Add dynamic script fffff; update docs.

[lilypond.git] / Documentation / user / keyboards.itely

diff --git a/Documentation/user/keyboards.itely b/Documentation/user/keyboards.itely
index 308fb9389c918b53cc3b02d9537c3fab38a7b804..c1adb583b674c4bfbd1483957e51aeb3634b27fb 100644 (file)
--- a/Documentation/user/keyboards.itely
+++ b/Documentation/user/keyboards.itely
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
     version that you are working on.  See TRANSLATION for details.
 @end ignore
 
-@c \version "2.11.61"
+@c \version "2.12.0"
 
 @node Keyboard and other multi-staff instruments
 @section Keyboard and other multi-staff instruments
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ keyboard.
 @subsection Common notation for keyboards
 
 This section discusses notation issues that may arise for most
-many-stringed instruments.
+keyboard instruments.
 
 @menu
 * References for keyboards::
@@ -99,6 +99,10 @@ as shown in @rlearning{Other uses for tweaks}.
 
 @end itemize
 
+@c @snippets
+@c @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+@c {forcing-visibility-of-systems-with-multi-bar-rests-when-using-\RemoveEmptyStaffContext.ly}
+@c http://lsr.dsi.unimi.it/LSR/Item?u=1&id=312
 
 @seealso
 Learning Manual:
@@ -164,6 +168,10 @@ the current voice from its current staff to the staff called
 @var{staffname}.  Typical values for @var{staffname} are
 @code{"up"} and @code{"down"}, or @code{"RH"} and @code{"LH"}.
 
+The staff to which the voice is being switched must exist at the
+time of the switch.  If necessary, staves should be @qq{kept alive},
+see @ref{Keeping contexts alive}.
+
 Cross-staff notes are beamed automatically:
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
@@ -199,7 +207,8 @@ Learning Manual:
 
 Notation Reference:
 @ref{Stems},
-@ref{Automatic beams}.
+@ref{Automatic beams},
+@ref{Keeping contexts alive}.
 
 Snippets:
 @rlsr{Keyboards}.
@@ -257,8 +266,13 @@ has no effect on the pitches of the music, so if necessary, put
 If additional control is needed over the individual staves, they
 can be created manually with the names @code{"up"} and
 @code{"down"}.  The @code{\autochange} command will then switch
-its voice between the existing staves.  For example, this is
-necessary to place a key signature in the lower staff:
+its voice between the existing staves.  
+
+@warning{If staves are created manually, they @emph{must} be named
+@code{"up"} and @code{"down"}.}
+
+For example, staves must be created manually in order to place a
+key signature in the lower staff:
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
 \new PianoStaff <<
@@ -497,7 +511,7 @@ d\sustainOff\sustainOn g, c2
 
 The placement of the pedal commands matches the physical movement of the
 sustain pedal during piano performance.  Pedalling to the final bar line
-is indicated by omitting the final pedal up command.
+is indicated by omitting the final pedal off command.
 
 
 @seealso
@@ -561,22 +575,77 @@ Snippets:
 @node Harp
 @subsection Harp
 
-TBC
+This section discusses notation issues that are unique to the harp.
 
-@ignore
-Some possibilities:
-- glissandi
-- tremolo (for bisbigliando)
-- natural harmonics
-- directional arpeggio and non-arpeggio
-- workaroung for keeping both staves visible in an orchestral
-  score,
-http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/lilypond-user/2007-08/msg00386.html
-and http://lsr.dsi.unimi.it/LSR/Item?u=1&id=312
-
-An LSR snippet could be used to demonstrate the main items; in the
-case of glissandi, it would be desirable to have a demonstration
-of different styles.
+@menu
+* References for harps::
+* Harp pedals::
+@end menu
 
-@end ignore
+@node References for harps
+@unnumberedsubsubsec References for harps
+@cindex harps
+@cindex bisbiglando
+
+Some common characteristics of harp music are covered elsewhere:
 
+@itemize
+
+@item The glissando is the most characterisic harp technique,
+@ref{Glissando}.
+
+@item A @notation{bisbigliando} is written as a tremelo @ref{Tremolo
+repeats}
+
+@item Natural harmonics are covered under @ref{Harmonics}.
+
+@item For directional arpeggios and non-arpeggios, see @ref{Arpeggio}.
+
+@end itemize
+
+@seealso
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Tremolo repeats}
+@ref{Glissando}
+@ref{Arpeggio}
+@ref{Harmonics}
+
+@node Harp pedals
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Harp pedals
+
+@cindex harp pedals
+@cindex harp pedal diagrams
+@cindex pedals, harp
+@cindex pedal diagrams, harp
+
+Harps have seven strings per octave that may be sounded at the natural,
+flattened, or sharpened pitch. In lever harps, each string is adjusted
+individually, but in pedal harps every string with the same pitch name
+is controlled by a single pedal. From the player's left to right, the
+pedals are D, C, and B on the left and E, F, G, and A on the right.
+The position of the pedals may be indicated with text marks:
+
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=2]
+\textLengthOn
+cis1_\markup \concat \vcenter { [D \flat C \sharp B|E \sharp F \sharp G A \flat] }
+c!1_\markup \concat \vcenter {[ C \natural ]}
+@end lilypond
+
+or pedal diagrams:
+
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=2]
+\textLengthOn
+cis1_\markup { \harp-pedal #"^v-|vv-^" }
+c!1_\markup { \harp-pedal #"^o--|vv-^" }
+@end lilypond
+
+The @code{\harp-pedal} command accepts a string of characters, where
+@code{^} is the highest pedal position (flattened pitch), @code{-} is
+the middle pedal postion (natural pitch), @code{v} is the lowest pedal
+position (sharpened pitch), and @code{|} is the divider. A prefixed
+@code{o} will circle the following pedal symbol.
+
+@seealso
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Text scripts}
+@ref{Instrument Specific Markup}