version that you are working on. See TRANSLATION for details.
@end ignore
+@c \version "2.11.38"
+
@node Expressive marks
@section Expressive marks
@menu
* Articulations and ornamentations::
* Dynamics::
+* New dynamic marks::
@end menu
@node Articulations and ornamentations
@snippets
-@c Send these snippets to Valentin for the LSR.
+@c Once revised, add to LSR.
The shorthands are defined in @file{ly/@/script@/-init@/.ly},
where the variables @code{dashHat}, @code{dashPlus},
Music Glossary: @rglos{tenuto}, @rglos{accent}, @rglos{staccato},
@rglos{portato}.
-Snippets: @lsrdir{Expressive,Expressive-marks}
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Expressive marks}.
-Internals Reference: @internalsref{Script},
-@internalsref{TextScript}.
+Internals Reference: @rinternals{Script},
+@rinternals{TextScript}.
@knownissues
@subsubsection Dynamics
@cindex dynamics
+@funindex \ppppp
@funindex \pppp
@funindex \ppp
@funindex \pp
@funindex \rfz
Absolute dynamic marks are specified using a command after a note,
-like @code{c4\ff}. The available dynamic marks are @code{\ppppp},
-@code{\pppp}, @code{\ppp}, @code{\pp}, @code{\p}, @code{\mp},
-@code{\mf}, @code{\f}, @code{\ff}, @code{\fff}, @code{\ffff},
-@code{\fp}, @code{\sf}, @code{\sff}, @code{\sp}, @code{\spp},
-@code{\sfz}, and @code{\rfz}. The dynamic marks may be manually
-placed above or below the staff, see @ref{Controlling direction
-and placement}.
+such as @code{c4\ff}. The available dynamic marks are
+@code{\ppppp}, @code{\pppp}, @code{\ppp}, @code{\pp}, @code{\p},
+@code{\mp}, @code{\mf}, @code{\f}, @code{\ff}, @code{\fff},
+@code{\ffff}, @code{\fp}, @code{\sf}, @code{\sff}, @code{\sp},
+@code{\spp}, @code{\sfz}, and @code{\rfz}. The dynamic marks may
+be manually placed above or below the staff, see @ref{Controlling
+direction and placement}.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
c2\ppp c\mp
c\rfz c^\mf
-c_\spp c_\staccato^\ff
+c_\spp c^\ff
@end lilypond
@cindex hairpin
@funindex \decr
A @notation{crescendo} mark is started with @code{\<} and
-terminated with @code{\!} or an absolute dynamic. A
-@notation{decrescendo} is started with @code{\>} and is also
-terminated with @code{\!} or an absolute dynamic. @code{\cr} and
-@code{\decr} may be used instead of @code{\<} and @code{\>}. They
-can be engraved either using a graphical sign (a
-@notation{hairpin}), or with textual signs.
-
-Because these marks are bound to notes, you must use spacer notes
-if multiple marks are needed during one note.
+terminated with @code{\!}, an absolute dynamic, or an additional
+@notation{crescendo} or @notation{decrescendo} mark. A
+@notation{decrescendo} mark is started with @code{\>} and is also
+terminated with @code{\!}, an absolute dynamic, or another
+@notation{crescendo} or @notation{decrescendo} mark. @code{\cr}
+and @code{\decr} may be used instead of @code{\<} and @code{\>}.
+@notation{Hairpins} are engraved by default using this notation.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
-c\< c\! d\> e\!
-<< f1 { s4 s4\< s4\! \> s4\! } >>
+c2\< c\!
+d2\< d\f
+e2\< e\>
+f2\> f\!
+e2\> e\mp
+d2\> d\>
+c1\!
