version that you are working on. See TRANSLATION for details.
@end ignore
-@c \version "2.11.57"
+@c \version "2.12.0"
@node Expressive marks
@section Expressive marks
created in a score.
@menu
-* Attached to notes::
-* Curves::
-* Lines::
+* Attached to notes::
+* Curves::
+* Lines::
@end menu
Methods to create new dynamic markings are also discussed.
@menu
-* Articulations and ornamentations::
-* Dynamics::
-* New dynamic marks::
+* Articulations and ornamentations::
+* Dynamics::
+* New dynamic marks::
@end menu
@node Articulations and ornamentations
@unnumberedsubsubsec Articulations and ornamentations
@cindex articulations
+@cindex ornamentation
@cindex scripts
@cindex ornaments
@cindex espressivo
@cindex downbow
@cindex foot marks
@cindex organ pedal marks
+@cindex pedal marks, organ
@cindex turn
@cindex open
@cindex stopped
@cindex coda
@cindex varcoda
+@funindex -
+
A variety of symbols that denote articulations, ornamentations,
and other performance indications can be attached to a note using
this syntax:
@end lilypond
@cindex marcato
-@cindex stopped
@cindex tenuto
@cindex staccatissimo
@cindex accent
The rules for the default placement of articulations are defined
in @file{scm/@/script@/.scm}. Articulations and ornamentations
-may be manually placed above or below the staff, see
+may be manually placed above or below the staff; see
@ref{Direction and placement}.
@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
{controlling-the-vertical-ordering-of-scripts.ly}
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+{creating-a-delayed-turn.ly}
@seealso
-
Music Glossary:
@rglos{tenuto},
@rglos{accent},
Notation Reference:
@ref{Direction and placement},
-@ref{List of articulations}.
+@ref{List of articulations},
+@ref{Trills}.
Installed Files:
@file{scm/@/script@/.scm}.
@cindex absolute dynamics
@cindex dynamics
@cindex dynamics, absolute
+
@funindex \ppppp
@funindex ppppp
@funindex \pppp
@code{\ppppp}, @code{\pppp}, @code{\ppp}, @code{\pp}, @code{\p},
@code{\mp}, @code{\mf}, @code{\f}, @code{\ff}, @code{\fff},
@code{\ffff}, @code{\fp}, @code{\sf}, @code{\sff}, @code{\sp},
-@code{\spp}, @code{\sfz}, and @code{\rfz}. The dynamic marks may
-be manually placed above or below the staff, see
-@ref{Direction and placement}.
+@code{\spp}, @code{\sfz}, and @code{\rfz}. Dynamic marks may be
+manually placed above or below the staff; see @ref{Direction and
+placement}.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
c2\ppp c\mp
@cindex hairpin
@cindex crescendo
@cindex decrescendo
+@cindex diminuendo
+
@funindex \<
@funindex \>
@funindex \!
@funindex \cr
+@funindex cr
@funindex \decr
+@funindex decr
A @notation{crescendo} mark is started with @code{\<} and
terminated with @code{\!}, an absolute dynamic, or an additional
@end lilypond
@cindex espressivo articulation
+
@funindex \espressivo
@funindex espressivo
g1\espressivo
@end lilypond
-@cindex crescendo
-@cindex decrescendo
-@cindex diminuendo
+
@funindex \crescTextCresc
@funindex crescTextCresc
@funindex \dimTextDecresc
@cindex dynamics, vertical positioning
@cindex vertical positioning of dynamics
+
@funindex DynamicLineSpanner
+
Vertical positioning of dynamics is handled by
@rinternals{DynamicLineSpanner}.
-
-
-@predefined
-
@funindex \dynamicUp
@funindex dynamicUp
-@code{\dynamicUp},
@funindex \dynamicDown
@funindex dynamicDown
-@code{\dynamicDown},
@funindex \dynamicNeutral
@funindex dynamicNeutral
+
+
+@predefined
+@code{\dynamicUp},
+@code{\dynamicDown},
@code{\dynamicNeutral},
-@funindex \crescTextCresc
-@funindex crescTextCresc
@code{\crescTextCresc},
-@funindex \dimTextDim
-@funindex dimTextDim
@code{\dimTextDim},
-@funindex \dimTextDecr
-@funindex dimTextDecr
@code{\dimTextDecr},
-@funindex \dimTextDecresc
-@funindex dimTextDecresc
@code{\dimTextDecresc},
-@funindex \crescHairpin
-@funindex crescHairpin
@code{\crescHairpin},
-@funindex \dimHairpin
-@funindex dimHairpin
@code{\dimHairpin}.
