version that you are working on. See TRANSLATION for details.
@end ignore
-@node Educational use
-@section Educational use
+@node Editorial annotations
+@section Editorial annotations
+
+@lilypondfile[ragged-right,line-width=16\cm,staffsize=16,quote]
+{editorial-headword.ly}
@menu
-* Note heads::
* Inside the staff::
* Outside the staff::
@end menu
-@node Note heads
-@subsection Note heads
-
-@menu
-* Easy notation note heads::
-* Shape note heads::
-* Improvisation::
-* Special noteheads::
-@end menu
-
-@node Easy notation note heads
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Easy notation note heads
-
-@cindex note heads, practice
-@cindex note heads, easy notation
-@cindex easy notation
-@cindex Hal Leonard
-
-The @q{easy play} note head includes a note name inside the head. It is
-used in music for beginners
-
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,staffsize=26]
- \setEasyHeads
- c'2 e'4 f' | g'1
-@end lilypond
-
-The command @code{\setEasyHeads} overrides settings for the
-@internalsref{NoteHead} object. To make the letters readable, it has
-to be printed in a large font size. To print with a larger font, see
-@ref{Setting the staff size}.
-
-@refcommands
-
-@funindex \setEasyHeads
-@code{\setEasyHeads}
-
-
-@node Shape note heads
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Shape note heads
-
-@cindex note heads, shape
-
-In shape note head notation, the shape of the note head corresponds
-to the harmonic function of a note in the scale. This notation was
-popular in the 19th century American song books.
-
-Shape note heads can be produced by setting @code{\aikenHeads} or
-@code{\sacredHarpHeads}, depending on the style desired.
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,relative=1,fragment]
- \aikenHeads
- c8 d4 e8 a2 g1
- \sacredHarpHeads
- c8 d4. e8 a2 g1
-@end lilypond
-
-Shapes are determined on the step in the scale, where the base of the
-scale is determined by the @code{\key} command
-
-@funindex \key
-@funindex shapeNoteStyles
-@funindex \aikenHeads
-@funindex \sacredHarpHeads
-
-Shape note heads are implemented through the @code{shapeNoteStyles}
-property. Its value is a vector of symbols. The k-th element indicates
-the style to use for the k-th step of the scale. Arbitrary
-combinations are possible, e.g.
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,relative=1,fragment]
- \set shapeNoteStyles = ##(cross triangle fa #f mensural xcircle diamond)
- c8 d4. e8 a2 g1
-@end lilypond
-
-
-@node Improvisation
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Improvisation
-
-Improvisation is sometimes denoted with slashed note heads. Such note
-heads can be created by adding a @internalsref{Pitch_squash_engraver}
-to the @internalsref{Voice} context. Then, the
-following command
-
-@example
-\set squashedPosition = #0
-\override NoteHead #'style = #'slash
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-switches on the slashes.
-
-There are shortcuts @code{\improvisationOn} (and an accompanying
-@code{\improvisationOff}) for this command sequence. They are used in
-the following example
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
-\new Voice \with {
- \consists Pitch_squash_engraver
-} \transpose c c' {
- e8 e g a a16(bes)(a8) g \improvisationOn
- e8
- ~e2~e8 f4 fis8
- ~fis2 \improvisationOff a16(bes) a8 g e
-}
-@end lilypond
-
-
-@node Special noteheads
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Special noteheads
-
-@cindex note heads, special
-
-Different noteheads are used by various instruments for various
-meanings -- crosses are used for @q{parlato} with vocalists, stopped
-notes on guitar; diamonds are used for harmonics on string instruments,
-etc. There is a shorthand (@code{\harmonic}) for diamond shapes; the
-other notehead styles are produced by tweaking the property
-
-@lilypond[ragged-right,relative=1,fragment,verbatim,quote]
-c4 d
-\override NoteHead #'style = #'cross
-e f
-\revert NoteHead #'style
-e d <c f\harmonic> <d a'\harmonic>
-@end lilypond
-
-@noindent
-To see all notehead styles, please see
-@ref{Note head styles}.
-
-
-@seealso
-
-Program reference: @internalsref{NoteHead}.
-
-
-
@node Inside the staff
@subsection Inside the staff
* Hidden notes::
* Coloring objects::
* Parentheses::
-* Ambitus::
* Stems::
@end menu
slurs.
Internally, the @code{fontSize} context property will cause the
-@code{font-size} property to be set in all layout objects. The value
-of @code{font-size} is a number indicating the size relative to the
-standard size for the current staff height. Each step up is an
-increase of approximately 12% of the font size. Six steps is exactly a
-factor two. The Scheme function @code{magstep} converts a
-@code{font-size} number to a scaling factor. The @code{font-size}
-property can also be set directly, so that only certain layout objects are
-affected.
+@code{font-size} property to be set in all layout objects. The
+value of @code{font-size} is a number indicating the size relative
+to the standard size for the current staff height. Each step up
+is an increase of approximately 12% of the font size. Six steps
+is exactly a factor two. The Scheme function @code{magstep}
+converts a @code{font-size} number to a scaling factor. The
+@code{font-size} property can also be set directly, so that only
+certain layout objects are affected.
@lilypond[quote,fragment,relative=1,verbatim]
c8
Font size changes are achieved by scaling the design size that is
closest to the desired size. The standard font size (for
-@code{font-size} equals 0), depends on the standard staff height. For
-a 20pt staff, a 10pt font is selected.
+@code{font-size} equals 0), depends on the standard staff height.
+For a 20pt staff, a 10pt font is selected.
-The @code{font-size} property can only be set on layout objects that
-use fonts. These are the ones supporting the
+The @code{font-size} property can only be set on layout objects
+that use fonts. These are the ones supporting the
@internalsref{font-interface} layout interface.
@refcommands
@cindex finger change
Fingering instructions can be entered using
+
@example
@var{note}-@var{digit}
@end example
+
For finger changes, use markup texts
@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,relative=1]
You can use the thumb-script to indicate that a note should be
played with the thumb (e.g., in cello music)
+
@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
<a_\thumb a'-3>8 <b_\thumb b'-3>
@end lilypond
-Fingerings for chords can also be added to individual notes
-of the chord by adding them after the pitches
+Fingerings for chords can also be added to individual notes of the
+chord by adding them after the pitches
+
@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
< c-1 e-2 g-3 b-5 >4
@end lilypond
@commonprop
-You may exercise greater control over fingering chords by
-setting @code{fingeringOrientations}
+You may exercise greater control over fingering chords by setting
+@code{fingeringOrientations}
@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,relative=1]
\set fingeringOrientations = #'(left down)
<c-1 es-2 g-4 bes-5 > 4
@end lilypond
-Using this feature, it is also possible to put fingering instructions
-very close to note heads in monophonic music,
+Using this feature, it is also possible to put fingering
+instructions very close to note heads in monophonic music,
@lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote,fragment]
\set fingeringOrientations = #'(right)
@seealso
-Program reference: @internalsref{Fingering}.
+Internals Reference: @internalsref{Fingering}.
Examples: @lsr{expressive,fingering-chords.ly}
@funindex \hideNotes
@funindex \unHideNotes
-Hidden (or invisible or transparent) notes can be useful in preparing theory
-or composition exercises.
+
+Hidden (or invisible or transparent) notes can be useful in
+preparing theory or composition exercises.
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,relative=2,fragment]
c4 d4
@node Coloring objects
@unnumberedsubsubsec Coloring objects
-Individual objects may be assigned colors. You may use the
-color names listed in the @ref{List of colors}.
+Individual objects may be assigned colors. You may use the color
+names listed in the @ref{List of colors}.
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,relative=1]
\override NoteHead #'color = #red
e
@end lilypond
-The full range of colors defined for X11 can be accessed by using the
-Scheme function x11-color. The function takes one argument that can be a
-symbol
+The full range of colors defined for X11 can be accessed by using
+the Scheme function x11-color. The function takes one argument
+that can be a symbol
@example
\override Beam #'color = #(x11-color 'MediumTurquoise)
\override Beam #'color = #(x11-color "MediumTurquoise")
@end example
-The first form is quicker to write and is more efficient. However, using
-the second form it is possible to access X11 colors by the multi-word
-form of its name
+The first form is quicker to write and is more efficient.
+However, using the second form it is possible to access X11 colors
+by the multi-word form of its name
@example
\override Beam #'color = #(x11-color "medium turquoise")
@end example
-If x11-color cannot make sense of the parameter then the color returned
-defaults to black. It should be obvious from the final score that
-something is wrong.
+If x11-color cannot make sense of the parameter then the color
+returned defaults to black. It should be obvious from the final
+score that something is wrong.
-This example illustrates the use of x11-color. Notice that the stem
-color remains black after being set to (x11-color 'Boggle), which is
-deliberate nonsense.
+This example illustrates the use of x11-color. Notice that the
+stem color remains black after being set to (x11-color 'Boggle),
+which is deliberate nonsense.
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
{
@end lilypond
+TODO
+you can get exact RGB colors by specifying
+
+% black
+\override Stem #'color = #(rgb-color 0 0 0)
+% white
+\override Stem #'color = #(rgb-color 1 1 1)
+% dark blue
+\override Stem #'color = #(rgb-color 0 0 0.5)
+
+
@seealso
Appendix: @ref{List of colors}.
@refbugs
-Not all x11 colors are distinguishable in a web browser. For web use
-normal colors are recommended.
+Not all x11 colors are distinguishable in a web browser. For web
+use normal colors are recommended.
-An x11 color is not necessarily exactly the same shade as a similarly
-named normal color.
+An x11 color is not necessarily exactly the same shade as a
+similarly named normal color.
Notes in a chord cannot be colored with @code{\override}; use
@code{\tweak} instead. See @ref{Objects connected to the input},
@cindex notes, ghost
@cindex notes, parenthesized
-Objects may be parenthesized by prefixing @code{\parenthesize} to the music
-event,
+Objects may be parenthesized by prefixing @code{\parenthesize} to
+the music event,
@lilypond[relative=2,fragment,verbatim,ragged-right]
<
>4-\parenthesize -.
@end lilypond
-This only functions inside chords, even for single notes
+This only functions inside chords, to parenthesize a single note it
+must be enclosed with @code{<>} as if it is a chord.
@example
< \parenthesize NOTE>
@end example
-@node Ambitus
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Ambitus
-@cindex ambitus
-
-The term @emph{ambitus} denotes a range of pitches for a given voice
-in a part of music. It may also denote the pitch range that a musical
-instrument is capable of playing. Ambits are printed on vocal parts,
-so performers can easily determine it meets their capabilities.
-
-Ambits are denoted at the beginning of a piece near the initial clef.
-The range is graphically specified by two note heads that represent the
-minimum and maximum pitch. To print such ambits, add the
-@internalsref{Ambitus_engraver} to the @internalsref{Voice} context,
-for example,
-
-@example
-\layout @{
- \context @{
- \Voice
- \consists Ambitus_engraver
- @}
-@}
-@end example
-
-This results in the following output
-
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
-\layout {
- \context {
- \Staff
- \consists Ambitus_engraver
- }
-}
-
-\relative \new Staff {
- as'' c e2 cis,2
-}
-@end lilypond
-
-If you have multiple voices in a single staff and you want a single
-ambitus per staff rather than per each voice, add the
-@internalsref{Ambitus_engraver} to the @internalsref{Staff} context
-rather than to the @internalsref{Voice} context. Here is an example,
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
-\new Staff \with {
- \consists "Ambitus_engraver"
-}
-<<
- \new Voice \with {
- \remove "Ambitus_engraver"
- } \relative c'' {
- \override Ambitus #'X-offset = #-1.0
- \voiceOne
- c4 a d e f2
- }
- \new Voice \with {
- \remove "Ambitus_engraver"
- } \relative c' {
- \voiceTwo
- es4 f g as b2
- }
->>
-@end lilypond
-
-@noindent
-This example uses one advanced feature,
-
-@example
-\override Ambitus #'X-offset = #-1.0
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-This code moves the ambitus to the left. The same effect could have
-been achieved with @code{extra-offset}, but then the formatting system
-would not reserve space for the moved object.
-
-@seealso
-
-Program reference: @internalsref{Ambitus},
-@internalsref{AmbitusLine}, @internalsref{AmbitusNoteHead},
-@internalsref{AmbitusAccidental}.
-
-Examples:
-@lsr{vocal,ambitus@/.ly}.
-
-@refbugs
-
-There is no collision handling in the case of multiple per-voice
-ambitus.
-
-
@node Stems
@unnumberedsubsubsec Stems
Whenever a note is found, a @internalsref{Stem} object is created
-automatically. For whole notes and rests, they are also created but
-made invisible.
+automatically. For whole notes and rests, they are also created
+but made invisible.
@refcommands
@commonprop
-To change the direction of stems in the middle of the staff, use
+To change the direction of stems on the center line of the staff, use
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2,verbatim]
a4 b c b
* Balloon help::
* Grid lines::
* Blank music sheet::
+* Analysis brackets::
@end menu
@node Balloon help
@unnumberedsubsubsec Balloon help
-Elements of notation can be marked and named with the help of a square
-balloon. The primary purpose of this feature is to explain notation.
+Elements of notation can be marked and named with the help of a
+square balloon. The primary purpose of this feature is to explain
+notation.
The following example demonstrates its use.
\new Voice \with { \consists "Balloon_engraver" }
{
\balloonGrobText #'Stem #'(3 . 4) \markup { "I'm a Stem" }
- <c-\balloonText #'(-2 . -2) \markup { Hello } >8
+ <f-\balloonText #'(-2 . -2) \markup { "I'm a note head" } >8
}
@end lilypond
@noindent
There are two music functions, @code{balloonText} and
-@code{balloonGrobText}. The latter takes the name of the grob to
-adorn, while the former may be used as an articulation on a note.
+@code{balloonGrobText}. The latter takes the name of the grob to
+adorn, while the former may be used as an articulation on a note.
The other arguments are the offset and the text of the label.
@cindex balloon
@seealso
-Program reference: @internalsref{text-balloon-interface}.
+Internals Reference: @internalsref{text-balloon-interface}.
@node Grid lines
@unnumberedsubsubsec Grid lines
-Vertical lines can be drawn between staves synchronized with
-the notes.
+Vertical lines can be drawn between staves synchronized with the
+notes.
@lilypond[ragged-right,quote,verbatim]
\layout {
\new Score \with {
\consists "Grid_line_span_engraver"
- %% centers grid lines horizontally below noteheads
+ %% centers grid lines horizontally below note heads
\override NoteColumn #'X-offset = #-0.5
}
@cindex Sheet music, empty
@cindex Staves, blank sheet
-A blank music sheet can be produced also by using invisible notes, and
-removing @code{Bar_number_engraver}.
+A blank music sheet can be produced also by using invisible notes,
+and removing @code{Bar_number_engraver}.
@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
@end lilypond
+@node Analysis brackets
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Analysis brackets
+
+@cindex brackets
+@cindex phrasing brackets
+@cindex musicological analysis
+@cindex note grouping bracket
+
+Brackets are used in musical analysis to indicate structure in
+musical pieces. LilyPond supports a simple form of nested
+horizontal brackets. To use this, add the
+@internalsref{Horizontal_bracket_engraver} to the
+@internalsref{Staff} context. A bracket is started with
+@code{\startGroup} and closed with @code{\stopGroup}.
+
+@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
+\score {
+ \relative c'' {
+ c4\startGroup\startGroup
+ c4\stopGroup
+ c4\startGroup
+ c4\stopGroup\stopGroup
+ }
+ \layout {
+ \context {
+ \Staff \consists "Horizontal_bracket_engraver"
+}}}
+@end lilypond
+
+@seealso
+
+Internals Reference: @internalsref{HorizontalBracket}.
+
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff