@node Expressive marks
@section Expressive marks
+@lilypondfile[quote,ragged-right,line-width=16\cm,staffsize=16]
+{expressive-headword.ly}
+
@menu
* Attached to notes::
* Curves::
@end menu
@node Articulations and ornamentations
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Articulations and ornamentations
+@subsubsection Articulations and ornamentations
-@cindex Articulations
+@cindex articulations
@cindex scripts
@cindex ornaments
A variety of symbols can appear above and below notes to indicate
different characteristics of the performance. All these symbols
-can be attached to a note using the syntax @var{note}@code{\}@var{name}.
+can be attached to a note using the syntax
+@var{note}@code{\}@var{name}.
The possible values for @var{name} are listed in @ref{List of
articulations}.
-Some of these articulations have shorthands for easier entry. They
-are used by adding a dash and the character signifying
-the articulation to the note name. The available shorthands and
-their output are:
-
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim,relative=2]
-\override TextScript #'font-family = #'typewriter
-\override TextScript #'font-shape = #'upright
-c''4-._"c-."
-c''4--_"c--"
-c''4-+_"c-+"
-c''4-|_"c-|"
-c''4->_"c->"
-c''4-^_"c-^"
-c''4-__"c-_"
+Some of these articulations have shorthands for easier entry.
+Shorthands are appended to the note name, and their syntax
+consists of a dash (@code{-}) followed by a symbol signifying the
+articulation. The available shorthands are:
+
+@itemize
+@item
+@code{-^} (@notation{marcato})
+
+@item
+@code{-+} (@notation{stopped})
+
+@item
+@code{--} (@notation{tenuto})
+
+@item
+@code{-|} (@notation{staccatissimo})
+
+@item
+@code{->} (@notation{accent})
+
+@item
+@code{-.} (@notation{staccato})
+
+@item
+@code{-_} (@notation{portato})
+
+@end itemize
+
+and their corresponding output:
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
+c4-^ c-+ c-- c-|
+c-> c-. c-_
@end lilypond
The marks are automatically placed, but the direction can be
-forced as well. Like other pieces of LilyPond code, @code{_} will
-place them below the staff, and @code{^} will place them above.
-This applies both to the shorthands and the fully named
-articulations. For the shorthands, the dash itself should be
-omitted; the shorthand signs replace it:
-
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
-c''4^^ c''4_^
+forced as well. Like other pieces of LilyPond code,
+@code{_}@tie{}will place them below the staff, and@tie{}@code{^}
+will place them above. This applies both to the shorthands and
+the fully named articulations. For the shorthands, the dash
+itself should be omitted; the direction signs replace it:
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
+c4^^ c4_^
c\fermata c^\fermata c_\fermata
@end lilypond
@commonprop
-The meanings of the shorthands can be changed. They are defined
-in @file{ly/@/script@/-init@/.ly}, where the variables
-@code{DashDot}, @code{DashDash}, @code{DashPlus}, @code{DashBar},
-@code{DashLarger}, @code{DashHat}, and @code{DashUnderscore}
-are associated with the default articulation marks. If you want,
-e.g., @code{-+} to produce a trill instead of a "+", you can
-redefine the variable in your document:
-
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-\relative c'' { c-+ }
+The shorthands are defined in @file{ly/@/script@/-init@/.ly},
+where the variables @code{dashHat}, @code{dashPlus},
+@code{dashDash}, @code{dashBar}, @code{dashLarger},
+@code{dashDot}, and @code{dashUnderscore} are assigned default
+values. The default values for the shorthands can be modified.
+For example, to associate the @code{-+} (@code{dashPlus})
+shorthand with the @notation{trill} symbol instead of the default
+@notation{+} symbol, assign the value @code{trill} to the variable
+@code{dashPlus}:
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
+\relative c'' { c-+ }
dashPlus = "trill"
-\relative c'' { c-+ }
+\relative c'' { c-+ }
@end lilypond
The vertical ordering of scripts is controlled with the
@code{script-priority} property. The lower this number, the
closer it will be put to the note. In this example, the
-@internalsref{TextScript} (the sharp symbol) first has the lowest
+@code{TextScript} (the sharp symbol) first has the lowest
priority, so it is put lowest in the first example. In the
-second, the prall trill (the @internalsref{Script}) has the
+second, the @notation{prall trill} (the @code{Script}) has the
lowest, so it is on the inside. When two objects have the same
priority, the order in which they are entered decides which one
comes first.