+@endpredefined
@snippets
@seealso
-
-@c TODO: Add hairpin to glossary.
-
Music Glossary:
+@rglos{al niente},
@rglos{crescendo},
-@rglos{decrescendo}.
+@rglos{decrescendo},
+@rglos{hairpin}.
Learning Manual:
@rlearning{Articulation and dynamics}.
@funindex make-dynamic-script
Simple, centered dynamic marks are easily created with the
-@code{make-dynamic-script} function. The dynamic font only
-contains the characters @code{f,m,p,r,s} and @code{z}.
+@code{make-dynamic-script} function.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
sfzp = #(make-dynamic-script "sfzp")
}
@end lilypond
-In general, @code{make-dynamic-script} takes any markup object as
-its argument. In the following example, using
-@code{make-dynamic-script} ensures the vertical alignment of
-markup objects and hairpins that are attached to the same note
-head.
+In general, @code{make-dynamic-script} takes any markup object as its
+argument. The dynamic font only contains the characters
+@code{f,m,p,r,s} and @code{z}, so if a dynamic mark that includes
+plain text or punctuation symbols is desired, markup commands that
+reverts font family and font encoding to normal text should be used,
+for example @code{\normal-text}. The interest of using
+@code{make-dynamic-script} instead of an ordinary markup is ensuring
+the vertical alignment of markup objects and hairpins that are
+attached to the same note head.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
roundF = \markup { \center-align \concat {
\dynamic f
\normal-text { \bold { \italic ) } } } }
boxF = \markup { \bracket { \dynamic f } }
+mfEspress = \markup { \center-align \line {
+ \hspace #3.7 mf \normal-text \italic espress. } }
roundFdynamic = #(make-dynamic-script roundF)
boxFdynamic = #(make-dynamic-script boxF)
+mfEspressDynamic = #(make-dynamic-script mfEspress)
\relative c' {
c4_\roundFdynamic\< d e f
- g,1_\boxFdynamic
+ g,1~_\boxFdynamic\>
+ g
+ g'~\mfEspressDynamic
+ g
}
@end lilypond
@seealso
-
Notation Reference:
@ref{Formatting text},
@ref{Selecting font and font size},
doits.
@menu
-* Slurs::
-* Phrasing slurs::
-* Breath marks::
-* Falls and doits::
+* Slurs::
+* Phrasing slurs::
+* Breath marks::
+* Falls and doits::
@end menu
@node Slurs
@funindex \slurNeutral
@funindex slurNeutral
-Slurs may be manually placed above or below the notes, see
+Slurs may be manually placed above or below the staff; see
@ref{Direction and placement}.
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-c2( d)
-\slurDown
-c2( d)
-\slurNeutral
-c2( d)
-@end lilypond
-
@cindex phrasing slur
@cindex multiple slurs
@cindex simultaneous slurs
@cindex slurs, multiple
@cindex slurs, simultaneous
-Phrasing slurs must be used to print more than one slur at once.
-For details, see @ref{Phrasing slurs}.
+Simultaneous or overlapping slurs are not permitted, but a phrasing
+slur can overlap a slur. This permits two slurs to be printed at
+once. For details, see @ref{Phrasing slurs}.
@cindex slur style
@cindex slur, solid
@cindex solid slur
@cindex dotted slur
@cindex dashed slur
-@cindex sytle, slur
+@cindex style, slur
@funindex \slurDashed
@funindex slurDashed
@funindex \slurDotted
g4( e c2)
@end lilypond
+@funindex \slurHalfDashed
+@funindex slurHalfDashed
+@funindex \slurHalfSolid
+@funindex slurHalfSolid
+@cindex slur, half dashed and half solid
+
+Slurs can also be made half-dashed (the first half dashed, the
+second half solid) or half-solid (the first half solid, the second
+half dashed):
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
+c4( e g2)
+\slurHalfDashed
+g4( e c2)
+\slurHalfSolid
+c4( e g2)
+\slurSolid
+g4( e c2)
+@end lilypond
+
+@funindex \slurDashPattern
+@funindex slurDashPattern
+@cindex slur, defining dash patterns
+
+Custom dash patterns for slurs can be defined:
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
+c4( e g2)
+\slurDashPattern #0.7 #0.75
+g4( e c2)
+\slurDashPattern #0.5 #2.0
+c4( e g2)
+\slurSolid
+g4( e c2)
+@end lilypond
+
-@predefined
@funindex \slurUp
+@funindex slurUp
+
+
+@predefined
@code{\slurUp},
-@funindex \slurDown
@code{\slurDown},
-@funindex \slurNeutral
@code{\slurNeutral},
-@funindex \slurDashed
@code{\slurDashed},
-@funindex \slurDotted
@code{\slurDotted},
-@funindex \slurSolid
+@code{\slurHalfDashed},
+@code{\slurHalfSolid},
+@code{\slurDashPattern},
@code{\slurSolid}.
+@endpredefined
@snippets
@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
{using-double-slurs-for-legato-chords.ly}
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+{positioning-text-markups-inside-slurs.ly}
-@seealso
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+{making-slurs-with-complex-dash-structure.ly}
+@seealso
Music Glossary:
@rglos{slur}.
Typographically, a phrasing slur behaves almost exactly like a
normal slur. However, they are treated as different objects; a
@code{\slurUp} will have no effect on a phrasing slur. Phrasing
-slurs may be manually placed above or below the notes, see
+may be manually placed above or below the staff; see
@ref{Direction and placement}.
+@cindex simultaneous phrasing slurs
+@cindex multiple phrasing slurs
+@cindex slur, simultaneous phrasing
+@cindex slur, multiple phrasing
+@cindex phrasing slur, simultaneous
+@cindex phrasing slur, multiple
+
+Simultaneous or overlapping phrasing slurs are not permitted.
+
+@funindex phrasingSlurDashed
+@funindex \phrasingSlurDashed
+@funindex \phrasingSlurDotted
+@funindex phrasingSlurDotted
+@funindex \phrasingSlurSolid
+@funindex phrasingSlurSolid
+@cindex phrasing slur, dashed
+@cindex dashed phrasing slur
+@cindex phrasing slur, dotted
+@cindex dotted phrasing slurs
+@cindex slur, dashed phrasing
+@cindex slur, dotted phrasing
+
+Phrasing slurs can be solid, dotted, or dashed. Solid is the default
+style for phrasing slurs:
+
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
-c4\( g' c,( b) | c1\)
-\phrasingSlurUp
-c4\( g' c,( b) | c1\)
+c4\( e g2\)
+\phrasingSlurDashed
+g4\( e c2\)
+\phrasingSlurDotted
+c4\( e g2\)
+\phrasingSlurSolid
+g4\( e c2\)
@end lilypond
-@cindex simultaneous phrasing slurs
-@cindex multiple phrasing slurs
-@cindex slurs, simultaneous phrasing
-@cindex slurs, multiple phrasing
-@cindex phrasing slurs, simultaneous
-@cindex phrasing slurs, multiple
+@funindex phrasingSlurHalfDashed
+@funindex \phrasingSlurHalfDashed
+@funindex \phrasingSlurHalfSolid
+@funindex phrasingSlurHalfSolid
+@cindex phrasing slur, half solid and half dashed
+@cindex slur, half solid and half dashed phrasing
-Simultaneous phrasing slurs are not permitted.
+Phrasing slurs can also be made half-dashed (the first half dashed, the
+second half solid) or half-solid (the first half solid, the second
+half dashed):
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
+c4\( e g2\)
+\phrasingSlurHalfDashed
+g4\( e c2\)
+\phrasingSlurHalfSolid
+c4\( e g2\)
+\phrasingSlurSolid
+g4\( e c2\)
+@end lilypond
-@predefined
+@funindex \phrasingSlurDashPattern
+@funindex phrasingSlurDashPattern
+@cindex phrasing slur, defining dash patterns
+@cindex slur, phrasing, defining dash patterns
+@cindex slur, definind dash patterns for phrasing
+
+Custom dash patterns for phrasing slurs can be defined:
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
+c4\( e g2\)
+\phrasingSlurDashPattern #0.7 #0.75
+g4\( e c2\)
+\phrasingSlurDashPattern #0.5 #2.0
+c4\( e g2\)
+\phrasingSlurSolid
+g4\( e c2\)
+@end lilypond
+Dash pattern definitions for phrasing slurs have the same structure
+as dash pattern definitions for slurs. For more information about
+complex dash patterns, see the snippets under @ref{Slurs}.
+
+@predefined
@code{\phrasingSlurUp},
@code{\phrasingSlurDown},
-@code{\phrasingSlurNeutral}.
+@code{\phrasingSlurNeutral},
+@code{\phrasingSlurDashed},
+@code{\phrasingSlurDotted},
+@code{\phrasingSlurHalfDashed},
+@code{\phrasingSlurHalfSolid},
+@code{\phrasingSlurDashPattern},
+@code{\phrasingSlurSolid}.
+@endpredefined
@seealso
-
Learning Manual:
@rlearning{On the un-nestedness of brackets and ties}.
Notation Reference:
-@ref{Direction and placement}.
+@ref{Direction and placement},
+@ref{Slurs}.
Snippets:
@rlsr{Expressive marks}.
@unnumberedsubsubsec Breath marks
@cindex breath marks
+@cindex pause mark
@funindex \breathe
@funindex breathe
@seealso
+Music Glossary:
+@rglos{caesura}.
Notation Reference:
@ref{Divisiones}.
Snippets:
@rlsr{Expressive marks}.
-@c @lsr{expressive,breathing-sign.ly}.
Internals Reference:
@rinternals{BreathingSign}.
@seealso
-
-@c TODO: add falls and doits to glossary.
-@c Music Glossary:
-@c @rglos{falls},
-@c @rglos{doits}.
+Music Glossary:
+@rglos{fall},
+@rglos{doit}.
Snippets:
@rlsr{Expressive marks}.
follow a linear path: glissandos, arpeggios, and trills.
@menu
-* Glissando::
-* Arpeggio::
-* Trills::
+* Glissando::
+* Arpeggio::
+* Trills::
@end menu
@node Glissando
@seealso
-
Music Glossary:
@rglos{glissando}.
Snippets:
@rlsr{Expressive marks}.
-@c FIXME: I need to figure out what's up with these. -gp
-@c @lsr{expressive,glissando.ly},
-@c @lsr{expressive,line-styles.ly}
-
Internals Reference:
@rinternals{Glissando}.
@knownissues
-Printing text over the line (such as @emph{gliss.}) is not
+Printing text over the line (such as @notation{gliss.}) is not
supported.
@cindex arpeggio
@cindex broken chord
@cindex chord, broken
+
@funindex \arpeggio
@funindex arpeggio
@funindex \arpeggioArrowUp
@cindex arpeggio symbols, special
@cindex special arpeggio symbols
+
@funindex \arpeggioBracket
@funindex arpeggioBracket
@funindex \arpeggioParenthesis
@funindex arpeggioParenthesis
+@funindex \arpeggioParenthesisDashed
+@funindex arpeggioParenthesisDashed
Special @emph{bracketed} arpeggio symbols can be created:
<c e g c>2\arpeggio
\arpeggioParenthesis
<c e g c>2\arpeggio
+\arpeggioParenthesisDashed
+<c e g c>2\arpeggio
\arpeggioNormal
<c e g c>2\arpeggio
@end lilypond
+The dash properties of the parenthesis arpeggio are controlled
+with the @code{'dash-details} property, which is described at @ref{Slurs}.
+
Arpeggios can be explicitly written out with ties. For more
information, see @ref{Ties}.
-@predefined
+@predefined
@code{\arpeggio},
@code{\arpeggioArrowUp},
@code{\arpeggioArrowDown},
@code{\arpeggioNormal},
@code{\arpeggioBracket},
-@code{\arpeggioParenthesis}.
+@code{\arpeggioParenthesis}
+@code{\arpeggioParenthesisDashed}.
+@endpredefined
@snippets
@seealso
-
Music Glossary:
@rglos{arpeggio}.
Notation Reference:
+@ref{Slurs},
@ref{Ties}.
Snippets:
Internals Reference:
@rinternals{Arpeggio},
+@rinternals{Slur},
@rinternals{PianoStaff}.
@unnumberedsubsubsec Trills
@cindex trills
+
@funindex \trill
@funindex trill
@funindex \startTrillSpan
@predefined
-
@code{\startTrillSpan},
@code{\stopTrillSpan}.
+@endpredefined
@seealso
-
Music Glossary:
@rglos{trill}.
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff