-@c -*- coding: latin-1; mode: texinfo; -*-
+@c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*-
+@c This file is part of lilypond.tely
+
@node Running LilyPond
@chapter Running LilyPond
@menu
-* Invoking lilypond::
-* Error messages::
-* Updating files with convert-ly::
-* Reporting bugs::
-* Editor support::
+* Invoking lilypond::
+* Notes for the MacOS X app::
+* Updating files with convert-ly::
+* Reporting bugs::
+* Error messages::
+* Editor support::
+* Point and click::
@end menu
@node Invoking lilypond
not to change any system defaults from within Scheme.}
-@section Command line options
+@subsection Command line options
The following options are supported:
@item -e,--evaluate=@var{expr}
Evaluate the Scheme @var{expr} before parsing any @file{.ly} files.
Multiple @code{-e} options may be given, they will be evaluated
-sequentially. The function @code{ly:set-option} allows access to
-some internal variables. Use @code{-e '(ly:option-usage)'} for more
-information.
+sequentially.
+
+The expression will be evaluated in the @code{guile-user} module, so
+if you want to use definitions in @var{expr}, use
+
+@example
+lilypond -e '(define-public a 42)'
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+on the command-line, and include
+
+@example
+#(use-modules (guile-user))
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+at the top of the @code{.ly} file.
@item -f,--format=@var{format}
which formats should be written. Choices are @code{svg}, @code{ps},
Postscript files include TTF, Type1 and OTF fonts. No subsetting of
these fonts is done. When using oriental character sets, this can
- lead to huge files.
-
+ lead to huge files.
+
@item eps
for encapsulated PostScript. This dumps every page (system) as a separate
@file{EPS} file, without fonts, and as one collated @file{EPS} file with
This mode is used by default by lilypond-book.
@item svg
- for SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics)
+ for SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics). This dumps every page as a separate
+@file{SVG} file, with embedded fonts.
@cindex SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics)
+ You need a SVG viewer which supports embedded fonts, or a SVG
+ viewer which is able to replace the embedded fonts with OTF fonts.
+ Under Unix, you may use @uref{http://www.inkscape.org,Inkscape}
+ (version 0.42 or later), after copying the OTF fonts in directory
+ @file{PATH/TO/share/lilypond/VERSION/fonts/otf/} to @file{~/.fonts/}.
@item scm
for a dump of the raw, internal Scheme-based drawing commands.
@cindex Scheme dump
@end table
-
+
@cindex output format, setting
+@item -d,--define-default=@var{var}=@var{val}
+This sets the internal program option @var{var} to the Scheme value
+@var{val}. If @var{val} is not supplied, then @var{#t} is used. To
+switch off an option, @code{no-} may be prefixed to @var{var}, e.g.
+
+@cindex point and click, command line
+
+@example
+-dno-point-and-click
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+is the same as
+@example
+-dpoint-and-click='#f'
+@end example
+
+Another notable option is
+
+@example
+-dpaper-size=\"letter\"
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+Note that the string must be enclosed in escaped quotes ( @code{\"} ).
+
+Setting the @code{-dhelp} option will print a summary of the options
+available, and exit.
+
@item -h,--help
Show a summary of usage.
+@item -H,--header=FIELD
+Dump a header field to file BASENAME.FIELD
+
@item --include, -I=@var{directory}
Add @var{directory} to the search path for input files.
@cindex file searching
@item --dvi
Generate DVI files. In this case, the @TeX{} backend should be
-specified, i.e., @code{-f tex}.
+specified, i.e., @code{-b tex}.
@item --png
-Generate pictures of each page, in PNG format. This implies @code{--ps}.
+Generate pictures of each page, in PNG format. This implies
+@code{--ps}. The resolution in DPI of the image may be set with
+@example
+-dresolution=110
+@end example
@item --pdf
Generate PDF. This implies @code{--ps}.
@item -j,--jail=@var{user},@var{group},@var{jail},@var{dir}
-Run LilyPond in a jail.
+Run LilyPond in a chroot jail.
-The @code{--jail} option provides a more flexible alternative to
+The @code{--jail} option provides a more flexible alternative to
@code{--safe} when LilyPond formatting is available through a web
server or whenever LilyPond executes externally provided
sources.
@item Preparing the jail
LilyPond needs to read a number of files while running. All these files
-are to be copied into the jail, under the same path they apper in the
+are to be copied into the jail, under the same path they appear in the
real root filesystem. The entire content of the LilyPond installation
(e.g., @file{/usr/share/lilypond})
should be copied.