@end lilypond
-This may give rise to very short hairpins. To lengthen them, the
-following code can be used, for example:
-
-@example
-\override Voice.Hairpin #'minimum-length = #5
-@end example
-
-@noindent
A @notation{hairpin} normally starts at the left edge of the
beginning note and ends on the right edge of the ending note. If
the ending note falls on the downbeat, the @notation{hairpin} ends
on the immediately preceding bar line. The following example
illustrates this behavior:
+@c This example currently does not work. -pm
+@c TODO: Add link to new snippet for #'to-barline
+
+Spacer notes are needed to engrave multiple marks on one note.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
+c4\< c\! d\> e\!
+<< f1 { s4 s4\< s4\> s4\! } >>
+@end lilypond
+
+If hairpins are too short, they can be lengthened using the
+following method:
+
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
-e4\< e2. e1\!
-\set hairpinToBarline = ##f
-e4\< e2. e1\!
+c4\< c\! d\> e\!
+\override Voice.Hairpin #'minimum-length = #5
+<< f1 { s4 s4\< s4\> s4\! } >>
@end lilypond
@cindex espressivo, articulation
In some situations the @code{\espressivo} articulation mark may be
-suitable to indicate a crescendo and decrescendo on the one note:
+the appropriate choice to indicate a crescendo and decrescendo on
+one note:
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
-c2 b4 a g1\espressivo
+c2 b4 a
+g1\espressivo
@end lilypond
@cindex al niente
@cindex diminuendo
@funindex \setTextCresc
@funindex \setTextDim
+@funindex \setTextDecr
@funindex \setTextDecresc
@funindex \setHairpinCresc
@funindex \setHairpinDim
@funindex \setHairpinDecresc
-You can use text saying @notation{cresc.}, @notation{decr.}, or
-@notation{dim.} instead of hairpins with the commands
-@code{\setTextCresc}, @code{\setTextDim}, and
-@code{\setTextDecresc}. The corresponding
-@code{\setHairpinCresc}, @code{\setHairpinDim}, and
-@code{\setHairpinDecresc} will revert to hairpins again:
+Crescendos and decrescendos can be engraved as @notation{cresc.},
+@notation{decresc.}, @notation{decr.}, or @notation{dim.} instead
+of using hairpins with the commands @code{\setTextCresc},
+@code{\setTextDecresc}, @code{\setTextDecr}, and
+@code{\setTextDim}. The corresponding @code{\setHairpinCresc},
+@code{\setHairpinDim}, and @code{\setHairpinDecresc} will revert
+to hairpins again:
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
\setTextCresc
@end lilypond
You can also supply your own texts and change the style of the
-spanner line with the properties @code{\crescendoText},
-@code{\crescendoSpanner}, @code{\decrescendoText}, and
-@code{\decrescendoSpanner}. Available values for the spanner
+spanner line with the properties @code{crescendoText},
+@code{crescendoSpanner}, @code{decrescendoText}, and
+@code{decrescendoSpanner}. Available values for the spanner
properties are @code{hairpin}, @code{line}, @code{dashed-line},
and @code{dotted-line}. If unset, a hairpin crescendo is used:
a'2\< a a a a a a a\!\mf
@end lilypond
-To create new dynamic marks or text that should be aligned with
-dynamics, see @ref{New dynamic marks}.
+To create new absolute dynamic marks or text that should be
+aligned with dynamics, see @ref{New dynamic marks}.
Vertical positioning of dynamics is handled by
-@internalsref{DynamicLineSpanner}.
+@rinternals{DynamicLineSpanner}.
@predefined
@snippets
+@c Add LilyPond examples to these snippets. -pm
+
Dynamics that occur at, begin on, or end on the same note will be
vertically aligned. If you want to ensure that dynamics are
aligned when they do not occur on the same note, you can increase
Text style dynamic changes (such as @notation{cresc.} and
@notation{dim.}) are printed with a dashed line showing their
-extent. To surpress printing this line, use
+extent. To suppress printing this line, use
@example
\override DynamicTextSpanner #'dash-period = #-1.0
@c TODO: Add hairpin to glossary.
-Music Glossary: @rglos{crescendo}, @rglos{decrescendo}.
+Music Glossary:
+@rglos{crescendo},
+@rglos{decrescendo}.
+
+Learning Manual:
+@rlearning{Articulation and dynamics}.
+
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Expressive marks}.
+
+Internals Reference:
+@rinternals{DynamicText},
+@rinternals{Hairpin},
+@rinternals{DynamicLineSpanner}.
+
+
+@node New dynamic marks
+@subsubsection New dynamic marks
+
+It is possible to print new dynamic marks or text that should be
+aligned with dynamics. Use @code{make-dynamic-script} to create
+these marks. Note that the dynamic font only contains the
+characters @code{f,m,p,r,s} and @code{z}.
+
+Some situations (such as dynamic marks) have preset font-related
+properties. If you are creating text in such situations, it is
+advisable to cancel those properties with @code{normal-text}. See
+@ref{Text markup commands}, for more details.
-Learning Manual: @rlearning{Articulation and dynamics}.
+@cindex make-dynamic-script
-Snippets: @lsrdir{Expressive,Expressive-marks}
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
+sfzp = #(make-dynamic-script "sfzp")
+\relative c' {
+ c4 c c\sfzp c
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+@cindex Dynamics, editorial
+@cindex Dynamics, parenthesis
+
+It is also possible to print dynamics in round parenthesis or
+square brackets. These are often used for adding editorial
+dynamics.
+
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
+rndf = \markup{ \center-align {\line { \bold{\italic (}
+ \dynamic f \bold{\italic )} }} }
+boxf = \markup{ \bracket { \dynamic f } }
+{ c'1_\rndf c'1_\boxf }
+@end lilypond
+
+@seealso
-Internals Reference: @internalsref{DynamicText},
-@internalsref{Hairpin}. Vertical positioning of these symbols is
-handled by @internalsref{DynamicLineSpanner}.
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Expressive marks}.
@node Curves
Music Glossary: @rglos{slur}
-Snippets: @lsrdir{Expressive,Expressive-marks}
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Expressive marks}.
-Internals Reference: @internalsref{Slur}.
+Internals Reference: @rinternals{Slur}.
@node Phrasing slurs
@seealso
-Snippets: @lsrdir{Expressive,Expressive-marks}
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Expressive marks}.
-Internals Reference: @internalsref{PhrasingSlur}
+Internals Reference: @rinternals{PhrasingSlur}
@node Breath marks
@seealso
-Snippets: @lsrdir{Expressive,Expressive-marks}
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Expressive marks}.
@c @lsr{expressive,breathing-sign.ly}.
-Internals Reference: @internalsref{BreathingSign}
+Internals Reference: @rinternals{BreathingSign}
@node Falls and doits
@c TODO: add falls and doits to glossary.
@c Music Glossary: @rglos{falls}, @rglos{doits}.
-Snippets: @lsrdir{Expressive,Expressive-marks}
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Expressive marks}.
@node Lines
Music Glossary: @rglos{glissando}
-Snippets: @lsrdir{Expressive,Expressive-marks}
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Expressive marks}.
@c FIXME: I need to figure out what's up with these. -gp
@c @lsr{expressive,glissando.ly},
@c @lsr{expressive,line-styles.ly}
-Internals Reference: @internalsref{Glissando}
+Internals Reference: @rinternals{Glissando}
@knownissues
Notation Reference: @ref{Ties}, for writing out arpeggios.
-Snippets: @lsrdir{Expressive,Expressive-marks}
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Expressive marks}.
-Internals Reference: @internalsref{Arpeggio},
-@internalsref{PianoStaff}.
+Internals Reference: @rinternals{Arpeggio},
+@rinternals{PianoStaff}.
@knownissues
Music Glossary: @rglos{trill}
-Snippets: @lsrdir{Expressive,Expressive-marks}
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Expressive marks}.
-Internals Reference: @internalsref{TrillSpanner}
+Internals Reference: @rinternals{TrillSpanner}
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