A variety of symbols can appear above and below notes to indicate
different characteristics of the performance. All these symbols
can be attached to a note using the syntax
-@var{note}@code{\}@var{name}.
+@var{note}@tie{}@code{\}@var{name}.
+
+@c Add a LilyPond example here soon. -pm
The possible values for @var{name} are listed in @ref{List of
articulations}.
+@cindex marcato
+@cindex stopped
+@cindex tenuto
+@cindex staccatissimo
+@cindex accent
+@cindex staccato
+@cindex portato
+
Some of these articulations have shorthands for easier entry.
Shorthands are appended to the note name, and their syntax
-consists of a dash (@code{-}) followed by a symbol signifying the
-articulation. The available shorthands are:
-
-@itemize
-@item
-@code{-^} (@notation{marcato})
-
-@item
-@code{-+} (@notation{stopped})
-
-@item
-@code{--} (@notation{tenuto})
-
-@item
-@code{-|} (@notation{staccatissimo})
-
-@item
-@code{->} (@notation{accent})
-
-@item
-@code{-.} (@notation{staccato})
-
-@item
-@code{-_} (@notation{portato})
-
-@end itemize
-
-and their corresponding output:
+consists of a dash (@tie{}@code{-}) followed by a symbol
+signifying the articulation. Predefined shorthands exist for
+@notation{marcato}, @notation{stopped}, @notation{tenuto},
+@notation{staccatissimo}, @notation{accent}, @notation{staccato},
+and @notation{portato}. Their corresponding output appears as
+follows:
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
c4-^ c-+ c-- c-|
c-> c-. c-_
@end lilypond
-The marks are automatically placed, but the direction can be
-forced as well. Like other pieces of LilyPond code,
-@code{_}@tie{}will place them below the staff, and@tie{}@code{^}
-will place them above. This applies both to the shorthands and
-the fully named articulations. For the shorthands, the dash
-itself should be omitted; the direction signs replace it:
+The marks are placed automatically by default (either above or
+below the note), but their positions can be manually @q{forced}
+above or below notes as well. For details, see
+@ref{Controlling direction and placement}.
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
-c4^^ c4_^
-c\fermata c^\fermata c_\fermata
-@end lilypond
-
-
-@cindex accent
-@cindex marcato
-@cindex staccatissimo
@cindex espressivo
@cindex fermata
-@cindex stopped
-@cindex staccato
-@cindex portato
-@cindex tenuto
@cindex upbow
@cindex downbow
@cindex foot marks
@cindex varcoda
-@commonprop
+@snippets
+
+@c Send these snippets to Valentin for the LSR.
The shorthands are defined in @file{ly/@/script@/-init@/.ly},
where the variables @code{dashHat}, @code{dashPlus},
@seealso
+Music Glossary: @rglos{marcato}, @rglos{stopped}, @rglos{tenuto},
+@rglos{staccatissimo}, @rglos{accent}, @rglos{staccato},
+@rglos{portato}.
+
Snippets: @lsrdir{Expressive,Expressive-marks}
Internals Reference: @internalsref{Script},
@internalsref{TextScript}.
-@refbugs
+@knownissues
These signs appear in the printed output but have no effect on the
MIDI rendering of the music.
@code{\mf}, @code{\f}, @code{\ff}, @code{\fff}, @code{\ffff},
@code{\fp}, @code{\sf}, @code{\sff}, @code{\sp}, @code{\spp},
@code{\sfz}, and @code{\rfz}. The dynamic marks can be placed
-above or below the staff with@tie{}@code{_} and@tie{}@code{^},
-just like articulation marks.
+above or below the staff: For details, see
+@ref{Controlling direction and placement}.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
c2\ppp c\mp
c_\spp c_\staccato^\ff
@end lilypond
+@cindex hairpin
@funindex \<
@funindex \>
@funindex \!
+@funindex \cr
+@funindex \decr
A @notation{crescendo} mark is started with @code{\<} and
terminated with @code{\!} or an absolute dynamic. A
@notation{decrescendo} is started with @code{\>} and is also
terminated with @code{\!} or an absolute dynamic. @code{\cr} and
@code{\decr} may be used instead of @code{\<} and @code{\>}. They
-can be engraved either using a graphical sign (a @q{hairpin}), or
-with textual signs.
+can be engraved either using a graphical sign (a
+@notation{hairpin}), or with textual signs.
Because these marks are bound to notes, you must use spacer notes
if multiple marks are needed during one note.
@end example
@noindent
-A hairpin normally starts at the left edge of the beginning note
-and ends on the right edge of the ending note. If the ending note
-falls on the downbeat, the hairpin ends on the immediately
-preceding bar line. This may be modified by setting the
-@code{hairpinToBarline} property:
-@cindex hairpin
+A @notation{hairpin} normally starts at the left edge of the
+beginning note and ends on the right edge of the ending note. If
+the ending note falls on the downbeat, the @notation{hairpin} ends
+on the immediately preceding bar line. This may be modified by
+setting the @code{hairpinToBarline} property:
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
e4\< e2. e1\!
@end lilypond
@cindex espressivo, articulation
+
In some situations the @code{\espressivo} articulation mark may be
suitable to indicate a crescendo and decrescendo on the one note:
@cindex crescendo
@cindex decrescendo
@cindex diminuendo
+@funindex \setTextCresc
+@funindex \setTextDim
+@funindex \setTextDecresc
+@funindex \setHairpinCresc
+@funindex \setHairpinDim
+@funindex \setHairpinDecresc
You can use text saying @emph{cresc.}, @emph{decr.}, or
-@emph{dim.} instead of hairpins with the commands \setTextCresc,
-\setTextDim, and \setTextDecresc. The corresponding
-\setHairpinCresc, \setHairpinDim, and \setHairpinDecresc will
-revert to hairpins again:
+@emph{dim.} instead of hairpins with the commands
+@code{\setTextCresc}, @code{\setTextDim}, and
+@code{\setTextDecresc}. The corresponding
+@code{\setHairpinCresc}, @code{\setHairpinDim}, and
+@code{\setHairpinDecresc} will revert to hairpins again:
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
\setTextCresc
@internalsref{DynamicLineSpanner}.
-@refcommands
+@predefined
@funindex \dynamicUp
@code{\dynamicUp},
@code{\dynamicNeutral}.
-@commonprop
+@snippets
Dynamics that occur at, begin on, or end on the same note will be
vertically aligned. If you want to ensure that dynamics are
@cindex slurs
-A slur indicates that notes are to be played bound or
+A @notation{slur} indicates that notes are to be played bound or
@emph{legato}. They are entered using parentheses:
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
Just as with ties, the direction of a slur can be specified with
@code{\slur@emph{DIR}}, where @code{@emph{DIR}} is either
-@code{Up}, @code{Down}, or @code{Neutral} (automatically
-selected). The shorthands are also available: by
-adding@tie{}@code{_} or@tie{}@code{^} before the opening
-parentheses, the direction is also set.
+@code{Up}, @code{Down}, or @code{Neutral} (@code{Neutral} is the
+default). The shorthands are also available: For details, see
+@ref{Controlling direction and placement}.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
c4_( c) c^( c)
@end lilypond
-Only one slur can be printed at once. If you need to print a long
-slur over a few small slurs, please see @ref{Phrasing slurs}.
+Using this method, only one slur can be printed at once. To print
+a long slur over a few small slurs, see @ref{Phrasing slurs}.
-@refcommands
+@predefined
@funindex \slurUp
@code{\slurUp},
@code{\slurSolid}.
-@commonprop
+@snippets
Some composers write two slurs when they want legato chords. This
can be achieved in LilyPond by setting @code{doubleSlurs},
@seealso
+Music Glossary: @rglos{slur}
+
Snippets: @lsrdir{Expressive,Expressive-marks}
Internals Reference: @internalsref{Slur}.
@cindex phrasing slurs
@cindex phrasing marks
+@funindex \(
+@funindex \)
A phrasing slur (or phrasing mark) connects notes and is used to
indicate a musical sentence. It is written using @code{\(} and
normal slur. However, they are treated as different objects. A
@code{\slurUp} will have no effect on a phrasing slur; instead,
use @code{\phrasingSlurUp}, @code{\phrasingSlurDown}, and
-@code{\phrasingSlurNeutral}, or use the shorthands@tie{}@code{_}
-and@tie{}@code{^}.
+@code{\phrasingSlurNeutral}. The shorthands work for phrasing
+slurs as well: For details, see @ref{Controlling direction and placement}.
You cannot have simultaneous phrasing slurs.
-@refcommands
+@predefined
@funindex \phrasingSlurUp
@code{\phrasingSlurUp},
Snippets: @lsrdir{Expressive,Expressive-marks}
-Internals Reference: @internalsref{PhrasingSlur}.
+Internals Reference: @internalsref{PhrasingSlur}
@node Breath marks
@subsubsection Breath marks
+@cindex breath marks
+@funindex \breathe
+
Breath marks are entered using @code{\breathe}:
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=1]
@end lilypond
-@commonprop
+@snippets
The glyph of the breath mark can be tuned by overriding the
@code{text} property of the @code{BreathingSign} layout object
@seealso
-Snippets: @lsrdir{Expressive,Expressive-marks},
+Snippets: @lsrdir{Expressive,Expressive-marks}
@c @lsr{expressive,breathing-sign.ly}.
-Internals Reference: @internalsref{BreathingSign}.
+Internals Reference: @internalsref{BreathingSign}
@node Falls and doits
@subsubsection Falls and doits
-Falls and doits can be added to notes using the @code{\bendAfter}
-command,
+@cindex falls
+@cindex doits
+@funindex \bendAfter
+
+@notation{Falls} and @notation{doits} can be added to notes using
+the @code{\bendAfter} command,
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
\override Score.SpacingSpanner #'shortest-duration-space = #3.0
c4-\bendAfter #-3
@end lilypond
+
+@seealso
+
+Music Glossary: @rglos{falls}, @rglos{doits}.
+
+Snippets: @lsrdir{Expressive,Expressive-marks}
+
+
@node Lines
@subsection Lines
@cindex glissando
@funindex \glissando
-A glissando is a smooth change in pitch. It is denoted by a line
-or a wavy line between two notes. It is requested by attaching
-@code{\glissando} to a note:
+A @notation{glissando} is a smooth change in pitch. It is denoted
+by a line or a wavy line between two notes. A
+@notation{glissando} is created by attaching @code{\glissando} to
+a note:
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
c2\glissando c'
c2\glissando c,
@end lilypond
-@commonprop
+@snippets
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
I = \once \override NoteColumn #'ignore-collision = ##t
@end lilypond
-
@seealso
-Music Glossary: @rglos{falls}, @rglos{doits}.
+Music Glossary: @rglos{glissando}
-Snippets: @lsrdir{Expressive,Expressive-marks}.
+Snippets: @lsrdir{Expressive,Expressive-marks}
@c FIXME: I need to figure out what's up with these. -gp
@c @lsr{expressive,glissando.ly},
@c @lsr{expressive,line-styles.ly}
-Internals Reference: @internalsref{Glissando}.
+Internals Reference: @internalsref{Glissando}
-@refbugs
+@knownissues
Printing text over the line (such as @emph{gliss.}) is not
supported.
@cindex broken chord
@funindex \arpeggio
-You can specify an arpeggio sign (also known as broken chord) on a
-chord by attaching an @code{\arpeggio} to the chord:
+You can specify an @notation{arpeggio} (also known as a
+@notation{broken chord}) on a chord by attaching an
+@code{\arpeggio} to the chord:
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=1]
<c e g c>\arpeggio
@end lilypond
-A square bracket on the left is used to indicate that the chord
-should @emph{not} be arpeggiated:
+A square bracket on the left, denoted by @code{\arpeggioBracket},
+is used to indicate that the chord should @emph{not} be
+arpeggiated:
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=1]
\arpeggioBracket
@end lilypond
-@refcommands
+@predefined
-@code{\arpeggio},
@funindex \arpeggioUp
@code{\arpeggioUp},
@funindex \arpeggioDown
@code{\arpeggioBracket}.
-@commonprop
+@snippets
In a @code{PianoStaff}, it is possible to let an arpeggio cross
between the staves by setting the property
@seealso
+Music Glossary: @rglos{arpeggio}, @rglos{broken chord}.
+
Notation Reference: @ref{Ties}, for writing out arpeggios.
Snippets: @lsrdir{Expressive,Expressive-marks}
@internalsref{PianoStaff}.
-@refbugs
+@knownissues
It is not possible to mix connected arpeggios and unconnected
arpeggios in one @code{PianoStaff} at the same point in
@node Trills
@subsubsection Trills
-Short trills are printed with @code{\trill} like normal
+@cindex trills
+@funindex \trill
+
+Short @notation{trills} are printed with @code{\trill} like normal
articulation; see @ref{Articulations and ornamentations}.
Long running trills are made with @code{\startTrillSpan} and
@cindex pitched trills
Trills that should be executed on an explicitly specified pitch
-can be typeset with the command @code{pitchedTrill}, and the
-syntax @code{\pitchedTrill} @var{mainnote}@code{\startTrillSpan}
+can be typeset with the command @code{\pitchedTrill}, and the
+syntax @code{\pitchedTrill} @var{mainnote} @code{\startTrillSpan}
@var{trillnote} @var{endnote} @code{\stopTrillSpan}.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=1]
printed as a stemless note head in parentheses.
-@refcommands
+@predefined
@code{\startTrillSpan},
@funindex \startTrillSpan
@seealso
+Music Glossary: @rglos{trill}
+
Snippets: @lsrdir{Expressive,Expressive-marks}
-Internals Reference: @internalsref{TrillSpanner}.
+Internals Reference: @internalsref{TrillSpanner}
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