-@ignore
-FIXME: fact-check; delete very soon. -gp
-, and the content of the @file{fonts},
-@file{dvips} and @file{web2c} directories of the @TeX{} installation
-(usually under @file{/usr/share/texmf}) should be copied, too. If your
-@TeX{} installation uses @file{ls-R} caches, copy also the cache inside the root
-of the installation.
-@end ignore
-
If problems arise, the simplest way to trace them down is to run
LilyPond using @command{strace}, which will allow you to determine which
files are missing.
@end table
-@section Environment variables
+@subsection Environment variables
-For processing both the @TeX{} and the PostScript output, the
-appropriate environment variables must be set. The following scripts
-do this:
-@itemize @bullet
-@item @file{buildscripts/@/out/@/lilypond@/-profile}
-(for SH shells)
-@item @file{buildscripts/@/out/@/lilypond@/-login} (for C-shells)
-@end itemize
-
-They should normally be sourced as part of the login process. If these
-scripts are not run from the system wide login process, then you must
-run them yourself.
-
-@cindex installing LilyPond
-
-If you use sh, bash, or a similar shell, then add the following to
-your @file{.profile}:
-@example
-. @var{/the/path/to/}lilypond-profile
-@end example
-
-If you use csh, tcsh or a similar shell, then add the following to
-your @file{~/.login}:
-@example
-source @var{/the/path/to/}lilypond-login
-@end example
-
-Of course, in both cases, you should substitute the proper location of
-either script.
-
-These scripts set the following variables:
-@table @code
-@item TEXMF
-To make sure that @TeX{} and lilypond find data files (among
-others @file{.tex}, @file{.mf}, and @file{.tfm}),
-you have to set @code{TEXMF} to point to the lilypond data
-file tree. A typical setting would be
-@example
-@{/usr/share/lilypond/2.4.0,@{!!/usr/share/texmf@}@}
-@end example
-
-@end table
-
-
-@cindex PostScript
-@cindex TEXMF
-@cindex printing postscript
+@cindex LANG
+@cindex LILYPONDPREFIX
-The binary itself recognizes the following environment variables:
+@code{Lilypond} recognizes the following environment variables:
@table @code
@item LILYPONDPREFIX
This specifies a directory where locale messages and
@item LANG
This selects the language for the warning messages.
-@end table
-
-@cindex LANG
-@cindex LILYPONDPREFIX
-
-@node Error messages
-@section Error messages
-@cindex error messages
-Different error messages can appear while compiling a file:
+@item LILYPOND_GC_YIELD
+With this variable the memory footprint and performance can be
+adjusted. It is a percentage tunes memory management behavior. With
+higher values, the program uses more memory, with smaller values, it
+uses more CPU time. The default value is @code{70}.
-@table @emph
-@cindex warning
-
-@item Warning
-Something looks suspect. If you are requesting something out of the
-ordinary then you will understand the message, and can ignore it.
-However, warnings usually indicate that something is wrong with the
-input file.
-
-@item Error
-Something is definitely wrong. The current processing step (parsing,
-interpreting, or formatting) will be finished, but the next step will
-be skipped.
-
-@cindex error
-@cindex fatal error
-@item Fatal error
-Something is definitely wrong, and LilyPond cannot continue. This
-happens rarely. The most usual cause is misinstalled fonts.
-
-@cindex trace, Scheme
-@cindex call trace
-@cindex Scheme error
-@item Scheme error
-Errors that occur while executing Scheme code are caught by the Scheme
-interpreter. If running with the verbose option (@code{-V} or
-@code{--verbose}) then a call trace of the offending
-function call is printed.
-
-@cindex Programming error
-@item Programming error
-There was some internal inconsistency. These error messages are
-intended to help the programmers and debuggers. Usually, they can be
-ignored. Sometimes, they come in such big quantities that they obscure
-other output. In this case, file a bug-report.
-
-@item Aborted (core dumped)
-This signals a serious programming error that caused the program to
-crash. Such errors are considered critical. If you stumble on one,
-send a bug-report.
+@end table
-@end table
+@node Notes for the MacOS X app
+@section Notes for the MacOS X app
-@cindex errors, message format
-If warnings and errors can
-be linked to some part of the input file, then error messages have the
-following form
+The scripts (such as lilypond-book, convert-ly, abc2ly, etc.) are also
+included inside MacOS X .app. They can be run from the command line by
+invoking them directly, e.g.
@example
-@var{filename}:@var{lineno}:@var{columnno}: @var{message}
-@var{offending input line}
+@var{path/to}/LilyPond.app/Contents/Resources/bin/convert-ly
@end example
-A line-break is inserted in the offending line to indicate the column
-where the error was found. For example,
+Alternatively, you may add this directory to your path. Modify (or create)
+a file called @code{.profile} in your home directory such that it contains
@example
-test.ly:2:19: error: not a duration: 5:
- @{ c'4 e'5
- g' @}
+export PATH=$PATH:@var{path/to}/LilyPond.app/Contents/Resources/bin
@end example
-These locations are LilyPond's best guess about where the warning or
-error occured, but (by their very nature) warnings and errors occur
-when something unexpected happens. If you can't see an error in the
-indicated line of your input file, try checking one or two lines
-above the indicated position.
+@noindent
+This file should end with a blank line.
+
+Note that @var{path/to} will generally be @code{/Applications/}.
@node Updating files with convert-ly
@section Updating with @command{convert-ly}
+@cindex Updating a LilyPond file
+@findex convert-ly
+
The LilyPond input syntax is routinely changed to simplify it or improve
it in different ways. As a side effect of this, the LilyPond interpreter
often is no longer compatible with older input files. To remedy this,
the program @command{convert-ly} can be used to deal with most of the
syntax changes between LilyPond versions.
-It uses @code{\version} statements in the input files to detect the old
-version number. In most cases, to upgrade your input file it is sufficient
-to run
+It uses @code{\version} statements in the input files to detect the
+old version number. In most cases, to upgrade your input file it is
+sufficient to run@footnote{MacOS X users may execute this command
+under the menu entry @samp{Compile > Update syntax}.}
@example
convert-ly -e myfile.ly
If there are no changes to myfile.ly and file called myfile.ly.NEW
is created, then myfile.ly is already updated.
+@command{convert-ly} always converts up to the last syntax change handled by
+it. This means that the @code{\version} number left in the file is
+usually lower than the version of @command{convert-ly} itself.
+
To upgrade LilyPond fragments in texinfo files, use
@example
Set the version to convert from. If this is not set, @command{convert-ly}
will guess this, on the basis of @code{\version} strings in the file.
-@item -o,--output=@var{file}
-Set the output file to write.
-
@item -n,--no-version
-Normally, @command{convert-ly} adds a @code{\version} indicator
-to the output. Specifying this option suppresses this.
+Normally, @command{convert-ly} adds a @code{\version} indicator
+to the output. Specifying this option suppresses this.
@item -s, --show-rules
Show all known conversions and exit.
Print usage help.
@end table
-@command{convert-ly} always converts up to the last syntax change handled by
-it. This means that the @code{\version} number left in the file is
-usually lower than the version of @command{convert-ly} itself.
@refbugs
@ignore
Copy and paste from CVS, last updated
-Feb 14, 2005
+Aug 18, 2005
-http://savannah.gnu.org/cgi-bin/viewcvs/*checkout*/lilypond/lily-bugs/bugs/convert-ly.txt?rev=HEAD&content-type=text/plain
+http://savannah.gnu.org/cgi-bin/viewcvs/*checkout*/lilypond/lily-bugs/bugs/
+convert-ly.txt?rev=HEAD&content-type=text/plain
@end ignore
@verbatim
-There are a few things that the convert-ly cannot handle. Here's a list of limitations
+There are a few things that the convert-ly cannot handle. Here's a list of
+limitations
that the community has complained about.
-This bug report structure has been chosen because convert-ly has a structure that doesn't
-allow to smoothly implement all needed changes. Thus this is just a wishlist, placed
+This bug report structure has been chosen because convert-ly has a structure
+that doesn't
+allow to smoothly implement all needed changes. Thus this is just a wishlist,
+placed
here for reference.
1.6->2.0:
- Doesn't always convert figured bass correctly, specifically things like {< >}. Mats' comment on working around this:
+ Doesn't always convert figured bass correctly, specifically things like {<
+>}. Mats' comment on working around this:
To be able to run convert-ly
on it, I first replaced all occurencies of '{<' to some dummy like '{#'
and similarly I replaced '>}' with '&}'. After the conversion, I could
then change back from '{ #' to '{ <' and from '& }' to '> }'.
- Doesn't convert all text markup correctly. Only very simple cases are fixed.
+ Doesn't convert all text markup correctly. In the old markup syntax,
+ it was possible to group a number of markup commands together within
+parentheses, e.g.
+ -#'((bold italic) "string")
+ This will incorrectly be converted into
+ -\markup{{\bold italic} "string"}
+ instead of the correct
+ -\markup{\bold \italic "string"}
2.0->2.2:
Doesn't handle \partcombine
- Doesn't do \addlyrics => \lyricsto, this breaks some scores with multiple stanzas.
+ Doesn't do \addlyrics => \lyricsto, this breaks some scores with multiple
+stanzas.
+2.0->2.4:
+ \magnify isn't changed to \fontsize.
+ - \magnify #m => \fontsize #f, where f = 6ln(m)/ln(2)
+ remove-tag isn't changed.
+ - \applyMusic #(remove-tag '. . .) => \keepWithTag #'. . .
+ first-page-number isn't changed.
+ - first-page-number no => printfirst-page-number = ##f
+ Line breaks in header strings aren't converted.
+ - \\\\ as line break in \header strings => \markup \center-align <
+ "First Line" "Second Line" >
+ Crescendo and decrescendo terminators aren't converted.
+ - \rced => \!
+ - \rc => \!
2.2->2.4:
- \turnOff (used in \set Staff.VoltaBracket = \turnOff) is not properly converted.
+ \turnOff (used in \set Staff.VoltaBracket = \turnOff) is not properly
+converted.
2.4.2->2.5.9
\markup{ \center-align <{ ... }> } should be converted to:
\markup{ \center-align {\line { ... }} }
but now, \line is missing.
+2.4->2.6
+ Special LaTeX characters such as $~$ in text are not converted to UTF8.
+
@end verbatim
If you have input that results in a crash or an erroneous output, then
that is a bug. We try to respond to bug-reports promptly, and fix them as
soon as possible. Help us by sending a defective input file, so we can
-reproduce the problem. Make it small, so we can easily debug the
-problem. Don't forget to tell which version of LilyPond you use! Send
-the report to @email{bug-lilypond@@gnu.org}.
+reproduce the problem. Send the report via:
+
+@example
+@uref{http://post.gmane.org/post.php?group=gmane.comp.gnu.lilypond.bugs}
+@end example
+
+A few tips:
+@itemize @bullet
+
+@item Try to produce a very small input file which demonstrates the problem;
+one or two bars is often sufficient to reproduce a bug. The smaller the
+input file is, the easier it is for us to debug the problem.
+
+@item Don't forget to tell which version of LilyPond you use!
+
+@item If possible, use @code{ragged-right} in your example. This makes sure
+that the bug can be reproduced in all paper sizes.
+@end itemize
+
+@ignore
+@c the bug database is not up to date enough.
When you've found a bug, have a look at our
-@uref{http://@/lilypond@/.org/@/doc/@/v2.3/@/bugs/,bug database} to see if
+@uref{http://@/lilypond@/.org/@/bugs/@/v2.8/@/,bug database} to see if
it has already been reported. You could also try to do a few searches
on the mailing list for the bug. Sometimes the bug will have already
been reported and a fix or workaround is already known.
+@end ignore
Here is an example of a good bug report:
-@example
+@verbatim
It seems that placement of accidentals is broken. In the
following example, the accidental touches the note head.
-Using Mac OSX 10.3.5, fink package lilypond-unstable
+Using Mac OSX 10.3.7, lilypond 2.7.32
-\version "2.3.22"
-\relative c''@{
+\version "2.7.32"
+\layout { ragged-right = ##t }
+\relative c'' {
a4 b cis d
-@}
-@end example
+}
+@end verbatim
@lilypond[quote]
-\version "2.3.22"
+\layout { ragged-right = ##t }
\relative c''{
\override Accidental #'extra-offset = #'(1.0 . 0)
a4 b cis d
}
@end lilypond
+@node Error messages
+@section Error messages
+
+@cindex error messages
+Different error messages can appear while compiling a file:
+
+@table @emph
+@cindex warning
+
+@item Warning
+Something looks suspect. If you are requesting something out of the
+ordinary then you will understand the message, and can ignore it.
+However, warnings usually indicate that something is wrong with the
+input file.
+
+@item Error
+Something is definitely wrong. The current processing step (parsing,
+interpreting, or formatting) will be finished, but the next step will
+be skipped.
+
+@cindex error
+@cindex fatal error
+@item Fatal error
+Something is definitely wrong, and LilyPond cannot continue. This
+happens rarely. The most usual cause is misinstalled fonts.
+
+@cindex trace, Scheme
+@cindex call trace
+@cindex Scheme error
+@item Scheme error
+Errors that occur while executing Scheme code are caught by the Scheme
+interpreter. If running with the verbose option (@code{-V} or
+@code{--verbose}) then a call trace of the offending
+function call is printed.
+
+@cindex Programming error
+@item Programming error
+There was some internal inconsistency. These error messages are
+intended to help the programmers and debuggers. Usually, they can be
+ignored. Sometimes, they come in such big quantities that they obscure
+other output. In this case, file a bug-report.
+
+@item Aborted (core dumped)
+This signals a serious programming error that caused the program to
+crash. Such errors are considered critical. If you stumble on one,
+send a bug-report.
+
+
+@end table
+
+@cindex errors, message format
+If warnings and errors can
+be linked to some part of the input file, then error messages have the
+following form
+
+@example
+@var{filename}:@var{lineno}:@var{columnno}: @var{message}
+@var{offending input line}
+@end example
+
+A line-break is inserted in the offending line to indicate the column
+where the error was found. For example,
+
+@example
+test.ly:2:19: error: not a duration: 5:
+ @{ c'4 e'5
+ g' @}
+@end example
+
+These locations are LilyPond's best guess about where the warning or
+error occurred, but (by their very nature) warnings and errors occur
+when something unexpected happens. If you can't see an error in the
+indicated line of your input file, try checking one or two lines
+above the indicated position.
+
+
@node Editor support
@section Editor support
manuals using Info. If @file{lilypond-mode} is not installed on your
platform, then read the
@ifhtml
-@uref{../../../topdocs/out-www/INSTALL.html,installation instructions}.
+@uref{source/Documentation/topdocs/INSTALL.html,installation instructions}.
@end ifhtml
@ifnothtml
installation instructions.
For @uref{http://@/www@/.vim@/.org,VIM}, a @file{vimrc} is supplied, along
with syntax coloring tools. For more information, refer to the
@ifhtml
-@uref{../../../topdocs/out-www/INSTALL.html,installation instructions}.
+@uref{source/Documentation/topdocs/INSTALL.html,installation instructions}.
@end ifhtml
@ifnothtml
installation instructions.
@item JEdit
-The @uref{http://@/www@/.jedit@/.org/,jEdit} editor has a LilyPond plugin.
+The @uref{http://@/www@/.jedit@/.org@/,jEdit} editor has a LilyPond plugin.
This plugin includes a DVI viewer, integrated help and viewing via
GhostScript. It can be installed by doing @key{Plugins > Plugin
Manager}, and selecting @code{LilyTool} from the @key{Install} tab.
of a symbol in the graphical output. See @ref{Point and click}.
+@node Point and click
+@section Point and click
+@cindex point and click
+
+
+Point and click lets you find notes in the input by clicking on them
+in the PDF viewer. This makes it easier to find input that causes
+some error in the sheet music.
+
+When this functionality is active, LilyPond adds hyperlinks to the PDF
+file. These hyperlinks are sent to the web-browser, which opens a
+text-editor with the cursor in the right place.
+
+To make this chain work, you should configure your PDF viewer to
+follow hyperlinks using the @file{lilypond-invoke-editor} script
+supplied with LilyPond.
+
+For Xpdf on Unix, the following should be present in
+@file{xpdfrc}@footnote{On unix, this file is found either in
+@file{/etc/xpdfrc} or as @file{.xpdfrc} in your home directory.}
+
+@example
+urlCommand "lilypond-invoke-editor %s"
+@end example
+
+The program @file{lilypond-invoke-editor} is a small helper
+program. It will invoke an editor for the special @code{textedit}
+URIs, and run a web browser for others. It tests the environment
+variable @code{EDITOR} for the following patterns,
+
+@table @code
+@item emacs
+ this will invoke
+@example
+emacsclient --no-wait +@var{line}:@var{column} @var{file}
+@end example
+@item vim
+ this will invoke
+@example
+gvim --remote +:@var{line}:norm@var{char} @var{file}
+@end example
+
+@item nedit
+this will invoke
+@example
+ nc -noask +@var{line} @var{file}'
+@end example
+@end table
+
+The environment variable @code{LYEDITOR} is used to override this. It
+contains the command line to start the editor, where @code{%(file)s},
+@code{%(column)s}, @code{%(line)s} is replaced with the file, column
+and line respectively. The setting
+
+@example
+emacsclient --no-wait +%(line)s:%(column)s %(file)s
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+for @code{LYEDITOR} is equivalent to the standard emacsclient
+invocation.
+
+
+@cindex file size, output
+
+The point and click links enlarge the output files significantly. For
+reducing the size of PDF and PS files, point and click may be switched
+off by issuing
+
+@example
+#(ly:set-option 'point-and-click #f)
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+in a @file{.ly} file. Alternately, you may pass this as an command-line
+option
+
+@example
+lilypond -dno-point-and-click file.ly
+@end example
+
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff