version that you are working on. See TRANSLATION for details.
@end ignore
+@c \version "2.11.38"
+
@node Expressive marks
@section Expressive marks
-@lilypondfile[quote,ragged-right,line-width=16\cm,staffsize=16]
-{expressive-headword.ly}
+@lilypondfile[quote]{expressive-headword.ly}
@menu
* Attached to notes::
@node Attached to notes
@subsection Attached to notes
-
@menu
* Articulations and ornamentations::
* Dynamics::
+* New dynamic marks::
@end menu
@node Articulations and ornamentations
@cindex scripts
@cindex ornaments
-A variety of symbols can appear above and below notes to indicate
-different characteristics of the performance. All these symbols
-can be attached to a note using the syntax
-@var{note}@tie{}@code{\}@var{name}.
+A variety of symbols that denote articulations, ornamentations,
+and other performance indications can be attached to a note using
+this syntax:
-@c Add a LilyPond example here soon. -pm
+@example
+@var{note}\@var{name}
+@end example
The possible values for @var{name} are listed in @ref{List of
-articulations}.
+articulations}. For example:
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
+c4\staccato c\mordent b2\turn
+c1\fermata
+@end lilypond
@cindex marcato
@cindex stopped
c-> c-. c-_
@end lilypond
-The marks are placed automatically by default (either above or
-below the note), but their positions can be manually @q{forced}
-above or below notes as well. For details, see
+The rules for the default placement of articulations are defined
+in @file{scm/@/script@/.scm}. Articulations and ornamentations
+may be manually placed above or below the staff, see
@ref{Controlling direction and placement}.
@cindex espressivo
@seealso
-Music Glossary: @rglos{marcato}, @rglos{stopped}, @rglos{tenuto},
-@rglos{staccatissimo}, @rglos{accent}, @rglos{staccato},
+Music Glossary: @rglos{tenuto}, @rglos{accent}, @rglos{staccato},
@rglos{portato}.
Snippets: @lsrdir{Expressive,Expressive-marks}
@code{\pppp}, @code{\ppp}, @code{\pp}, @code{\p}, @code{\mp},
@code{\mf}, @code{\f}, @code{\ff}, @code{\fff}, @code{\ffff},
@code{\fp}, @code{\sf}, @code{\sff}, @code{\sp}, @code{\spp},
-@code{\sfz}, and @code{\rfz}. The dynamic marks can be placed
-above or below the staff: For details, see
-@ref{Controlling direction and placement}.
+@code{\sfz}, and @code{\rfz}. The dynamic marks may be manually
+placed above or below the staff, see @ref{Controlling direction
+and placement}.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
c2\ppp c\mp
<< f1 { s4 s4\< s4\! \> s4\! } >>
@end lilypond
-This may give rise to very short hairpins. To lengthen them, use
-for example @code{minimum-length} in
-@internalsref{Voice}.@internalsref{Hairpin}:
+This may give rise to very short hairpins. To lengthen them, the
+following code can be used, for example:
@example
\override Voice.Hairpin #'minimum-length = #5
A @notation{hairpin} normally starts at the left edge of the
beginning note and ends on the right edge of the ending note. If
the ending note falls on the downbeat, the @notation{hairpin} ends
-on the immediately preceding bar line. This may be modified by
-setting the @code{hairpinToBarline} property:
+on the immediately preceding bar line. The following example
+illustrates this behavior:
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
e4\< e2. e1\!
@cindex al niente
@cindex niente, al
-Hairpins may be printed with a circled tip (al niente notation) by
-setting the @code{circled-tip} property:
+Hairpins may be printed with a circled tip (al niente notation):
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
\override Hairpin #'circled-tip = ##t
@funindex \setHairpinDim
@funindex \setHairpinDecresc
-You can use text saying @emph{cresc.}, @emph{decr.}, or
-@emph{dim.} instead of hairpins with the commands
+You can use text saying @notation{cresc.}, @notation{decr.}, or
+@notation{dim.} instead of hairpins with the commands
@code{\setTextCresc}, @code{\setTextDim}, and
@code{\setTextDecresc}. The corresponding
@code{\setHairpinCresc}, @code{\setHairpinDim}, and
You may also use this property if the dynamics are colliding with
other notation.
-Crescendi and decrescendi that cross a line break will be
-continued on the second line. If they end on the first note of a
-new line, nothing will be printed on that line. To change this
-behavior, use
+@notation{Crescendi} and @notation{decrescendi} that cross a line
+break will be continued on the second line. If they end on the
+first note of a new line, nothing will be printed on that line.
+To change this behavior, use
@example
\override Score.Hairpin #'after-line-breaking = ##t
@end example
-Text style dynamic changes (such as @emph{cresc.} and @emph{dim.})
-are printed with a dashed line showing their extent. To surpress
-printing this line, use
+Text style dynamic changes (such as @notation{cresc.} and
+@notation{dim.}) are printed with a dashed line showing their
+extent. To suppress printing this line, use
@example
\override DynamicTextSpanner #'dash-period = #-1.0
@seealso
-Music Glossary: @rglos{hairpin}, @rglos{crescendo},
-@rglos{decrescendo}.
+@c TODO: Add hairpin to glossary.
+
+Music Glossary: @rglos{crescendo}, @rglos{decrescendo}.
Learning Manual: @rlearning{Articulation and dynamics}.
handled by @internalsref{DynamicLineSpanner}.
+@node New dynamic marks
+@subsubsection New dynamic marks
+
+It is possible to print new dynamic marks or text that should be
+aligned with dynamics. Use @code{make-dynamic-script} to create
+these marks. Note that the dynamic font only contains the
+characters @code{f,m,p,r,s} and @code{z}.
+
+Some situations (such as dynamic marks) have preset font-related
+properties. If you are creating text in such situations, it is
+advisable to cancel those properties with @code{normal-text}. See
+@ref{Text markup commands}, for more details.
+
+@cindex make-dynamic-script
+
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
+sfzp = #(make-dynamic-script "sfzp")
+\relative c' {
+ c4 c c\sfzp c
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+@cindex Dynamics, editorial
+@cindex Dynamics, parenthesis
+
+It is also possible to print dynamics in round parenthesis or
+square brackets. These are often used for adding editorial
+dynamics.
+
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
+rndf = \markup{ \center-align {\line { \bold{\italic (}
+ \dynamic f \bold{\italic )} }} }
+boxf = \markup{ \bracket { \dynamic f } }
+{ c'1_\rndf c'1_\boxf }
+@end lilypond
+
+@seealso
+
+Snippets: @lsrdir{Expressive,Expressive-marks}
+
+
@node Curves
@subsection Curves
Just as with ties, the direction of a slur can be specified with
@code{\slur@emph{DIR}}, where @code{@emph{DIR}} is either
@code{Up}, @code{Down}, or @code{Neutral} (@code{Neutral} is the
-default). The shorthands are also available: For details, see
-@ref{Controlling direction and placement}.
+default). Slurs may be manually placed above or below the staff,
+see @ref{Controlling direction and placement}.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
c4_( c) c^( c)
normal slur. However, they are treated as different objects. A
@code{\slurUp} will have no effect on a phrasing slur; instead,
use @code{\phrasingSlurUp}, @code{\phrasingSlurDown}, and
-@code{\phrasingSlurNeutral}. The shorthands work for phrasing
-slurs as well: For details, see @ref{Controlling direction and placement}.
+@code{\phrasingSlurNeutral}. Phrasing slurs may be manually
+placed above or below the staff, see @ref{Controlling direction
+and placement}.
You cannot have simultaneous phrasing slurs.
d4
@end lilypond
+
@seealso
Snippets: @lsrdir{Expressive,Expressive-marks}
@funindex \bendAfter
@notation{Falls} and @notation{doits} can be added to notes using
-the @code{\bendAfter} command,
+the @code{\bendAfter} command:
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
+c2-\bendAfter #+4
+c-\bendAfter #-4
+c-\bendAfter #+8
+c-\bendAfter #-8
+@end lilypond
+
+The dash (@tie{-}) following the note name is @emph{required} when
+writing @notation{falls} and @notation{doits}.
+
+
+@snippets
+
+The @code{shortest-duration-space} property may have to be tweaked
+to adjust the shape of @notation{falls} and @notation{doits}.
+
+@c Fix this snippet. The tweak does not work. -pm
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
\override Score.SpacingSpanner #'shortest-duration-space = #3.0
@seealso
-Music Glossary: @rglos{falls}, @rglos{doits}.
+@c TODO: add falls and doits to glossary.
+@c Music Glossary: @rglos{falls}, @rglos{doits}.
Snippets: @lsrdir{Expressive,Expressive-marks}
@cindex arpeggio
@cindex broken chord
-@funindex \arpeggio
You can specify an @notation{arpeggio} (also known as a
@notation{broken chord}) on a chord by attaching an
@predefined
+@funindex \arpeggio
+@code{\arpeggio},
@funindex \arpeggioUp
@code{\arpeggioUp},
@funindex \arpeggioDown
@seealso
-Music Glossary: @rglos{arpeggio}, @rglos{broken chord}.
+@c TODO: Add 'broken chord' to glossary.
+
+Music Glossary: @rglos{arpeggio}
Notation Reference: @ref{Ties}, for writing out arpeggios.
Short @notation{trills} are printed with @code{\trill} like normal
articulation; see @ref{Articulations and ornamentations}.
-Long running trills are made with @code{\startTrillSpan} and
-@code{\stopTrillSpan}. In the following example, it is shown in
-the common combination with grace notes. If a more precise
-control of the placement of the grace notes is needed, see
-@ref{Grace notes}.
+Long running @notation{trills} are made with
+@code{\startTrillSpan} and @code{\stopTrillSpan}. In the
+following example, a long running @notation{trill} is shown
+combined with grace notes. To achieve precise control of the
+placement of the grace notes, see @ref{Grace notes}.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
c1 \afterGrace
@cindex pitched trills
-Trills that should be executed on an explicitly specified pitch
-can be typeset with the command @code{\pitchedTrill}, and the
-syntax @code{\pitchedTrill} @var{mainnote} @code{\startTrillSpan}
-@var{trillnote} @var{endnote} @code{\stopTrillSpan}.
+@notation{Trills} that should be executed on an explicitly
+specified pitch can be typeset with the command
+@code{\pitchedTrill} using the following syntax:
+
+@example
+@code{\pitchedTrill} @var{mainnote} @code{\startTrillSpan}
+@var{trillnote} @var{endnote} @code{\stopTrillSpan}
+@end example
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=1]
\pitchedTrill e2 \startTrillSpan fis
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