@node Example templates
@chapter Example templates
-[TODO]
+This section of the manual contains templates with the LilyPond score
+already set up for you. Just add notes, run LilyPond, and enjoy
+beautiful printed scores!
+
+@menu
+* Suggestions for writing LilyPond files::
+* Single staff::
+* Piano templates::
+* Small ensembles::
+* Jazz combo::
+* Other templates::
+@end menu
+
+@c TODO explain \score{} ? Maybe add a note to the tutorial?
+
+@node Suggestions for writing LilyPond files
+@section Suggestions for writing LilyPond files
+
+Now you're ready to begin writing bigger LilyPond files -- not just the
+little examples in the tutorial, but whole pieces. But how should you
+go about doing it?
+
+The best answer is ``however you want to do it''. As long as LilyPond
+can understand your files and produces the output that you want, it
+doesn't matter what your files look like. That said, sometimes we
+make mistakes when writing files. If LilyPond can't understand your
+files, or produces output that you don't like, how do you fix the
+problem?
+
+Here are a few suggestions that can help you in avoiding or fixing
+problems:
+
+@itemize @bullet
+@item Include @code{\version} numbers in every file. Note that all
+templates contain a @code{\version "x.y.z"} string. We
+highly recommend that you always include the @code{\version}, no matter
+how small your file is. Speaking from personal experience, it's
+quite frustrating to try to remember which version of LilyPond you were
+using a few years ago. @code{convert-ly} requires you to declare
+which version of LilyPond you used.
+
+@item Include checks: See @ref{Bar check} and @ref{Octave check}. If you
+include checks every so often, then if you make a mistake, you can pinpoint
+it quicker. How often is ``every so often''? It depends on the complexity
+of the music. For very simple music, perhaps just once or twice. For
+very complex music, every bar.
+
+@item One bar per line. If there's anything complicated, either in the music
+itself or in the output you desire, it's often good to write only one bar
+per line. Saving screen space by cramming eight bars per line just isn't
+worth it if you have to `debug' your files.
+
+@item Comment your files, with either bar numbers (every so often) or
+references to musical themes (``second theme in violins'', ``fourth
+variation''). You may not need it when you're writing the piece for
+the first time, but if you want to go back and change something two
+or three years later, you won't know how your file is structured if you
+don't comment the file.
+
+@end itemize
+
+@node Single staff
+@section Single staff
+@subsection Notes only
+
+The first example gives you a staff with notes, suitable for a solo
+instrument or a melodic fragment. Cut and paste this into a file,
+add notes, and you're finished!
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,raggedright]
+
+\version "2.3.11"
+melody = \relative c' {
+ \clef treble
+ \key c \major
+ \time 4/4
+
+ a4 b c d
+}
+
+\score{
+ \new Staff \melody
+ \paper { }
+ \midi { \tempo 4=60 }
+}
+
+@end lilypond
+
+@subsection Notes and lyrics
+
+The next example demonstrates a simple melody with lyrics. Cut and
+paste, add notes, then words for the lyrics. This example turns off
+automatic beaming, which is common for vocal parts. If you want to use
+automatic beaming, you'll have to change or comment out the relevant
+line.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,raggedright]
+
+\version "2.3.11"
+melody = \relative c' {
+ \clef treble
+ \key c \major
+ \time 4/4
+
+ a4 b c d
+}
+
+text = \lyrics {
+ Aaa Bee Cee Dee
+}
+
+\score{
+ <<
+ \context Voice = one {
+ \autoBeamOff
+ \melody
+ }
+ \lyricsto "one" \new Lyrics \text
+ >>
+ \paper { }
+ \midi { \tempo 4=60 }
+}
+
+@end lilypond
+
+@subsection Notes and chords
+
+Want to prepare a lead sheet with a melody and chords? Look no farther!
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,raggedright]
+
+\version "2.3.11"
+melody = \relative c' {
+ \clef treble
+ \key c \major
+ \time 4/4
+
+ f4 e8[ c] d4 g |
+ a2 ~ a2 |
+}
+
+harmonies = \chords {
+ c4:m f:min7 g:maj c:aug d2:dim b:sus
+}
+
+\score {
+ <<
+ \context ChordNames {
+ \set chordChanges = ##t
+ \harmonies
+ }
+ \context Staff = one \melody
+ >>
+
+ \paper{ }
+ \midi { \tempo 4=60}
+}
+
+@end lilypond
+
+@subsection Notes, lyrics, and chords.
+
+This template allows you to prepare a song with melody, words, and chords.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,raggedright]
+
+\version "2.3.11"
+melody = \relative c' {
+ \clef treble
+ \key c \major
+ \time 4/4
+
+ a b c d
+}
+
+text = \lyrics {
+ Aaa Bee Cee Dee
+}
+
+harmonies = \chords {
+ a2 c2
+}
+
+\score {
+ <<
+ \context ChordNames {
+ \set chordChanges = ##t
+ \harmonies
+ }
+ \context Voice = one {
+ \autoBeamOff
+ \melody
+ }
+ \lyricsto "one" \new Lyrics \text
+ >>
+ \paper { }
+ \midi { \tempo 4=60}
+}
+
+@end lilypond
+
+@node Piano templates
+@section Piano templates
+@subsection Solo piano
+
+Here's a simple piano staff.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,raggedright]
+
+\version "2.3.11"
+upper = \relative c'' {
+ \clef treble
+ \key c \major
+ \time 4/4
+
+ a b c d
+}
+
+lower = \relative c {
+ \clef bass
+ \key c \major
+ \time 4/4
+
+ a2 c
+}
+
+\score {
+ \context PianoStaff <<
+ \set PianoStaff.instrument = "Piano "
+ \context Staff = upper \upper
+ \context Staff = lower \lower
+ >>
+ \paper { }
+ \midi { \tempo 4=60 }
+}
+
+@end lilypond
+
+@subsection Piano and melody with lyrics
+
+Here's a typical song format: one staff with the melody and lyrics, with
+piano accompaniment underneath.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,raggedright]
+
+\version "2.3.11"
+melody = \relative c'' {
+ \clef treble
+ \key c \major
+ \time 4/4
+
+ a b c d
+}
+
+text = \lyrics {
+ Aaa Bee Cee Dee
+}
+
+upper = \relative c'' {
+ \clef treble
+ \key c \major
+ \time 4/4
+
+ a b c d
+}
+
+lower = \relative c {
+ \clef bass
+ \key c \major
+ \time 4/4
+
+ a2 c
+}
+
+\score {
+ <<
+ \context Voice = mel {
+ \autoBeamOff
+ \melody
+ }
+ \lyricsto mel \new Lyrics \text
+
+ \context PianoStaff <<
+ \context Staff = upper \upper
+ \context Staff = lower \lower
+ >>
+ >>
+ \paper {
+ \context { \RemoveEmptyStaffContext }
+ }
+ \midi { \tempo 4=60}
+}
+
+@end lilypond
+
+@node Small ensembles
+@section Small ensembles
+@subsection SATB vocal score
+
+Here's a standard four-part SATB vocal score. With larger ensembles,
+it's often useful to include a section which is included in all
+parts. For example, the time signature and key signatures are almost
+always the same for all parts.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,raggedright]
+
+\version "2.3.11"
+global = {
+ \key c \major
+ \time 4/4
+}
+
+sopMusic = \relative c'' {
+ c4 c c8[( b)] c4
+}
+sopWords = \lyrics {
+ hi hi hi hi
+}
+
+altoMusic = \relative c' {
+ e4 f d e
+}
+altoWords =\lyrics {
+ ha ha ha ha
+}
+
+tenorMusic = \relative c' {
+ g4 a f g
+}
+tenorWords = \lyrics {
+ hu hu hu hu
+}
+
+bassMusic = \relative c {
+ c4 c g c
+}
+bassWords = \lyrics {
+ ho ho ho ho
+}
+
+\score {
+ \context ChoirStaff <<
+ \context Lyrics = sopranos { s1 }
+ \context Staff = women <<
+ \context Voice = sopranos { \voiceOne << \global \sopMusic >> }
+ \context Voice = altos { \voiceTwo << \global \altoMusic >> }
+ >>
+ \context Lyrics = altos { s1 }
+ \context Lyrics = tenors { s1 }
+ \context Staff = men <<
+ \clef bass
+ \context Voice = tenors { \voiceOne <<\global \tenorMusic >> }
+ \context Voice = basses { \voiceTwo <<\global \bassMusic >> }
+ >>
+ \context Lyrics = basses { s1 }
+ \context Lyrics = sopranos \lyricsto sopranos \sopWords
+ \context Lyrics = altos \lyricsto altos \altoWords
+ \context Lyrics = tenors \lyricsto tenors \tenorWords
+ \context Lyrics = basses \lyricsto basses \bassWords
+ >>
+
+ \paper {
+ \context {
+ % a little smaller so lyrics can be closer to the staff.
+ \Staff minimumVerticalExtent = #'(-3 . 3)
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+@end lilypond
+
+@subsection String quartet
+
+This template demonstrates a string quartet. It also uses a @code{\global}
+section for time and key signatures.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,raggedright]
+
+\version "2.3.11"
+global = {
+ \time 4/4
+ \key c \major
+}
+violinOne = \relative c''{
+ \set Staff.instrument = "Violin 1 "
+ c2 d
+ e1
+}
+violinTwo = \relative c''{
+ \set Staff.instrument = "Violin 2 "
+ g2 g
+ g1
+}
+viola = \relative c'{
+ \set Staff.instrument = "Viola "
+ \clef alto
+ e2 d
+ c1
+}
+cello = \relative c'{
+ \set Staff.instrument = "Cello "
+ \clef bass
+ c2 g
+ c,1
+}
+\score {
+ \new StaffGroup <<
+ \new Staff << \global \violinOne >>
+ \new Staff << \global \violinTwo >>
+ \new Staff << \global \viola >>
+ \new Staff << \global \cello >>
+ >>
+ \paper { }
+ \midi { \tempo 4=60}
+}
+
+@end lilypond
+
+@node Jazz combo
+@section Jazz combo
+
+This is a much more complicated template, for a jazz ensemble. Note that all
+instruments are notated @code{\key c \major}. This refers to the key in
+concert pitch; LilyPond will automatically transpose the key if the music
+is within a @code{\transpose} section.
+
+@c TODO must clean up this jazz combo example
+@c - transpositions stated in names (ie "trumpet in Bb" or whatever)
+@c - one global section, instead of "global" (time) and "key"
+@c - does it need those wierd macros? sl, nsl, etc.
+@c - maybe ask Amelie Zapf to clean it up, or whether I should just
+@c make whatever changes I feel like.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,raggedright]
+
+\version "2.3.11"
+\header {
+ title = "Song"
+ subtitle = "(tune)"
+ composer = "Me"
+ meter = "moderato"
+ piece = "Swing"
+ tagline = "LilyPond example file by Amelie Zapf, Berlin 07/07/2003"
+ texidoc = "Jazz tune for combo (horns, guitar, piano, bass, drums)."
+}
+
+#(set-global-staff-size 16)
+\include "english.ly"
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%% Some macros %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+sl = {
+ \override NoteHead #'style = #'slash
+ \override Stem #'transparent = ##t
+}
+nsl = {
+ \revert NoteHead #'style
+ \revert Stem #'transparent
+}
+cr = \override NoteHead #'style = #'cross
+ncr = \revert NoteHead #'style
+
+%% insert chord name style stuff here.
+
+jzchords = { }
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%% Keys'n'thangs %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+global = {
+ \time 4/4
+}
+
+Key = { \key c \major }
+
+% ############ Horns ############
+% ------ Trumpet ------
+trpt = \transpose c d \relative c'' {
+ \Key
+ c1 c c
+}
+
+trpharmony = \transpose c' d { \jzchords }
+trumpet = {
+ \global
+ \set Staff.instrument = #"Trumpet"
+ \clef treble
+ \context Staff <<
+ \trpt
+ >>
+}
+
+% ------ Alto Saxophone ------
+alto = \transpose c a \relative c' {
+ \Key
+ c1 c c
+}
+
+altoharmony = \transpose c' a { \jzchords }
+altosax = {
+ \global
+ \set Staff.instrument = #"Alto Sax"
+ \clef treble
+ \context Staff <<
+ \alto
+ >>
+}
+
+% ------ Baritone Saxophone ------
+bari = \transpose c a' \relative c {
+ \Key
+ c1 c \sl d4^"Solo" d d d \nsl
+}
+
+bariharmony = \transpose c' a \chords { \jzchords s1 s d2:maj e:m7 }
+barisax = {
+ \global
+ \set Staff.instrument = #"Bari Sax"
+ \clef treble
+ \context Staff <<
+ \bari
+ >>
+}
