
Difference in pitch between two notes. Intervals may be perfect, minor, major,
because they consist of three @aref{whole tone}s. The addition
of such two forms an octave.
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
-\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
-\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
+%\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
+%\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\addlyrics
\context Voice \notes\relative c'' {
<< g g >>1 s
}
@end lilypond
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
-\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
-\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
+%\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
+%\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\addlyrics
\context Staff \notes\relative c'' {
<< g c >>^"perfect" s
}
@end lilypond
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
-\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
-\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
+%\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
+%\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\addlyrics
\context Staff \notes\relative c'' {
<< gis f'! >>1^"dimin" s
NL: interval inversie,
DK: omvendingsinterval,
S: intervallets omv@"andning,
+FI: k@"a@"anteisintervalli,
N: ?.
The difference between an interval and an octave.
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
-\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
+%\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\context Staff \notes\relative c'' {
<< g a >>1_"second " s s << g' a, >>_"seventh " s s \bar "||"
<< g, b >>_"third " s s << g' b, >>_"sixth " s s \bar "||"
NL: reine stemming,
DK: ren stemning,
S: ren st@"amning,
+FI: puhdas viritys,
N: ?.
Tuning system in which the notes are obtained by adding and subtracting
NL: toonsoort,
DK: toneart,
S: tonart,
+FI: tonaliteetti,
N: ?.
According to the 12@w{ }tones of the @aref{chromatic scale}
NL: toon@-soort (voortekens),
DK: faste fortegn,
S: tonartssignatur,
+FI: s@"avellajiosoitus,
N: ?.
The sharps or flats appearing at the beginning of each staff indicating the
NL: largo,
DK: largo,
S: largo,
+FI: largo, hitaasti, leve@"asti,
N: largo.
Very slow in tempo, usually combined with great
NL: leidtoon,
DK: ledetone,
S: ledton,
+FI: johtos@"avel,
N: ?.
The seventh @aref{scale degree}, a @aref{semitone} below
NL: hulplijntje,
DK: hj@ae{}lpelinie,
S: hj@"alplinje,
+FI: apuviiva,
N: ?.
A ledger line is an extension of the staff.
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\notes\relative c'' { a,1 s c'' }
@end lilypond
NL: legato,
DK: legato,
S: legato,
+FI: legato, sitoen,
N: ?.
-To be performed without any perceptible interruption between the notes (a)
-unlike @emph{leggiero} or @emph{non-legato} (b), @emph{portato} (c) and
-@aref{staccato} (d).
+To be performed (a) without any perceptible interruption between the notes
+unlike (b) @emph{leggiero} or @emph{non-legato}, (c) @emph{portato} and
+(d) @aref{staccato}.
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\addlyrics
\context Staff \notes\relative c'' {
- c4( d )e \bar "||"
+ c4-( d e-) \bar "||"
c4-- d-- e-- \bar "||"
- c4-.( d-. )e-. \bar "||"
+ c4-.-( d-. e-.-) \bar "||"
c4-. d-. e-. \bar "||"
}
\context Lyrics \lyrics {
- \property Lyrics . LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
+% \property Lyrics . LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
a
b "" ""
c
NL: le@-lie@-vij@-ver,
DK: liliedam,
S: liljedamm,
+FI: liljalampi,
N: ?.
A pond with lilies floating in it, also the name of a music typesetter.
NL: lijn,
DK: nodelinie,
S: notlinje,
+FI: viiva, nuottiviiva,
N: ?.
@aref{staff}.
I: appoggiatura lunga,
F: appoggiature longue,
D: langer Vorschlag,
+NL: Lange voorslag,
DK: langt forslag,
S: l@aa{}ngt f@"orslag,
+FI: pitk@"a appoggiatura, pitk@"a etuhele,
N: ?.
@aref{appoggiatura}.
NL: longa,
DK: longa,
S: longa,
+FI: longa,
N: longa.
Note value: double length of @aref{breve}.
@aref{note value}.
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\notes\relative c'' {
\property Voice.NoteHead \set #'style = #'mensural
g\longa
NL: liedtekst,
DK: .,
S: .,
+FI, sanoitus,
N: ..
@aitem{major interval}
NL: groot interval,
DK: stort interval,
S: stort intervall,
+FI: suuri intervalli,
N: ?.
@aref{interval}.
NL: majeur,
DK: dur,
S: dur,
+FI: duuri,
N: dur.
@aref{diatonic scale}.
I: accordatura mesotonica,
F: temp@'erament m@'esotonique,
D: mittelt@"onige Stimmung,
-NL: ?,
+NL: middenstemming, middentoonstemming,
DK: middeltonetemperatur,
S: medeltonstemperatur,
+FI: keskis@"avelviritys,
N: ?.