-
-@commonprop
-
-The meanings of the shorthands can be changed. They are defined
-in @file{ly/@/script@/-init@/.ly}, where the variables
-@code{DashDot}, @code{DashDash}, @code{DashPlus}, @code{DashBar},
-@code{DashLarger}, @code{DashHat}, and @code{DashUnderscore}
-are associated with the default articulation marks. If you want,
-e.g., @code{-+} to produce a trill instead of a "+", you can
-redefine the variable in your document:
-
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-\relative c'' { c-+ }
-dashPlus = "trill"
-\relative c'' { c-+ }
-@end lilypond
-
-The vertical ordering of scripts is controlled with the
-@code{script-priority} property. The lower this number, the
-closer it will be put to the note. In this example, the
-@internalsref{TextScript} (the sharp symbol) first has the lowest
-priority, so it is put lowest in the first example. In the
-second, the prall trill (the @internalsref{Script}) has the
-lowest, so it is on the inside. When two objects have the same
-priority, the order in which they are entered decides which one
-comes first.
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,relative=3,ragged-right,fragment,quote]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=3]
\once \override TextScript #'script-priority = #-100
a4^\prall^\markup { \sharp }
@seealso
-Program reference: @internalsref{Script}.
+Snippets: @lsrdir{Expressive,Expressive-marks}
+
+Internals Reference: @internalsref{Script},
+@internalsref{TextScript}.
@refbugs
@node Dynamics
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Dynamics
+@subsubsection Dynamics
-@cindex Dynamics
+@cindex dynamics
@funindex \pppp
@funindex \ppp
@funindex \pp
@funindex \sfz
@funindex \rfz
-Absolute dynamic marks are specified using a command after a note
-@code{c4\ff}. The available dynamic marks are @code{\ppppp},
+Absolute dynamic marks are specified using a command after a note,
+like @code{c4\ff}. The available dynamic marks are @code{\ppppp},
@code{\pppp}, @code{\ppp}, @code{\pp}, @code{\p}, @code{\mp},
@code{\mf}, @code{\f}, @code{\ff}, @code{\fff}, @code{\ffff},
@code{\fp}, @code{\sf}, @code{\sff}, @code{\sp}, @code{\spp},
@code{\sfz}, and @code{\rfz}. The dynamic marks can be placed
-above or below the staff with @code{_} and @code{^}, just like
-articulation marks.
+above or below the staff with@tie{}@code{_} and@tie{}@code{^},
+just like articulation marks.
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
-c2\ppp c\mp
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
+c2\ppp c\mp
c\rfz c^\mf
c_\spp c_\staccato^\ff
@end lilypond
@funindex \>
@funindex \!
-A crescendo mark is started with @code{\<} and terminated with
-@code{\!} or an absolute dynamic. A decrescendo is started with
-@code{\>} and is also terminated with @code{\!} or an absolute
-dynamic. @code{\cr} and @code{\decr} may be used instead of
-@code{\<} and @code{\>}. They can be engraved either using a
-graphical sign (a @q{hairpin}), or with textual signs.
+A @notation{crescendo} mark is started with @code{\<} and
+terminated with @code{\!} or an absolute dynamic. A
+@notation{decrescendo} is started with @code{\>} and is also
+terminated with @code{\!} or an absolute dynamic. @code{\cr} and
+@code{\decr} may be used instead of @code{\<} and @code{\>}. They
+can be engraved either using a graphical sign (a @q{hairpin}), or
+with textual signs.
Because these marks are bound to notes, you must use spacer notes
if multiple marks are needed during one note.
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim,relative=2]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
c\< c\! d\> e\!
<< f1 { s4 s4\< s4\! \> s4\! } >>
@end lilypond
-This may give rise to very short hairpins. Use
-@code{minimum-length} in
-@internalsref{Voice}.@internalsref{Hairpin} to lengthen them, for
-example:
+This may give rise to very short hairpins. To lengthen them, use
+for example @code{minimum-length} in
+@internalsref{Voice}.@internalsref{Hairpin}:
@example
\override Voice.Hairpin #'minimum-length = #5
A hairpin normally starts at the left edge of the beginning note
and ends on the right edge of the ending note. If the ending note
falls on the downbeat, the hairpin ends on the immediately
-preceding barline. This may be modified by setting the
-@code{hairpinToBarline} property,
-@cindex Hairpin
+preceding bar line. This may be modified by setting the
+@code{hairpinToBarline} property:
+@cindex hairpin
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim,relative=2]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
e4\< e2. e1\!
\set hairpinToBarline = ##f
e4\< e2. e1\!
In some situations the @code{\espressivo} articulation mark may be
suitable to indicate a crescendo and decrescendo on the one note:
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim,relative=2]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
c2 b4 a g1\espressivo
@end lilypond
Hairpins may be printed with a circled tip (al niente notation) by
setting the @code{circled-tip} property:
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2,verbatim]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
\override Hairpin #'circled-tip = ##t
c2\< c\!
c4\> c\< c2\!
@end lilypond
-
@cindex crescendo
@cindex decrescendo
@cindex diminuendo
@emph{dim.} instead of hairpins with the commands \setTextCresc,
\setTextDim, and \setTextDecresc. The corresponding
\setHairpinCresc, \setHairpinDim, and \setHairpinDecresc will
-revert to hairpins again:
+revert to hairpins again:
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2,verbatim]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
\setTextCresc
c\< d e f\!
\setHairpinCresc
e\> d c b\!
\setTextDecresc
+e\> d e f\!
+\setTextDecr
c\> d e f\!
\setTextDim
e\> d c b\!
You can also supply your own texts and change the style of the
spanner line with the properties @code{\crescendoText},
@code{\crescendoSpanner}, @code{\decrescendoText}, and
-@code{\decrescendoSpanner}. Available values for the spanner
+@code{\decrescendoSpanner}. Available values for the spanner
properties are @code{hairpin}, @code{line}, @code{dashed-line},
-and @code{dotted-line}. If unset, a hairpin crescendo is used:
+and @code{dotted-line}. If unset, a hairpin crescendo is used:
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=1,verbatim]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=1]
\set crescendoText = \markup { \italic "cresc. poco" }
\set crescendoSpanner = #'dotted-line
a'2\< a a a a a a a\!\mf
@end lilypond
-
To create new dynamic marks or text that should be aligned with
dynamics, see @ref{New dynamic marks}.
@internalsref{DynamicLineSpanner}.
+@refcommands
+
+@funindex \dynamicUp
+@code{\dynamicUp},
+@funindex \dynamicDown
+@code{\dynamicDown},
+@funindex \dynamicNeutral
+@code{\dynamicNeutral}.
+
+
@commonprop
Dynamics that occur at, begin on, or end on the same note will be
\override DynamicLineSpanner #'staff-padding = #4
@end example
+@noindent
You may also use this property if the dynamics are colliding with
other notation.
@end example
-@refcommands
+@seealso
-@funindex \dynamicUp
-@code{\dynamicUp},
-@funindex \dynamicDown
-@code{\dynamicDown},
-@funindex \dynamicNeutral
-@code{\dynamicNeutral}.
+Music Glossary: @rglos{hairpin}, @rglos{crescendo},
+@rglos{decrescendo}.
+Learning Manual: @rlearning{Articulation and dynamics}.
-@seealso
+Snippets: @lsrdir{Expressive,Expressive-marks}
-Program reference: @internalsref{DynamicText},
+Internals Reference: @internalsref{DynamicText},
@internalsref{Hairpin}. Vertical positioning of these symbols is
handled by @internalsref{DynamicLineSpanner}.
-Glossary: @rglos{Hairpin}, @rglos{crescendo}, @rglos{decrescendo}
@node Curves
@subsection Curves
@menu
-* Ties::
* Slurs::
* Phrasing slurs::
* Breath marks::
* Falls and doits::
@end menu
-@node Ties
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Ties
-
-@cindex tie
-@funindex ~
-
-A tie connects two adjacent note heads of the same pitch. The tie
-in effect extends the length of a note.
-
-@warning{Ties should not be confused with @emph{slurs}, which
-indicate articulation, or @emph{phrasing slurs}, which indicate
-musical phrasing. A tie is just a way of extending a note
-duration, similar to the augmentation dot.}
-
-A tie is entered using the tilde symbol @code{~}
-
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
-e' ~ e'
-@end lilypond
-
-
-@noindent
-Ties are used either when the note crosses a bar line, or when
-dots cannot be used to denote the rhythm. Ties should also be
-used when note values cross larger subdivisions of the measure:
-
-@lilypond[fragment,quote,ragged-right]
-\relative {
- r8 c8 ~ c2 r4 | r8^"not" c2 ~ c8 r4
-}
-@end lilypond
-
-If you need to tie a lot of notes over bars, it may be easier to
-use automatic note splitting (see @ref{Automatic note splitting}).
-This mechanism automatically splits long notes, and ties them
-across bar lines.
-
-@funindex \repeatTie
-@cindex repeating ties
-@cindex volta brackets and ties
-
-When a tie is applied to a chord, all note heads whose pitches
-match are connected. When no note heads match, no ties will be
-created. Chords may be partially tied by placing the tie inside
-the chord.
-
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim,relative=1]
- <c e g> ~ <c e g>
-<c~ e g~ b> <c e g b>
-@end lilypond
-
-When a second alternative of a repeat starts with a tied note, you
-have to repeat the tie. This can be achieved with
-@code{\repeatTie},
-
-@lilypond[fragment,quote,ragged-right,relative=2]
-\repeat volta 2 { c g <c e>2 ~ }
-\alternative {{ <c e>2. r4 } {<c e>2\repeatTie d4 c }}
-@end lilypond
-
-@cindex Laissez vibrer
-@cindex Ties, laissez vibrer
-
-@notation{L.v.} ties (@notation{laissez vibrer}) indicate that
-notes must not be damped at the end. It is used in notation for
-piano, harp and other string and percussion instruments. They can
-be entered using @code{\laissezVibrer}:
-
-@lilypond[fragment,ragged-right,verbatim,relative=1]
-<c f g>\laissezVibrer
-@end lilypond
-
-The direction of a tie can be specified with @code{\tieUp} or
-@code{\tieDown} (see example below). @code{\tieNeutral} reverts
-to the default behaviour again.
-
-However, as with other music elements of this kind, there is a
-convenient shorthand for forcing tie directions. By adding
-@code{_} or @code{^} before the tilde, the direction is also set:
-
-@lilypond[relative=2,ragged-right,quote,verbatim,fragment]
-c4_~ c c^~ c)
-@end lilypond
-
-
-@seealso
-
-Program reference:
-@internalsref{LaissezVibrerTie}
-@internalsref{LaissezVibrerTieColumn}
-
-Example files:
-@lsr{connecting,laissez-vibrer-ties.ly}
-
-
-@commonprop
-
-Ties are sometimes used to write out arpeggios. In this case, two
-tied notes need not be consecutive. This can be achieved by
-setting the @code{tieWaitForNote} property to true. The same
-feature is also useful, for example, to tie a tremolo to a chord,
-but in principle, it can also be used for ordinary, consecutive
-notes:
-
-@lilypond[fragment,verbatim,relative=1,ragged-right,quote]
-\set tieWaitForNote = ##t
-\grace { c16[~ e~ g]~ } <c, e g>2
-\repeat tremolo 8 { c32~ c'~ } <c c,>1
-e8~ c~ a~ f~ <e' c a f>2
-\tieUp c8~ a \tieDown \tieDotted g~ c g2
-@end lilypond
-
-Ties may be engraved manually by changing the
-@code{tie-configuration} property. The first number indicates the
-distance from the center of the staff in staff-spaces, and the
-second number indicates the direction (1=up, -1=down).