+% ------ Trombone ------
+tbone = \relative c {
+ \Key
+ c1 c c
+}
+
+tboneharmony = \chords { \jzchords }
+trombone = {
+ \global
+ \set Staff.instrument = #"Trombone"
+ \clef bass
+ \context Staff <<
+ \tbone
+ >>
+}
+% ############ Rhythm Section #############
+% ------ Guitar ------
+gtr = \relative c'' {
+ \Key
+ c1 \sl b4 b b b \nsl c1
+}
+
+gtrharmony = \chords { \jzchords
+ s1 c2:min7+ d2:maj9
+}
+
+guitar = {
+ \global
+ \set Staff.instrument = #"Guitar"
+ \clef treble
+ \context Staff <<
+ \gtr
+ >>
+}
+
+%% ------ Piano ------
+rhUpper = \relative c'' {
+ \voiceOne
+ \Key
+ c1 c c
+}
+
+rhLower = \relative c' {
+ \voiceTwo
+ \Key
+ e1 e e
+}
+
+lhUpper = \relative c' {
+ \voiceOne
+ \Key
+ g1 g g
+}
+
+lhLower = \relative c {
+ \voiceTwo
+ \Key
+ c1 c c
+}
+
+PianoRH = {
+ \clef treble
+ \global
+ \set Staff.midiInstrument = "acoustic grand"
+ \context Staff <<
+ \context Voice = one \rhUpper
+ \context Voice = two \rhLower
+ >>
+}
+
+PianoLH = {
+ \clef bass
+ \global
+ \set Staff.midiInstrument = "acoustic grand"
+ \context Staff <<
+ \context Voice = one \lhUpper
+ \context Voice = two \lhLower
+ >>
+}
+
+piano = {
+ \context PianoStaff <<
+ \set PianoStaff.instrument = #"Piano"
+ \context Staff = upper \PianoRH
+ \context Staff = lower \PianoLH
+ >>
+}
+
+% ------ Bass Guitar ------
+bass = \relative c {
+ \Key
+ c1 c c
+}
+
+bass = {
+ \global
+ \set Staff.instrument = #"Bass"
+ \clef bass
+ \context Staff <<
+ \bass
+ >>
+}
+
+ % ------ Drums ------
+
+up = \drums {
+ hh4 <hh sn>4 hh <hh sn> hh <hh sn>4
+ hh4 <hh sn>4
+ hh4 <hh sn>4
+ hh4 <hh sn>4
+}
+
+down = \drums {
+ bd4 s bd s bd s bd s bd s bd s
+}
+
+drumContents = {
+ \global
+ <<
+ \set DrumStaff.instrument = #"Drums"
+ \new DrumVoice { \voiceOne \up }
+ \new DrumVoice { \voiceTwo \down }
+ >>
+}
+
+%%%%%%%%% It All Goes Together Here %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\score {
+<<
+ \context StaffGroup = horns <<
+ \context Staff = trumpet \trumpet
+
+ \context Staff = altosax \altosax
+
+ \context ChordNames = barichords \bariharmony
+
+ \context Staff = barisax \barisax
+
+ \context Staff = trombone \trombone
+ >>
+
+ \context StaffGroup = rhythm <<
+ \context ChordNames = chords \gtrharmony
+ \context Staff = guitar \guitar
+ \context PianoStaff = piano \piano
+
+ \context Staff = bass \bass
+
+ \new DrumStaff { \drumContents }
+ >>
+>>
+ \paper {
+ \context { \RemoveEmptyStaffContext }
+ \context {
+ \Score
+ \override BarNumber #'padding = #3
+ \override RehearsalMark #'padding = #2
+ skipBars = ##t
+ }
+ }
+ \midi { \tempo 4 = 75 }
+}
+
+@end lilypond
+
+@node Other templates
+@section Other templates
+@subsection All headers
+
+This template displays all available headers. Some of them are only
+used in the Mutopia project; they don't affect the printed output at
+all. They are used if you want the piece to be listed with different
+information in the Mutopia database than you wish to have printed on the
+music. For example, Mutopia lists the composer of the famous D major
+violin concerto as TchaikovskyPI, whereas perhaps you wish to print
+"Petr Tchaikowski" on your music.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,raggedright]
+
+\version "2.3.11"
+\header {
+ dedication = "dedication"
+ title = "Title"
+ subtitle = "Subtitle"
+ subsubtitle = "Subsubtitle"
+ composer = "Composer (xxxx-yyyy)"
+ opus = "Opus 0"
+ piece = "Piece I"
+ instrument = "Instrument"
+ arranger = "Arranger"
+ poet = "Poet"
+ texttranslator = "Translator"
+ copyright = "public domain"
+
+% These are headers used by the Mutopia Project http://www.mutopiaproject.org/
+ mutopiatitle = ""
+ mutopiacomposer = ""
+ mutopiapoet = ""
+ mutopiainstrument = ""
+ date = "composer's dates"
+ source = "urtext "
+ maintainer = "your name here"
+ maintainerEmail = "your email here"
+ maintainerWeb = "your home page"
+ lastupdated = "2004/Aug/26"
+}
+
+\score {
+ \header {
+ piece = "piece1"
+ opus = "opus1"
+ }
+ { c'4 }
+}
+
+\score {
+ \header {
+ piece = "piece2"
+ opus = "opus2"
+ }
+ { c'4 }
+}
+
+@end lilypond
+
+@subsection Gregorian template
+
+This example demonstrates how to do modern transcriptions of Gregorian
+music. Gregorian music has no measure, no stems; it uses only half and
+quarter notes, and two types of barlines, a short one indicating a rest,
+and a second one indicating a breath mark.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,raggedright]
+
+barOne = { \once \override Staff.BarLine #'bar-size = #2
+ \bar "|" }
+barTwo = { \once \override Staff.BarLine #'extra-offset = #'(0 . 2)
+ \once \override Staff.BarLine #'bar-size = #2
+ \bar "|" }
+chant = \relative c' {
+ \set Score.timing = ##f
+ \override Staff.Stem #'transparent = ##t
+
+ f4 a2 \barTwo
+ g4 a2 f2 \barOne
+ g4( f) f( g) a2
+}
+\score {
+ \chant
+ \paper{ }
+ \midi { \tempo 4=60 }
+}
+
+@end lilypond
+
+@subsection Bagpipe music
+
+Here's an example of bagpipe music. It demonstrates a big strength of
+LilyPond, compared to graphical score editors: in LilyPond, you can
+very easily reuse small segments of music without writing them out
+completely. This template defines a large number of small segments
+(@code{taor, grip, thrd,} etc), which can be reused easily.
+
+TODO - replace Bagpipe template with Andrew McNabb's work?
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,raggedright]
+
+taor = { \grace { g32[ d' g e'] } }
+grip = { \grace { g32[ b g ] } }
+thrd = { \grace { g32[ d' c'] } }
+birl = { \grace { g32[ a g] } }
+gstd = { \grace { g'32[ d' g] } }
+fgg = { \grace { f32[ g'32] } }
+dblb = { \grace { g'32[ b d'] } }
+dblc = { \grace { g'32[ c' d'] } }
+dble = { \grace { g'32[ e' f'] } }
+dblf = { \grace { g'32[ f' g'] } }
+dblg = { \grace { g'32[ f'] } }
+dbla = { \grace { a'32[ g'] } }
+lgg = { \grace { g32 } }
+lag = { \grace { a32 } }
+cg = { \grace { c'32 } }
+eg = { \grace { e'32 } }
+gg = { \grace { g'32 } }
+dg = { \grace { d'32 } }
+hag = { \grace { a'32 } }
+gefg = { \grace { g'32[ e' f'] } }
+efg = { \grace { e'32[ f'] } }
+gdcg = { \grace { g'32[ d' c'] } }
+gcdg = { \grace { g'32[ c' d'] } }
+
+\transpose a a' {
+ #(add-grace-property 'Voice 'Stem 'length 6)
+ \time 6/8 \partial 4
+ \tieUp
+ \slurUp
+
+ f'4 |
+ \gg f'4 e'8 \thrd d'4. |
+ \eg a4.(a4) d'8 |
+ \gg d'4 f'8 \dble e'4. ( | \noBreak
+ e'8) d'4 \gg d'4 e'8 |
+
+ \break
+ \time 9/8
+ \dblf f'2.( f'4) d'8 |
+ \time 6/8
+ \dblg g'4 a'8 \gg a'4. |
+ \thrd d'4.( d'4) \eg a8 |
+ \time 9/8
+ \dble e'4 \lag e'8 \gg e'16[ d'8. e'8] \gg f'4 g'8 |
+
+ \break
+ \time 6/8
+ \gg f'4 e'8 \thrd d'4. |
+ \eg a4.( a4) d'8 |
+ \dblg g'4 a'8 \gg a'4. |
+ \thrd d'4.( d'4) f'8 |
+
+ \break
+ \dblg g'4 e'8( e'8) \dblf f'8.[ e'16] |
+ \thrd d'4.( d'4) \cg d'8 |
+ \gg c'4 e'8 \thrd d'4.( |
+ d'4.) \gdcg d'4.
+
+}
+
+@end lilypond
+
+
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff