Other chords may be entered by suffixing a colon and introducing a
modifier (which may include a number if desired)
+
@lilypond[quote,fragment,verbatim]
\chordmode { e1:m e1:7 e1:m7 }
@end lilypond
+
The first number following the root is taken to be the @q{type} of the
chord, thirds are added to the root until it reaches the specified
-number
+number. The exception is @code{c:13}, for which the 11 is omitted.
+
@lilypond[quote,fragment,verbatim]
-\chordmode { c:3 c:5 c:6 c:7 c:8 c:9 c:10 c:11 }
+\chordmode { c:3 c:5 c:6 c:7 c:8 c:9 c:10 c:11 c:13 }
@end lilypond
@cindex root of chord
More complex chords may also be constructed adding separate steps
to a chord. Additions are added after the number following
the colon and are separated by dots
+
@lilypond[quote,verbatim,fragment]
\chordmode { c:5.6 c:3.7.8 c:3.6.13 }
@end lilypond
+
Chord steps can be altered by suffixing a @code{-} or @code{+} sign
to the number
+
@lilypond[quote,verbatim,fragment]
\chordmode { c:7+ c:5+.3- c:3-.5-.7- }
@end lilypond
+
Removals are specified similarly and are introduced by a caret. They
must come after the additions
+
@lilypond[quote,verbatim,fragment]
\chordmode { c^3 c:7^5 c:9^3.5 }
@end lilypond
@lilypond[ragged-right,verbatim]
\new ChordNames \with {
\override BarLine #'bar-size = #4
- voltaOnThisStaff = ##t
\consists Bar_engraver
\consists "Volta_engraver"
}
\addlyrics { pu- ro~y~ho- nes- to }
@end lilypond
-The lyric ties is implemented with the Unicode character U+203F, so be
+The lyric tie is implemented with the Unicode character U+203F, so be
sure to have a font (Like DejaVuLGC) installed that includes this
glyph.
@cindex automatic syllable durations
@cindex lyrics and melodies
-This will place the lyrics according to the durations that were
-entered. The lyrics can also be aligned under a given melody
-automatically. In this case, it is no longer necessary to enter the
-correct duration for each syllable. This is achieved by combining the
+The lyrics can be aligned under a given melody
+automatically. This is achieved by combining the
melody and the lyrics with the @code{\lyricsto} expression
@example
@node Another way of entering lyrics
@subsubsection Another way of entering lyrics
-For different or more complex orderings, the best way is to setup the
-hierarchy of staves and lyrics first, e.g.,
+Lyrics can also be entered without @code{\addlyrics} or
+@code{\lyricsto}. In this case,
+syllables are entered like notes -- but with pitches replaced by text -- and the
+duration of each syllable must be entered explicitly. For example:
+
@example
-\new ChoirStaff <<
- \new Voice = "soprano" @{ @emph{music} @}
- \new Lyrics = "sopranoLyrics" @{ s1 @}
- \new Lyrics = "tenorLyrics" @{ s1 @}
- \new Voice = "tenor" @{ @emph{music} @}
->>
+play2 the4 game2.
+sink2 or4 swim2.
@end example
-
-and then combine the appropriate melodies and lyric lines
-
+
+The alignment to a melody can be specified with the
+@code{associatedVoice} property,
+
@example
-\context Lyrics = sopranoLyrics \lyricsto "soprano"
- @emph{the lyrics}
+\set associatedVoice = #"lala"
@end example
-
+
@noindent
-The final input would resemble
-
-@example
-<<\new ChoirStaff << @emph{setup the music} >>
- \lyricsto "soprano" @emph{etc}
- \lyricsto "alto" @emph{etc}
- @emph{etc}
->>
-@end example
+The value of the property (here: @code{"lala"}) should be the name of
+a @internalsref{Voice} context. Without this setting, extender lines
+will not be formatted properly.
+
+Here is an example demonstrating manual lyric durations,
+
+@lilypond[relative=1,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,quote]
+<< \new Voice = "melody" {
+ \time 3/4
+ c2 e4 g2.
+ }
+ \new Lyrics \lyricmode {
+ \set associatedVoice = #"melody"
+ play2 the4 game2.
+ } >>
+@end lilypond
@seealso
+
+Program reference: @internalsref{Lyrics}.
-Program reference: @internalsref{LyricCombineMusic},
-@internalsref{Lyrics}.
@node Assigning more than one syllable to a single note
@subsubsection Assigning more than one syllable to a single note
@funindex _
@cindex ties, in lyrics
+In order to assign more than one syllable to a single note, you can
+surround them with quotes or use a @code{_} character, to get spaces
+between syllables, or use tilde symbol (@code{~}) to get a lyric
+tie@footnote{The lyric ties is implemented with the Unicode character
+U+203F, so be
+sure to have a font (Like DejaVuLGC) installed that includes this
+glyph.}.
+
+@lilypond[quote,relative=2,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
+\time 3/4
+\relative { c2 e4 g2 e4 }
+\addlyrics { gran- de_a- mi- go }
+\addlyrics { pu- "ro y ho-" nes- to }
+\addlyrics { pu- ro~y~ho- nes- to }
+@end lilypond
+
+@seealso
+Program reference: @internalsref{LyricCombineMusic}.
@c Here come the section which used to be "Melismata"
@c the new title might be more self-explanatory
@cindex melisma
@cindex melismata
+@cindex phrasing, in lyrics
+
+Sometimes, particularly in Medieval music, several notes are to be sung on one
+single syllable; such vocalises are called melismas, or melismata.
+
+@c this method seems to be the simplest; therefore
+@c it might be better to present it first - vv
+
+You can define melismata entirely in the lyrics, by entering @code{_}
+for every note
+that is part of the melisma.
+
+@lilypond[relative=1,verbatim,fragment,quote]
+{ \set melismaBusyProperties = #'()
+ c d( e) f f( e) e e }
+\addlyrics
+ { Ky -- _ _ ri __ _ _ _ e }
+@end lilypond
+
+In this case, you can also have ties and slurs in the melody if you
+set @code{melismaBusyProperties}, as is done in the example above.
-The @code{\lyricsto} command detects melismata: it only puts one
+However, the @code{\lyricsto} command can also
+detect melismata automatically: it only puts one
syllable under a tied or slurred group of notes. If you want to force
an unslurred group of notes to be a melisma, insert @code{\melisma}
after the first note of the group, and @code{\melismaEnd} after the
beamed, and automatic beaming (see @ref{Setting automatic beam
behavior}) is switched off.
+@c TODO: there might be some more relevant place for
+@c the following link (?)
+
@cindex SATB
@cindex choral score
@cindex melisma
@cindex extender
-Melismata are indicated with a horizontal line centered between a
-syllable and the
-next one. Such a line is called an extender line, and it is entered as
-@samp{__}.
+Melismata are indicated with a horizontal line centered between a syllable
+and the next one. Such a line is called an extender line, and it is entered
+as @samp{ __ } (note the spaces before and after the two underscore
+characters).
@cindex hyphens
-Centered hyphens are entered as @samp{--} between syllables of a same
-word. The hyphen will be centered between the syllables, and its length
-will be adjusted depending on the space between the syllables.
+Centered hyphens are entered as @samp{ -- } between syllables of a same word
+(note the spaces before and after the two hyphen characters). The hyphen
+will be centered between the syllables, and its length will be adjusted
+depending on the space between the syllables.
In tighly engraved music, hyphens can be removed. Whether this
happens can be controlled with the @code{minimum-distance} (minimum
@subsection Working with lyrics and identifiers
@cindex lyrics, identifiers
-Lyrics can also be entered without @code{\lyricsto}. In this case the
-duration of each syllable must be entered explicitly, for example,
-
+To define identifiers containing lyrics, the function @code{\lyricmode}
+must be used. You do not have to enter durations though, if you add
+@code{\addlyrics} or @code{\lyricsto}
+when invoking your identifier.
+
@example
-play2 the4 game2.
-sink2 or4 swim2.
+verseOne = \lyricmode @{ Joy to the world the Lord is come @}
+\score @{
+ <<
+ \new Voice = "one" \relative c'' @{
+ \autoBeamOff
+ \time 2/4
+ c4 b8. a16 g4. f8 e4 d c2
+ @}
+ \addlyrics @{ \verseOne @}
+ >>
+@}
@end example
-
-The alignment to a melody can be specified with the
-@code{associatedVoice} property,
-
+
+For different or more complex orderings, the best way is to setup the
+hierarchy of staves and lyrics first, e.g.,
@example
-\set associatedVoice = #"lala"
+\new ChoirStaff <<
+ \new Voice = "soprano" @{ @emph{music} @}
+ \new Lyrics = "sopranoLyrics" @{ s1 @}
+ \new Lyrics = "tenorLyrics" @{ s1 @}
+ \new Voice = "tenor" @{ @emph{music} @}
+>>
@end example
-
+
+and then combine the appropriate melodies and lyric lines
+
+@example
+\context Lyrics = sopranoLyrics \lyricsto "soprano"
+@emph{the lyrics}
+@end example
+
@noindent
-The value of the property (here: @code{"lala"}) should be the name of
-a @internalsref{Voice} context. Without this setting, extender lines
-will not be formatted properly.
-
-Here is an example demonstrating manual lyric durations,
-
-@lilypond[relative=1,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,quote]
-<< \new Voice = "melody" {
- \time 3/4
- c2 e4 g2.
- }
- \new Lyrics \lyricmode {
- \set associatedVoice = #"melody"
- play2 the4 game2.
- } >>
-@end lilypond
-
+The final input would resemble
+
+@example
+<<\new ChoirStaff << @emph{setup the music} >>
+ \lyricsto "soprano" @emph{etc}
+ \lyricsto "alto" @emph{etc}
+@emph{etc}
+>>
+@end example
+
+@seealso
+
@c TODO: document \new Staff << Voice \lyricsto >> bug
+Program reference: @internalsref{LyricCombineMusic},
+@internalsref{Lyrics}.
+
@node Flexibility in placement
@subsection Flexibility in placement
* Lyrics independent of notes::
@end menu
+
@node Lyrics to multiple notes of a melisma
@subsubsection Lyrics to multiple notes of a melisma
-
One possibility is that the text has a melisma in one stanza, but
multiple syllables in another one. One solution is to make the faster
voice ignore the melisma. This is done by setting
@node More about stanzas
@subsection More about stanzas
-@c what's this doing here?
-@cindex phrasing, in lyrics
-
@cindex stanza number
@subsubsection Adding stanza numbers
Hi, my name is Bert.
} \addlyrics {
\set stanza = "2. "
- Oh, che -- ri, je t'aime
+ Oh, ché -- ri, je t'aime
}
@end lilypond
string selector may easily select the same string to two notes in a
chord.
+In order to handle @code{\partcombine}, a @code{TabStaff} must use
+specially-created voices:
+
+@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
+melodia = \partcombine { e4 g g g }{ e4 e e e }
+<<
+ \new TabStaff <<
+ \new TabVoice = "one" s1
+ \new TabVoice = "two" s1
+ \new TabVoice = "shared" s1
+ \new TabVoice = "solo" s1
+ { \melodia }
+ >>
+>>
+@end lilypond
+
@node Non-guitar tablatures
@subsection Non-guitar tablatures
You can change the tuning of the strings. A string tuning is given as
a Scheme list with one integer number for each string, the number
being the pitch (measured in semitones relative to middle C) of an
-open string. The numbers specified for @code{stringTuning} are the
+open string. The numbers specified for @code{stringTunings} are the
numbers of semitones to subtract or add, starting the specified pitch
by default middle C, in string order. LilyPond automatically calculates
-the number of strings by looking at @code{stringTuning}.
+the number of strings by looking at @code{stringTunings}.
In the next example,
@code{stringTunings} is set for the pitches e, a, d, and g
@seealso
-Internalls: @internalsref{StrokeFinger}
+Program reference: @internalsref{StrokeFinger}
\clef "G_8"
b16 d16 g16 b16 e16
\textSpannerDown
-\override TextSpanner #'bound-details #'left #'text = "XII "
+\override TextSpanner #'bound-details #'left #'text = #"XII "
g16\startTextSpan
b16 e16 g16 e16 b16 g16\stopTextSpan
e16 b16 g16 d16
@end example
@code{bagpipe.ly} also contains pitch definitions for the bagpipe
-notes in the appropiate octaves, so you do not need to worry about
+notes in the appropriate octaves, so you do not need to worry about
@code{\relative} or @code{\transpose}.
@lilypond[ragged-right,verbatim,quote,notime]
@ref{Figured bass}
@end itemize
-Here are all suptopics at a glance:
+Here are all subtopics at a glance:
@menu
* Ancient note heads::
@refbugs
Some articulations are vertically placed too closely to the
-correpsonding note heads.
+corresponding note heads.
The episem line is not displayed in many cases. If it is displayed,
the right end of the episem line is often too far to the right.