Temperament yielding acoustically pure thirds by decreasing the natural fifth
NL: maat,
DK: takt,
S: takt,
+FI: tahti,
N: takt.
A group of @aref{beat}s (units of musical time) the first of which
D: Mediante,
DK: mediant,
S: mediant,
+FI: keskis@"avel,
N: ?.
1. The third @b{scale degree}.
replaced by its lower mediant (variant tonic). @aref{functional
harmony}, @aref{relative key}.
+@aitem{melisma}
+
+NL: melisma,
+FI: melisma, laulettavan tavun s@"avelkuvio,
+
+A melisma (plural: melismata) is a group of notes or tones sung on one
+syllable in plainsong
+
@aitem{melodic cadence}
@aref{cadenza}.
NL: maatsoort,
DK: taktart,
S: taktart,
+FI: aika-arvo,
N: ?.
The basic scheme of @aref{note value}s and
one speaks of @emph{duple} (2/2, 2/4, 2/8), @emph{triple} (3/2, 3/4, 3/8), or
@emph{quadruple} (4/2, 4/4, 4/8) meter. 4/4 is also called common meter.
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\notes\relative c'' {
\time 3/4
\key f \major
c es d | c bes8 a bes4 | c es d | c2 \bar "||"}
@end lilypond
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\notes\relative c' {
\time 6/8
\key f \major
c'8 c c c e16 d e c \bar "||"}
@end lilypond
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\notes\relative c'' {
\time 5/4
\key g \major
NL: metronoom,
DK: me@-tro@-nom,
S: me@-tro@-nom,
+FI: metronomi,
N: metronom.
Device indicating the exact tempo of a piece. @aref{metronomic
NL: metronoom aanduiding,
DK: metronomtal,
S: metronomangivelse,
+FI: metronomiosoitus,
N: ?.
Exact tempo indication (in beats per minute). Also denoted by
NL: mezzosopraan,
DK: mezzosopran,
S: mezzosopran,
+FI: mezzosopraano,
N: mezzosopran.
The female voice between @aref{soprano} and
NL: centrale@w{ }c,
DK: enstreget@w{ }c,
S: ettstruket@w{ }c,
+FI: keski-C,
N: ?.
First C below the 440 Hz A.
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\property Staff.Clef \set #'full-size-change = ##t
\notes\relative c' {
\clef bass c1 s
NL: mineur,
DK: mol,
S: moll,
+FI: molli,
N: ?.
@aref{diatonic scale}.
NL: klein interval,
DK: lille interval,
S: litet intervall,
+FI: pieni intervalli,
N: ?.
@aref{interval}.
NL: modus,
DK: skala,
S: modus, skala,
+FI: moodi, kirkkos@"avelasteikko,
N: ?.
@aref{church mode}, @aref{diatonic scale}.
NL: modulatie,
DK: modulation,
S: modulering,
+FI: modulaatio, s@"avellajin vaihdos,
N: ?.
Moving from one @aref{key} to another. For example, the second
NL: mordent,
DK: mordent,
S: mordent,
+FI: mordent, korukuvio,
N: ?.
@aref{ornament}.
NL: motief,
DK: motiv,
S: motiv,
+FI: teema, s@"avelaihe,
N: ?.
The briefest intelligible and self-contained fragment of a musical theme or
subject.
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\property Score.TimeSignature \override #'style = #'()
-\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+%\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\notes\relative c'' {
\time 4/4
\key g \major
NL: deel,
DK: sats,
S: sats,
+FI: osa,
N: ?.
Greater musical works like @aref{symphony} and
D: mehrtaktige Pause,
DK: flertaktspause,
S: flertaktspaus,
+FI: usean tahdin mittainen tauko,
N: ?.
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\notes\relative c'' {
a1
\property Score.skipBars=##t R1*3
NL: herstellingsteken,
DK: op@-l@o{}sningstegn,
S: @aa{}terst@"allningstecken,
+FI: palautusmerkki,
N: ?.
@aref{accidental}.
NL: noon,
DK: none,
S: nona,
+FI: nooni,
N: ?.
@aref{interval}.
NL: noot,
DK: node,
S: not,
+FI: nuotti,
N: ?,
Notes are signs by means of which music is fixed in writing. The term is also
NL: nootballetje,
DK: nodehovede,
S: nothuvud,
+FI: nuotin p@"a@"a,
N: ?.
A head like sign which indicates pitch by its position on a
NL: nootwaarde,
DK nodev@ae{}rdi,
S: notv@"arde,
+FI: nuotin aika-arvo,
N: ?.
Note values (durations) are measured as fractions, normally 1/2, of the next
but sometimes (mostly in pre baroque music) the double length note value
@emph{longa} is used.
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
+@lilypond[notime]
+%\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\notes\relative c'' {
\property Voice.NoteHead \override #'style = #'mensural
g\longa_"longa" g\breve_"breve"
g16_"1/16" s16 g32_"1/32" s16 g64_"1/64" s32 }
@end lilypond
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
+@lilypond[notime]
+%\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\notes\relative c'' {
r\longa_"longa" r\breve_"breve"
r1_"1/1" r2_"1/2" r4_"1/4" s16 r8_"1/8" s16
An augmentation dot after a note multiplies the duration by one and a
half. Another dot adds yet a fourth of the duration.
-@lilypond[13pt]
-\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+@lilypond
+%\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\notes\relative c'' {
\time 4/4
- g4._"pointed" g8 g2 | g4 () g8 g g2 \bar "||"
- g4.._"double pointed" g16 g2 | g4 () g8 () g16 g g2 \bar "||" }
+ g4._"pointed" g8 g2 | g4 ~ g8 g g2 \bar "||"
+ g4.._"double pointed" g16 g2 | g4 ~ g8 ~ g16 g g2 \bar "||" }
@end lilypond
Alternatively note values may be subdivided by other ratios. Most common is
Subdivisions by@w{ }2 (@emph{tuplets}) or@w{ }4 (@emph{quadruplets}) of
dotted notes are also frequently used.
-@lilypond[13pt]
-\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+@lilypond
+%\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\notes\relative c'' {
\time 4/4
\times 2/3 {g8_"triplets" g g} g4 g8 g g4 \bar "||"
}
@end lilypond
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\notes\relative c'' {
\time 3/4
\times 3/2 {g4_"duplets" g} |
NL: octaaf,
DK: oktav,
S: oktav,
+FI: oktaavi,
N: ?.
@aref{interval}.
NL: versiering,
DK: forsiring,
S: ornament,
+FI: koru, hele,
N: ?.
Most commonly used is the @emph{trill}, the rapid alternation of a given note
note first while in the music from the preceding baroque and classic periods
the upper note is played first.
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
<
\context Staff = sa {
- \property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+% \property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\notes\relative c'' {
c2._"pre-1850" b4\trill | c1 \bar "||"
c2._"post-1850" b4\trill | c1 \bar "||"
Other frequently used ornaments are the @emph{turn}, the @emph{mordent} and the
@emph{prall} (inverted mordent).
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
<
\context Staff = sa {
- \property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+% \property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\notes\relative c'' {
a4_"turn" b\turn c2 \bar "||"
g4_"mordent" a b\mordent a \bar "||"
}
}
\notes\relative c'' {
- a4 [c16 b a b] c2
- g4 a [b16 a b8] a4
- e'4 [e32 d e d ~ d8] c2
+ a4 c16[ b a b] c2
+ g4 a b16-[ a b8] a4
+ e'4 e32[ d e d ~ d8] c2
}
>
@end lilypond
NL: alternatief,
DK: ossia,
S: ossia,
+FI: ossia, vaihtoehtoinen esitystapa,
N: ?.
Ossia (otherwise) marks an alternative. It is an added staff or piano
NL: partij,
DK: stemme,
S: st@"amma,
+FI: stemma, instrumenttiosuus,
N: ?.
1. In instrumental or choral music the music for the single instrument
NL: slagwerk,
DK: slagt@o{}j,
S: slagverk,
+FI: ly@"om@"asoittimet,
N: ?.
A family of musical instruments which are played on by striking or
NL: rein interval,
DK: rent interval,
S: rent intervall,
+FI: puhdas intervalli,
N: ?.
@aref{interval}.
NL: frase, zin,
DK: frase,
S: fras,
+FI: fraasi, lause,
N: ?.
A natural division of the melodic line, comparable to a sentence of speech.
NL: frasering,
DK: frasering,
S: fra@-se@-ring,
+FI: fraseeraus, j@"asent@"aminen,
N: ?.
The clear rendering in musical performance of the @aref{phrase}s of
NL: piano,
DK: piano,
S: piano,
+FI, piano, hiljaa,
N: ?.
@emph{piano} (@b{p}) soft, @emph{pianissimo} (@b{pp}) very soft,
NL: toonhoogte,
DK: toneh@o{}jde,
S: tonh@"ojd,
+FI: s@"avelkorkeus,
N: ?.
@aitem{pizzicato}
NL: pizzicato, getokkeld,
DK: pizzicato,
S: pizzicato,
+FI: pizzicato, n@"app@"aillen,
N: ?.
Play by plucking the strings.
NL: polyfonie,
DK: polyfoni,
S: polyfoni,
+FI: polyfonia, moni@"a@"anisyys,
N: ?.
Music written in a combination of several simultaneous voices (parts) of a
NL: presto, Sehr schnell,
DK: presto,
S: presto,
+FI: presto, hyvin nopeasti,
N: ?.
Very quick, i.e. quicker than @aref{allegro}. @emph{prestissimo}
NL: komma van Pythagoras,
DK: pythagor@ae{}isk komma,
S: pytagoreiskt komma,
+FI: pytagorinen komma,
N: ?.
A sequence of fifths starting on@w{ }C eventually circles back to@w{ }C,
NL: kwartool,
DK: kvartol,
S: kvartol,
+FI: kvartoli,
N: ?.
@aref{note value}.
NL: kwartnoot,
DK: fjerdedelsnode,
S: fj@"ardedelsnot,
+FI: nelj@"annesosanuotti,
N: ?.
@aref{note value}.
NL: kwart rust,
DK:@w{ }fjerdedelspause,
S: fj@"ardedelspaus,
+FI: nelj@"annesosatauko,
N: ?.
@aref{note value}.
NL: kwintool,
DK: kvintol,
S: kvintol,
+FI: kvintoli,
N: ?.
@aref{note value}.
NL: rallentando,
DK: rallentando,
S: rallentando,
+FI. rallerdando, hidastuen,
N: rallentando.
Abbreviation "rall.". @aref{ritardando}.
I: tonalit@`a relativa,
F: tonalit@'e relative,
D: Paralleltonart,
+NL: paralleltoonsoort,
DK: paralleltoneart,
S: parallelltonart,
+FI: rinnakkaiss@"avellaji,
N: ?.
@aref{major} and @aref{minor} @aref{key}
with the same @aref{key signature}.
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
-\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
+%\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\notes\relative c' {
\key es \major
es1_"e flat major" f g as bes c d es
}
@end lilypond
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
-\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
+%\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\notes\relative c' {
\key es \major
c1_"c minor" d es f g a! b! c \bar "||"
NL: herhaling,
DK: gen@-ta@-gel@-se,
S: repris,
+FI: toisto,
N: ?.
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\key g \major
\time 4/4
\notes\relative c'' {
NL: rust,
DK: pause,
S: paus,
+FI: tauko,
N: ?.
@aref{note value}.
NL: ritme,
DK: rytme,
S: rytm,
+FI: rytmi,
N: ?.
(a) Metrical rhythm in which every time value is a multiple or fraction of a
NL: ritardando,
DK: ritardando,
S: ritardando,
+FI. ritardando, hidastuen,
N: ?.
Gradually slackening in speed. Mostly abbreviated to rit. or ritard.
NL: ritenuto,
DK: ritenuto,
S: ritenuto,
+FI: ritenuto, hidastaen,
N: ?.
Immediate reduction of speed.
NL: toonladder,
DK: Skala,
S: skala,
+FI: asteikko, s@"avelasteikko,
N: ?.
@aref{diatonic scale}.
NL: trap [van de toonladder],
DK: skalatrin,
S: skalsteg (?),
+FI: s@"avelaste, asteikon s@"avel,
N: ?.
Names and symbols used in harmonic analysis to denote tones of the scale as
roots of chords. The most important are degrees I = tonic (T), IV =
sub@-do@-mi@-nant (S) and V = dominant (D).
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
-\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
+%\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
%\property Lyrics.minVerticalAlign = #8
\addlyrics
\context Staff \notes\relative c' {
NL: partituur,
DK: partitur,
S: partitur,
+FI: partituuri,
N: ?.
A copy of orchestral, choral or chamber music showing what each instrument is
NL: secunde,
DK: sekund,
S: sekund,
+FI: sekunti,
N: ?.
The @aref{interval} between two neigbouring tones of a scale. A
NL: halve toon,
DK: halvtone,
S: halvton,
+FI: puolis@"avel,
N: ?.
The @aref{interval} of a minor second. The (usually) smallest
semitone. An octave may be divided into 12@w{ }semitones.
@aref{interval}, @aref{chromatic scale}.
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\notes\relative c'' { g1 gis s a bes s b! c }
@end lilypond
NL: septiem,
DK: septim,
S: septim,
+FI: septimi,
N: ?.
@aref{interval}.
NL: sextool,
DK: sekstol,
S: sextol,
+FI: sekstoli,
N: ?.
@aref{note value}.
NL: kruis,
DK: kryds,
S: korsf@"ortecken,
+FI: korotusmerkki,
N: ?.
@aref{accidental}.
NL: zes@-ti@-ende noot,
DK: sekstendedelsnode,
S: sextondelsnot,
+FI: kuudestoistaosanuotti,
N: ?.
@aref{note value}.
NL: zestiende rust,
DK: sekstendedelspause,
S: sextondelspaus,
+FI: kuudesosatauko,
N: ?.
@aref{note value}.
NL: sext,
DK: sekst,
S: sext,
+FI: seksti,
N: ?.
@aref{interval}.
NL: vierenzestigste noot,
DK: fi@-re@-og@-tred@-sinds@-ty@-ven@-de@-dels@-no@-de,
S: sextiofj@"ardedelsnot,
+FI: kuudeskymmenesnelj@"asosanuotti,
N: ?.
@aref{note value}.
NL: vierenzestigste rust,
DK: fi@-re@-og@-tred@-sinds@-ty@-ven@-de@-dels@-pau@-se,
S: sextiofj@"ardedelspaus,
+FI: kuudeskymmenesnelj@"asosatauko,
N: ?.
@aref{note value}.
ES: ligadura,
I: legatura (di portamento or espressiva),
F: liaison, coul@'e,
-D: Bogen, Bindebogen, Legatobogen, Phrasierungsbogen,
-NL: binding, bindingsboog,
+D: Bogen, Legatobogen, Phrasierungsbogen,
+NL: fraseringsboog, legatoboog, streekboog,
DK: legatobue, fraseringsbue,
S: b@aa{}ge,
+FI: kaari,
N: ?.
A slur above or below a group of notes indicates that they are to be played
NL: solmizatie,
DK: solmisation,
S: solmisation,
+FI: suhteelliset laulunimet,
N: ?.
General term for systems of designating the degrees of the
NL: sonate,
DK: sonate,
S: sonat,
+FI: sonaatti,
N: ?.
In its present-day meaning a sonata denotes an instrumental composition for
NL: hoofdvorm, sonatevorm,
DK: sonateform,
S: sonatform,
+FI: sonaattimuoto,
N: ?.
A form used frequently for single movements of the @aref{sonata},
NL: sopraan,
DK: sopran,
S: sopran,
+FI: sopraano, korkea nais@"a@"ani,
N: ?.
The highest female voice.
NL: staccato,
DK: staccato,
S: staccato,
+FI: staccato, lyhyesti, ter@"av@"asti,
N: ?.
Playing the note(s) short. Staccato is indicated by a dot above or below the
notehead.
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\key d \major
\time 4/4
\notes\relative c'' {
NL: (noten)balk, partij,
DK: nodesystem,
S: notsystem,
+FI: nuottiviivasto,
N: ?.
pl. staves. A series of (normally@w{ }5) horizontal lines upon and between
NL: stok,
DK: hals,
S: skaft,
+FI: nuottipalkki,
N: ?.
Vertical line above or below a @aref{note head} shorter than a
whole note. @aref{beam}.
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
+@lilypond[notime]
\property Score.autoBeaming = ##f
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
-\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
+%\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\notes\relative c'' {
g2_"1/2" g' s16
g,4_"1/4" g' s16
NL: strijkers,
DK: strygere,
S: str@aa{}kar,
+FI: jouset,
N: ?.
A family of stringed musical instruments played with a bow. Strings commonly
NL: thesis,
D: betonet taktslag,
S: betonat taktslag,
+FI: tahdin vahva isku,
N: ?.
@aref{beat}, @aref{accent}, @aref{measure},
NL: subdominant,
DK: subdominant,
S: subdominant,
+FI: subdominantti, alidominantti,
N: ?.
The fourth @aref{scale degree}. @aref{functional
NL: submediant,
DK: Submediant,
S: submediant,
+FI: alikeskis@"avel,
N: ?.
The sixth @aref{scale degree}.
NL: subtonica,
DK: Subtonika,
S: subtonika,
+FI: subtoonika, alitoonika,
N: ?.
The seventh @aref{scale degree}.
NL: superdominant,
DK: superdominant,
S: superdominant,
+FI: ylidominantti,
N: ?.
The sixth @aref{scale degree}.
NL: supertonica,
DK: supertonika,
S: supertonika,
+FI: ylitoonika,
N: ?.
The second @aref{scale degree}.
NL: symfonie,
DK: symfoni,
S: symfoni,
+FI: sinfonia,
N: ?.
A symphony may be defined as a @aref{sonata} for orchestra.
NL: syncope,
DK: synkope,
S: synkop,
+FI: synkooppi,
N: ?.
Any deliberate upsetting of the normal pulse of @aref{meter},
deviation from this scheme is felt as a disturbance or contradiction between
the underlaying (normal) pulse and the actual (abnormal) rhythm.
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\time 4/4
\notes\relative c' {
\partial 4
d8 dis |
- e c'4 e,8 c'4 e,8 c' ( | ) c2
+ e c'4 e,8 c'4 e,8 c' ( | c2)
}
@end lilypond
NL: syntonische komma,
DK: syntonisk komma,
S: syntoniskt komma,
+FI: syntoninen komma, terssin taajuusero luonnollisessa ja Pytagorisessa viritysj@"arjestelm@"ass@"a,
N: ?.
Difference between the natural third and the third obtained by Pythagorean
NL: systeem,
DK: system,
S: system,
+FI: nuottij@"arjestelm@"a,
N: ?.
The collection of staves @aref{staff}, two or more, as used for
I: temperamento,
F: temp@'erament,
D: Stimmung, Temperatur,
-NL: temperament,
+NL: stemming, temperatuur,
DK: temperatur,
S: temperatur,
+FI: viritysj@"arjestelm@"a,
N: ?.
Systems of tuning in which the intervals deviate from the acoustically pure
NL: tempo aanduiding,
DK: tempobetegelse,
S: tempobeteckning,
+FI: tempomerkint@"a,
N: ?.
The rate of speed of a composition or a section thereof, ranging from the
NL: tenor,
DK: tenor,
S: tenor,
+FI: tenori, korkea mies@"a@"ani,
N: ?.
The highest voice of men (apart from @aref{counter tenor}).
NL: deciem,
DK: decim,
S: decima,
+FI: desimi,
N: ?.
@aref{note value}.
NL: terts,
DK: terts,
S: ters,
+FI: terssi,
N: ?.
@aref{interval}.
NL: twee-endertig@-ste noot,
DK: toogtredivtedelsnode,
S: trettiotv@aa{}ondelsnot,
+FI: kolmanneskymmeneskahdesosanuotti,
N: ?.
@aref{note value}.
NL: 32e rust,
DK: toogtredivtedelspause,
S: trettiotv@aa{}ondelspaus,
+FI: kolmanneskymmeneskahdesosatauko,
N: ?.
@aref{note value}.
I: basso continuo, basso numerato,
F: basse chiffr@'ee,
D: Generalbass, bezifferter Bass,
-NL: basso continuo,
+NL: basso continuo, becijferde bas
DK: generalbas,
S: generalbas,
+FI: kenraalibasso, numeroitu basso,
N: ?.
A method of indicating an accompaniment part by the bass notes only, together
with figures designating the chief @aref{interval}s and
@aref{chord}s to be played above the bass notes.
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\context GrandStaff <
\context Staff = lh \notes\relative c'' {
\time 4/4
es8 c d bes c as bes16 as g f | es4
}
\context Lyrics \lyrics {
- \property Lyrics . LyricText \set #'font-style = #'Large
+% \property Lyrics . LyricText \set #'font-style = #'Large
\property Lyrics . VerticalAlign \override #'threshold = #'(6 . 12)
< { "" "6" "" "4" "" "6" "" "" "6" "4" }
{ "" "" "" "2" "" "" "" "" "" "2" } >
I: legatura (di valore),
F: liaison,
D: Haltebogen,
-NL: overbinding,
+NL: overbinding, bindingsboog,
DK: bindebue,
S: bindeb@aa{}ge, @"overbindning,
+FI: sitominen,
N: ?.
A curved line, identical in appearance with the @aref{slur}, which
connects two succesive notes of the same pitch, and which has the function of
uniting them into a single sound equal to the combined durations.
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\notes\relative c'' { g2 ~ g4. }
@end lilypond
NL: maatsoort,
DK: taktangivelse,
S: taktartssignatur,
+FI: tahtiosoitus,
N: ?.
@aref{meter}.
NL: toon,
DK: tone,
S: ton,
+FI: @"a@"ani,
N: ?.
A sound of definite pitch and duration, as distinct from @emph{noise}.
NL: tonica,
DK: tonika,
S: tonika,
+FI: toonika,
N: ?.
The first @aref{scale degree}.
NL: transpositie,
DK: transposition,
S: transponering,
+FI: transponointi,
N: ?.
Shifting a melody up or down in pitch, while keeping the same
relative pitches.
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\context Staff {
\time 3/4
\notes\relative c'' {
}
@end lilypond
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\context Staff {
\time 3/4
\transpose c bes \relative c'' {
NL: viool sleutel,
DK:@w{ }diskantn@o{}gle,
S: diskantklav,
+FI: diskanttiavain,
N: ?.
@aref{G clef}.
NL: tremolo,
DK: tremolo,
S: tremolo,
+FI: tremolo,
N: ?.
On stringed instruments (@aref{strings}) the quick reiteration of
a @aref{chord}, usually in the distance of a third
(@aref{interval}).
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
-\property Score.barNonAuto = ##t
-\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
+@lilypond[notime]
+\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
+%\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\notes\relative c' {
e2:32_"a"
f:32 [ e8:16 f:16 g:16 a:16 ] s4
NL: drieklank,
DK: treklang,
S: treklang,
+FI: kolmisointu,
N: ?.
@aref{chord}.
NL: triller,
DK: trille,
S: drill,
+FI: trilli,
N: ?.
@aref{ornament}.
NL: driedelige maatsoort,
DK: tredelt takt,
S: tretakt,
+FI: kolmijakoinen,
N: ?.
@aref{meter}.
NL: triool,
DK: triol,
S: triol,
+FI: trioli,
N: ?.
@aref{note value}.
NL: tritoon,
DK: tritonus,
S: tritonus,
+FI: tritonus,
N: ?.
@aref{interval}.
NL: stemvork,
DK: stemmegaffel,
S: st@"amgaffel,
+FI: viritysavain,
N: ?.
A two-pronged piece of steel used to indicate absolute pitch. Tuning forks
NL: dubbelslag,
DK: dobbeltslag,
S: dubbelslag,
+FI: korukuvio,
N: ?.
???
NL: unisono,
DK: unison,
S: unison,
+FI: unisono, yksi@"a@"anisesti,
N: ?.
Playing of the same notes or the same melody by various instruments (voices)
NL: opmaat,
DK: optakt,
S: upptakt,
+FI: kohotahti,
N: ?.
Initial note(s) of a melody occurring before the first bar
line. @aref{measure}, @aref{meter}.
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\key f \major
\time 4/4
\notes\relative c' {
\partial 4 f4 | bes4. a8 bes4 c |
- bes () a g f | bes4. a8 bes4 c | f,2. \bar "||" }
+ bes( a) g f | bes4. a8 bes4 c | f,2. \bar "||" }
@end lilypond
@aitem{voice}
NL: stem,
DK: stemme,
S: st@"amma,
+FI: @"a@"ani, laulu@"a@"ani,
N: ?,
1. Human voices: @aref{soprano}, @aref{mezzo-soprano},
NL: arsis,
DK: ubetonet taktslag,
S: obetonat taktslag,
+FI: tahdin heikko isku,
N: ?.
@aref{beat}, @aref{measure}, @aref{rhythm}.
NL: hele noot,
DK: helnode,
S: helnot,
+FI: kokonuotti,
N: ?.
@aref{note value}.
NL: hele rust,
DK: helnodespause,
S: helpaus,
+FI: kokotauko,
N: ?.
@aref{note value}.
NL: hele toon,
DK: heltone,
S: helton,
+FI: kokoaskel,
N: ?.
The @aref{interval} of a major second. The interval between two
NL: houtblazers,
DK tr@ae{}bl@ae{}sere,
S: tr@"abl@aa{}sare,
+FI: puupuhaltimet,
N: ?.
A family of blown wooden musical instruments. Today some of these instruments
@item DURATION NAMES, NOTES AND RESTS
@end table
-@multitable @columnfractions .111 .111 .111 .111 .111 .111 .111 .111 .111
+@multitable @columnfractions .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1
@item @tab @strong{UK} @tab @strong{I} @tab @strong{F} @tab @strong{D} @tab
-@strong{NL} @tab @strong{DK} @tab @strong{S} @tab @strong{N}
+@strong{NL} @tab @strong{DK} @tab @strong{S} @tab @strong{FI} @tab @strong{N}
@item
@item @strong{longa} @tab longa @tab longa @tab longa @tab Longa @tab longa
-@tab longa @tab longa @tab longa
+@tab longa @tab longa @tab longa @tab longa
@item
@item @strong{breve} @tab breve @tab breve @tab br@`eve @tab Brevis @tab
-brevis @tab brevis @tab brevis @tab brevis
+brevis @tab brevis @tab brevis @tab brevis @tab brevis
@item
@item @strong{whole} @tab semi@-breve @tab semi@-breve @tab ronde @tab
-Ganze @tab hele @tab hel @tab hel @tab
+Ganze @tab hele @tab hel @tab hel @tab kokonuotti/-tauko @tab
@item
@item @strong{half} @tab minim @tab minima @tab blanche @tab Halbe @tab
-halve @tab halv @tab halv @tab
+halve @tab halv @tab halv @tab puoli- @tab
@item
@item @strong{quarter} @tab crotchet @tab semi@-minima @tab noire @tab
-Viertel @tab kwart @tab fjerde@-del @tab fj@"arde@-del @tab
+Viertel @tab kwart @tab fjerde@-del @tab fj@"arde@-del @tab nelj@"annes- @tab
@item
@item @strong{eighth} @tab quaver @tab croma @tab croche @tab Achtel @tab
-achtste @tab ottende@-del @tab @aa{}tton@-del @tab
+achtste @tab ottende@-del @tab @aa{}tton@-del @tab kahdeksasosa- @tab
@item
@item @strong{sixteenth} @tab semi@-quaver @tab semi@-croma @tab double croche
@tab Sech@-zehntel @tab zes@-ti@-ende @tab seks@-tende@-del @tab sexton@-del
-@tab
+@tab kuudestoistaosa- @tab
@item
@item @strong{thirty-second} @tab demi@-semi@-quaver @tab bis@-croma @tab
triple croche @tab Zwei@-und@-drei@-@ss{}ig@-stel @tab twee-en@-dertig@-ste
-@tab toog@-tredivte-del @tab trettio@-tv@aa{}on@-del @tab
+@tab toog@-tredivte-del @tab trettio@-tv@aa{}on@-del @tab kolmaskymmeneskahdesosa- @tab
@item
@item @strong{sixty-fourth} @tab hemi@-demi@-semi@-quaver @tab
semi@-bis@-croma @tab qua@-druple croche @tab Vier@-und@-sechzig@-stel @tab
vier@-en@-zestig@-ste @tab fireog@-tred@-sinds@-ty@-ven@-de@-del @tab
-sextio@-fj@"arde@-del @tab
+sextio@-fj@"arde@-del @tab kuudeskymmenesnelj@"asosa- @tab
@end multitable
-@c @item @tab @tab @tab @tab @tab @tab @tab @tab
+@c @item @tab @tab @tab @tab @tab @tab @tab @tab @tab
@page
@item PITCH NAMES
@end table
-@multitable @columnfractions .125 .125 .125 .125 .125 .125 .125 .125
+@multitable @columnfractions .111 .111 .111 .111 .111 .111 .111 .111 .111
@item @tab @strong{I} @tab @strong{F} @tab @strong{D} @tab
-@strong{NL} @tab @strong{DK} @tab @strong{S} @tab @strong{N}
+@strong{NL} @tab @strong{DK} @tab @strong{S} @tab @strong{FI}
+@tab @strong{N}
@item
-@item @strong{c} @tab do @tab ut @tab C @tab c @tab c @tab c @tab c
+@item @strong{c} @tab do @tab ut @tab C @tab c @tab c @tab c @tab C @tab c
@item
@item @strong{c-sharp} @tab do diesis @tab ut di@`ese @tab Cis @tab cis @tab
-cis @tab cis @tab cis
+cis @tab cis @tab Cis @tab cis
@item
@item @strong{d-flat} @tab re bemolle @tab r@'e b@'emol @tab Des @tab des @tab
-des @tab des @tab des
+des @tab des @tab Des @tab des
@item
-@item @strong{d} @tab re @tab r@'e @tab D @tab d @tab d @tab d @tab d
+@item @strong{d} @tab re @tab r@'e @tab D @tab d @tab d @tab d @tab D @tab d
@item
-@item @strong{e} @tab mi @tab mi @tab E @tab e @tab e @tab e @tab e
+@item @strong{e} @tab mi @tab mi @tab E @tab e @tab e @tab e @tab E @tab e
@item
-@item @strong{f} @tab fa @tab fa @tab F @tab f @tab f @tab f @tab f
+@item @strong{f} @tab fa @tab fa @tab F @tab f @tab f @tab f @tab F @tab f
@item
-@item @strong{g} @tab sol @tab sol @tab G @tab g @tab g @tab g @tab g
+@item @strong{g} @tab sol @tab sol @tab G @tab g @tab g @tab g @tab G @tab g
@item
@item @strong{a-flat} @tab la bemolle @tab la b@'emol @tab As @tab as @tab as
-@tab as @tab as
+@tab as @tab As @tab as
@item
-@item @strong{a} @tab la @tab la @tab A @tab a @tab a @tab a @tab a
+@item @strong{a} @tab la @tab la @tab A @tab a @tab a @tab a @tab A @tab a
@item
@item @strong{a-sharp} @tab la diesis @tab la di@`ese @tab Ais @tab ais @tab
-ais @tab ais @tab ais
+ais @tab ais @tab Ais @tab ais
@item
@item @strong{b-flat} @tab si bemolle @tab si b@'emol @tab B @tab bes @tab b
-@tab b @tab b
+@tab b @tab B @tab b
@item
-@item @strong{b} @tab si @tab si @tab H @tab b @tab h @tab h @tab h
+@item @strong{b} @tab si @tab si @tab H @tab b @tab h @tab h @tab H @tab h
@end multitable
The Harvard Dictionary of Music, London 1944. Many more or less literal
quotes from its articles have been included into the item explanation texts.
-Hugo Riemanns Musiklexicon, Berlin 1929
+Hugo Riemanns Musiklexicon, Berlin 1929.
Polyglottes W@"orterbuch der musikalischen Terminologie, Kassel 1980
Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current English, Third Edition 1974.
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff