version that you are working on. See TRANSLATION for details.
@end ignore
-@c \version "2.11.51"
+@c \version "2.12.0"
-@node Keyboard instruments
-@section Keyboard instruments
+@node Keyboard and other multi-staff instruments
+@section Keyboard and other multi-staff instruments
@lilypondfile[quote]{keyboard-headword.ly}
-This section discusses several aspects of music notation that are unique
-to keyboard instruments.
+This section discusses several aspects of music notation that are
+unique to keyboard instruments and other instruments notated on
+many staves, such as harps and vibraphones. For the purposes of
+this section this entire group of multi-staff instruments is called
+@qq{keyboards} for short, even though some of them do not have a
+keyboard.
@menu
* Common notation for keyboards::
* Piano::
* Accordion::
+* Harp::
@end menu
@node Common notation for keyboards
@subsection Common notation for keyboards
-This section discusses notation issues that may arise for most keyboard
-instruments.
+This section discusses notation issues that may arise for most
+keyboard instruments.
@menu
* References for keyboards::
@cindex staves, keyed instruments
@cindex keyboard instrument staves
@cindex keyed instrument staves
+
@funindex PianoStaff
Keyboard instruments are usually notated with Piano staves. These
@end itemize
-@seealso
+@c @snippets
+@c @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+@c {forcing-visibility-of-systems-with-multi-bar-rests-when-using-\RemoveEmptyStaffContext.ly}
+@c http://lsr.dsi.unimi.it/LSR/Item?u=1&id=312
+@seealso
Learning Manual:
@rlearning{Real music example},
@rlearning{Other uses for tweaks}.
Snippets:
@rlsr{Keyboards}.
+
@knownissues
@cindex keyboard music, centering dynamics
@cindex notes, cross-staff
@cindex cross-staff beams
@cindex beams, cross-staff
+
@funindex \change
@funindex change
@var{staffname}. Typical values for @var{staffname} are
@code{"up"} and @code{"down"}, or @code{"RH"} and @code{"LH"}.
+The staff to which the voice is being switched must exist at the
+time of the switch. If necessary, staves should be @qq{kept alive},
+see @ref{Keeping contexts alive}.
+
Cross-staff notes are beamed automatically:
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
example of beam tweaking, see @rlearning{Fixing overlapping
notation}.
-@seealso
+@seealso
Learning Manual:
@rlearning{Fixing overlapping notation}.
Notation Reference:
-@ruser{Stems},
-@ruser{Automatic beams}.
+@ref{Stems},
+@ref{Automatic beams},
+@ref{Keeping contexts alive}.
Snippets:
@rlsr{Keyboards}.
@cindex changing staff automatically
@cindex automatic staff changes
@cindex staff changes, automatic
+
@funindex \autochange
@funindex autochange
@funindex PianoStaff
@cindex relative music and autochange
@cindex autochange and relative music
+
@funindex \relative
@funindex relative
If additional control is needed over the individual staves, they
can be created manually with the names @code{"up"} and
@code{"down"}. The @code{\autochange} command will then switch
-its voice between the existing staves. For example, this is
-necessary to place a key signature in the lower staff:
+its voice between the existing staves.
+
+@warning{If staves are created manually, they @emph{must} be named
+@code{"up"} and @code{"down"}.}
+
+For example, staves must be created manually in order to place a
+key signature in the lower staff:
@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
\new PianoStaff <<
>>
@end lilypond
-@seealso
+@seealso
Notation Reference:
@ref{Changing staff manually}.
Internals Reference:
@rinternals{AutoChangeMusic}.
+
@knownissues
@cindex chords, splitting across staves with \autochange
@cindex line, cross-staff
@cindex line, staff-change
@cindex follow voice
+@cindex voice, following
@cindex staff switching
@cindex cross-staff
+
@funindex followVoice
@funindex \showStaffSwitch
@funindex showStaffSwitch
>>
@end lilypond
+
@predefined
+@code{\showStaffSwitch},
+@code{\hideStaffSwitch}.
+@endpredefined
-@code{\showStaffSwitch}, @code{\hideStaffSwitch}.
@seealso
-
Snippets:
@rlsr{Keyboards}.
@cindex chords, cross-staff
@cindex cross-staff chords
@cindex cross staff chords
+
@funindex Stem
@funindex cross-staff
@funindex length
\new PianoStaff <<
\new Staff {
\relative c' {
- f8 e4 d8 <f bes,>2
+ f8 e4 d8 d f e4
}
}
\new Staff {
\override Stem #'length = #12
% do not print extra flags
\override Stem #'flag-style = #'no-flag
- a8 g4 f8
+ % prevent beaming as needed
+ a8 g4 f8 f bes\noBeam g4
}
\\
{
- f,2 d'
+ f,2 bes4 c
} >>
}
}
@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
{indicating-cross-staff-chords-with-arpeggio-bracket.ly}
-@seealso
+@seealso
Snippets:
@rlsr{Keyboards}.
Internals Reference:
@rinternals{Stem}.
+
@node Piano
@subsection Piano
@cindex piano pedals
@cindex pedals, piano
@cindex sustain pedal
+@cindex pedal, sustain
@cindex sostenuto pedal
+@cindex pedal, sostenuto
@cindex una corda
@cindex tre corde
@cindex sos.
@cindex U.C.
+
@funindex \sustainOn
@funindex sustainOn
@funindex \sustainOff
@cindex pedal indication, mixed
@cindex pedal sustain style
@cindex sustain pedal style
+
@funindex pedalSustainStyle
@funindex mixed
@funindex bracket
The placement of the pedal commands matches the physical movement of the
sustain pedal during piano performance. Pedalling to the final bar line
-is indicated by omitting the final pedal up command.
+is indicated by omitting the final pedal off command.
-@seealso
+@seealso
Notation Reference:
@ref{Ties}.
@rinternals{PianoPedalBracket},
@rinternals{Piano_pedal_engraver}.
+
@node Accordion
@subsection Accordion
@node Discant symbols
@unnumberedsubsubsec Discant symbols
+
@cindex accordion discant symbols
@cindex discant symbols, accordion
@cindex accordion shifts
@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
{accordion-discant-symbols.ly}
-@seealso
+@seealso
Snippets:
@rlsr{Keyboards}.
+
+
+@node Harp
+@subsection Harp
+
+This section discusses notation issues that are unique to the harp.
+
+@menu
+* References for harps::
+* Harp pedals::
+@end menu
+
+@node References for harps
+@unnumberedsubsubsec References for harps
+@cindex harps
+@cindex bisbiglando
+
+Some common characteristics of harp music are covered elsewhere:
+
+@itemize
+
+@item The glissando is the most characterisic harp technique,
+@ref{Glissando}.
+
+@item A @notation{bisbigliando} is written as a tremelo @ref{Tremolo
+repeats}
+
+@item Natural harmonics are covered under @ref{Harmonics}.
+
+@item For directional arpeggios and non-arpeggios, see @ref{Arpeggio}.
+
+@end itemize
+
+@seealso
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Tremolo repeats}
+@ref{Glissando}
+@ref{Arpeggio}
+@ref{Harmonics}
+
+@node Harp pedals
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Harp pedals
+
+@cindex harp pedals
+@cindex harp pedal diagrams
+@cindex pedals, harp
+@cindex pedal diagrams, harp
+
+Harps have seven strings per octave that may be sounded at the natural,
+flattened, or sharpened pitch. In lever harps, each string is adjusted
+individually, but in pedal harps every string with the same pitch name
+is controlled by a single pedal. From the player's left to right, the
+pedals are D, C, and B on the left and E, F, G, and A on the right.
+The position of the pedals may be indicated with text marks:
+
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=2]
+\textLengthOn
+cis1_\markup \concat \vcenter { [D \flat C \sharp B|E \sharp F \sharp G A \flat] }
+c!1_\markup \concat \vcenter {[ C \natural ]}
+@end lilypond
+
+or pedal diagrams:
+
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=2]
+\textLengthOn
+cis1_\markup { \harp-pedal #"^v-|vv-^" }
+c!1_\markup { \harp-pedal #"^o--|vv-^" }
+@end lilypond
+
+The @code{\harp-pedal} command accepts a string of characters, where
+@code{^} is the highest pedal position (flattened pitch), @code{-} is
+the middle pedal postion (natural pitch), @code{v} is the lowest pedal
+position (sharpened pitch), and @code{|} is the divider. A prefixed
+@code{o} will circle the following pedal symbol.
+
+@seealso
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Text scripts}
+@ref{Instrument Specific Markup}
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