-
-@lilypond[fragment,verbatim,relative=1,ragged-right,quote]
-<c e g>2~ <c e g> |
-\override TieColumn #'tie-configuration =
- #'((0.0 . 1) (-2.0 . 1) (-4.0 . 1))
-<c e g>~ <c e g> |
-@end lilypond
-
-
-@refcommands
-
-
-@funindex \tieUp
-@code{\tieUp},
-@funindex \tieDown
-@code{\tieDown},
-@funindex \tieNeutral
-@code{\tieNeutral},
-@funindex \tieDotted
-@code{\tieDotted},
-@funindex \tieDashed
-@code{\tieDashed},
-@funindex \tieSolid
-@code{\tieSolid}.
-
-
-@seealso
-
-In this manual: @ref{Automatic note splitting}.
-
-Program reference: @internalsref{Tie}.
-
-
-@refbugs
-
-Switching staves when a tie is active will not produce a slanted
-tie.
-
-Changing clefs or octavations during a tie is not really
-well-defined. In these cases, a slur may be preferable.
-
-
@node Slurs
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Slurs
+@subsubsection Slurs
-@cindex Slurs
+@cindex slurs
A slur indicates that notes are to be played bound or
@emph{legato}. They are entered using parentheses:
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,relative=2,fragment,verbatim]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
f( g a) a8 b( a4 g2 f4)
<c e>2( <b d>2)
@end lilypond
Just as with ties, the direction of a slur can be specified with
@code{\slur@emph{DIR}}, where @code{@emph{DIR}} is either
@code{Up}, @code{Down}, or @code{Neutral} (automatically
-selected). The shorthands are also available: by adding
-@code{_} or @code{^} before the opening parentheses, the direction
-is also set.
+selected). The shorthands are also available: by
+adding@tie{}@code{_} or@tie{}@code{^} before the opening
+parentheses, the direction is also set.
-@lilypond[relative=2,ragged-right,quote,verbatim,fragment]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
c4_( c) c^( c)
@end lilypond
slur over a few small slurs, please see @ref{Phrasing slurs}.
-@commonprop
-
-Some composers write two slurs when they want legato chords. This
-can be achieved in LilyPond by setting @code{doubleSlurs},
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,relative,fragment,quote]
-\set doubleSlurs = ##t
-<c e>4 ( <d f> <c e> <d f> )
-@end lilypond
-
-
@refcommands
@funindex \slurUp
@funindex \slurSolid
@code{\slurSolid}.
+
+@commonprop
+
+Some composers write two slurs when they want legato chords. This
+can be achieved in LilyPond by setting @code{doubleSlurs},
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=1]
+\set doubleSlurs = ##t
+<c e>4 ( <d f> <c e> <d f> )
+@end lilypond
+
+
@seealso
-Program reference: @internalsref{Slur}.
+Snippets: @lsrdir{Expressive,Expressive-marks}
+
+Internals Reference: @internalsref{Slur}.
@node Phrasing slurs
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Phrasing slurs
+@subsubsection Phrasing slurs
@cindex phrasing slurs
@cindex phrasing marks
indicate a musical sentence. It is written using @code{\(} and
@code{\)} respectively:
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim,relative=1]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=1]
\time 6/4 c'\( d( e) f( e) d\)
@end lilypond
normal slur. However, they are treated as different objects. A
@code{\slurUp} will have no effect on a phrasing slur; instead,
use @code{\phrasingSlurUp}, @code{\phrasingSlurDown}, and
-@code{\phrasingSlurNeutral}, or use the shorthands @code{_} and
-@code{^}.
+@code{\phrasingSlurNeutral}, or use the shorthands@tie{}@code{_}
+and@tie{}@code{^}.
You cannot have simultaneous phrasing slurs.
@seealso
-Program reference: @internalsref{PhrasingSlur}.
+Snippets: @lsrdir{Expressive,Expressive-marks}
+
+Internals Reference: @internalsref{PhrasingSlur}.
@node Breath marks
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Breath marks
+@subsubsection Breath marks
-Breath marks are entered using @code{\breathe}
+Breath marks are entered using @code{\breathe}:
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=1,verbatim]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=1]
c'4 \breathe d4
@end lilypond
@code{text} property of the @code{BreathingSign} layout object
with any markup text. For example,
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim,relative=1]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=1]
c'4
\override BreathingSign #'text
= #(make-musicglyph-markup "scripts.rvarcomma")
@seealso
-Program reference: @internalsref{BreathingSign}.
+Snippets: @lsrdir{Expressive,Expressive-marks},
+@c @lsr{expressive,breathing-sign.ly}.
-Examples: @lsr{expressive,breathing-sign.ly}
+Internals Reference: @internalsref{BreathingSign}.
@node Falls and doits
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Falls and doits
+@subsubsection Falls and doits
Falls and doits can be added to notes using the @code{\bendAfter}
command,
-@lilypond[fragment,ragged-right,relative=2]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
\override Score.SpacingSpanner #'shortest-duration-space = #3.0
c4-\bendAfter #+5
c4-\bendAfter #-3
* Glissando::
* Arpeggio::
* Trills::
-* Analysis brackets::
@end menu
@node Glissando
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Glissando
+@subsubsection Glissando
-@cindex Glissando
+@cindex glissando
@funindex \glissando
A glissando is a smooth change in pitch. It is denoted by a line
or a wavy line between two notes. It is requested by attaching
-@code{\glissando} to a note
+@code{\glissando} to a note:
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2,verbatim]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
c2\glissando c'
\override Glissando #'style = #'zigzag
c2\glissando c,
@commonprop
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
I = \once \override NoteColumn #'ignore-collision = ##t
-\relative <<
+\relative c' <<
{ \oneVoice \stemDown f2 \glissando \stemNeutral a } \\
{ \oneVoice \I c2 \glissando \I d, }
>>
@seealso
-Program reference: @internalsref{Glissando}.
+Music Glossary: @rglos{falls}, @rglos{doits}.
+
+Snippets: @lsrdir{Expressive,Expressive-marks}.
-Glossary: @rglos{falls}, @rglos{doits}
-Example files:
-@lsr{expressive,glissando.ly}, @lsr{expressive,line-styles.ly}
+@c FIXME: I need to figure out what's up with these. -gp
+@c @lsr{expressive,glissando.ly},
+@c @lsr{expressive,line-styles.ly}
+
+Internals Reference: @internalsref{Glissando}.
@refbugs
@node Arpeggio
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Arpeggio
+@subsubsection Arpeggio
-@cindex Arpeggio
+@cindex arpeggio
@cindex broken chord
@funindex \arpeggio
You can specify an arpeggio sign (also known as broken chord) on a
chord by attaching an @code{\arpeggio} to the chord:
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=1,verbatim]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=1]
<c e g c>\arpeggio
@end lilypond
-A square bracket on the left is used to indicate that the chord should
-@emph{not} be arpeggiated:
+A square bracket on the left is used to indicate that the chord
+should @emph{not} be arpeggiated:
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=1,verbatim]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=1]
\arpeggioBracket
-<c' e g c>\arpeggio
+<c e g c>\arpeggio
@end lilypond
The direction of the arpeggio can be denoted by adding an
-arrowhead to the wiggly line. This is done with the commands
-@code{arpeggioUp} and @code{arpeggioDown}. @code{arpeggioNeutral}
+arrowhead to the wiggly line. This is done with the commands
+@code{arpeggioUp} and @code{arpeggioDown}. @code{arpeggioNeutral}
reverts to the arrow-less version:
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=1,verbatim]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=1]
\new Voice {
\arpeggioUp
<c e g c>\arpeggio
@end lilypond
+@refcommands
+
+@code{\arpeggio},
+@funindex \arpeggioUp
+@code{\arpeggioUp},
+@funindex \arpeggioDown
+@code{\arpeggioDown},
+@funindex \arpeggioNeutral
+@code{\arpeggioNeutral},
+@funindex \arpeggioBracket
+@code{\arpeggioBracket}.
+
+
@commonprop
In a @code{PianoStaff}, it is possible to let an arpeggio cross
between the staves by setting the property
-@internalsref{PianoStaff}.@code{connectArpeggios}.
+@code{PianoStaff}.@code{connectArpeggios}.
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=1,verbatim]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=1]
\new PianoStaff <<
\set PianoStaff.connectArpeggios = ##t
\new Staff { <c' e g c>\arpeggio }
@code{PianoStaff} if the @code{Span_arpeggio_engraver} is included
in the Score context.
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
\score {
\new StaffGroup {
\set Score.connectArpeggios = ##t
}
\layout {
\context {
- \Score
+ \Score
\consists "Span_arpeggio_engraver"
- }
+ }
}
}
@end lilypond
-Similarly, an arpeggio can be drawn across notes in
-different voices on the same staff if the Span_arpeggio_engraver
-is moved to the Staff context:
+Similarly, an arpeggio can be drawn across notes in different
+voices on the same staff if the @code{Span_arpeggio_engraver} is
+moved to the Staff context:
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
\new Staff
\with {
\consists "Span_arpeggio_engraver"
@end lilypond
-
-@refcommands
-
-@code{\arpeggio},
-@funindex \arpeggioUp
-@code{\arpeggioUp},
-@funindex \arpeggioDown
-@code{\arpeggioDown},
-@funindex \arpeggioNeutral
-@code{\arpeggioNeutral},
-@funindex \arpeggioBracket
-@code{\arpeggioBracket}.
-
-
@seealso
-Notation manual: @ref{Ties}, for writing out arpeggios.
+Notation Reference: @ref{Ties}, for writing out arpeggios.
+
+Snippets: @lsrdir{Expressive,Expressive-marks}
-Program reference: @internalsref{Arpeggio}.
+Internals Reference: @internalsref{Arpeggio},
+@internalsref{PianoStaff}.
@refbugs
It is not possible to mix connected arpeggios and unconnected
-arpeggios in one @internalsref{PianoStaff} at the same point in
+arpeggios in one @code{PianoStaff} at the same point in
time.
@node Trills
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Trills
+@subsubsection Trills
Short trills are printed with @code{\trill} like normal
articulation; see @ref{Articulations and ornamentations}.
Long running trills are made with @code{\startTrillSpan} and
-@code{\stopTrillSpan}. In the following example, it is shown in
+@code{\stopTrillSpan}. In the following example, it is shown in
the common combination with grace notes. If a more precise
control of the placement of the grace notes is needed, see
@ref{Grace notes}.
-@lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,relative=2,quote,fragment]
-\relative c''
-{c1 \afterGrace
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
+c1 \afterGrace
d1\startTrillSpan { c16[\stopTrillSpan d] }
-c4 }
+c4
@end lilypond
-@cindex Pitched trills
+@cindex pitched trills
Trills that should be executed on an explicitly specified pitch
can be typeset with the command @code{pitchedTrill}, and the
syntax @code{\pitchedTrill} @var{mainnote}@code{\startTrillSpan}
@var{trillnote} @var{endnote} @code{\stopTrillSpan}.
-@lilypond[ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,relative=1,quote]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=1]
\pitchedTrill e2 \startTrillSpan fis
d\stopTrillSpan
@end lilypond
-
@noindent
The first argument is the main note. The pitch of the second is
printed as a stemless note head in parentheses.
@seealso
-Program reference: @internalsref{TrillSpanner}.
-
-
-@node Analysis brackets
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Analysis brackets
-
-@cindex brackets
-@cindex phrasing brackets
-@cindex musicological analysis
-@cindex note grouping bracket
-
-Brackets are used in musical analysis to indicate structure in
-musical pieces. LilyPond supports a simple form of nested
-horizontal brackets. To use this, add the
-@internalsref{Horizontal_bracket_engraver} to the
-@internalsref{Staff} context. A bracket is started with
-@code{\startGroup} and closed with @code{\stopGroup}.
-
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-\score {
- \relative c'' {
- c4\startGroup\startGroup
- c4\stopGroup
- c4\startGroup
- c4\stopGroup\stopGroup
- }
- \layout {
- \context {
- \Staff \consists "Horizontal_bracket_engraver"
-}}}
-@end lilypond
-
-@seealso
-
-Program reference: @internalsref{HorizontalBracket}.
-
-
+Snippets: @lsrdir{Expressive,Expressive-marks}
+Internals Reference: @internalsref{TrillSpanner}.
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