@item
Page layout: changing the appearance of the spacing, line
breaks, and page dimensions. These modifications are discussed
-in @ref{Non-musical notation} and @ref{Spacing issues}.
+in @ref{Non-musical notation}, and @ref{Spacing issues}.
@end itemize
Internally, LilyPond uses Scheme (a LISP dialect) to provide
infrastructure. Overriding layout decisions in effect accesses the
program internals, which requires Scheme input. Scheme elements are
introduced in a @code{.ly} file with the hash mark
-@code{#}.@footnote{@ref{Scheme tutorial} contains a short tutorial
+@code{#}.@footnote{@ref{Scheme tutorial}, contains a short tutorial
on entering numbers, lists, strings, and symbols in Scheme.}
function. This function is called as follows
@funindex set-accidental-style
+@example
+#(set-accidental-style 'STYLE)
+@end example
+
+@c TODO: check the context stuff below
+@c -does it *really* work?
+@c -the default contexts as specified in
+@c scm/music-function.scm seem to be different -vv
+
+Optionally, the function can take two arguments: the name of the
+accidental style, and an optional argument that denotes the context that
+should be changed:
+
@example
#(set-accidental-style 'STYLE #('CONTEXT#))
@end example
-The function can take two arguments: the name of the accidental style,
-and an optional argument that denotes the context that should be
-changed. If no context name is supplied, @code{Staff} is the default,
+If no context name is supplied, @code{Staff} is the default,
but you may wish to apply the accidental style to a single @code{Voice}
instead.
-@c TODO: we should create a very clear example, and show every
-@c accidental style on that example (with the example specially
-@c constructed so that it illustrates all the differences). -gp
+The following accidental styles are supported:
-The following accidental styles are supported
@table @code
@item default
This is the default typesetting behavior. It corresponds
remembered to the end of the measure in which they occur and
only on their own octave.
+@lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
+musicA = { << \relative { cis'8 fis, d'4 <a cis>8 f bis4 | cis2. <c, g'>4 | } \\
+ \relative { ais'2 cis, | fis8 b a4 cis2 | } >> }
+
+musicB = { \clef bass \new Voice { \voiceTwo \relative { < fis, a cis>4
+ \change Staff = up cis' \change Staff = down <fis, a>
+ \change Staff = up dis' | \change Staff = down <fis, a cis>4 gis
+ <f a d>2 | } }}
+
+\score {
+ \new PianoStaff {
+ << \context Staff = "up" {
+ %#(set-accidental-style 'default)
+ \musicA }
+ \context Staff = "down"{
+ %#(set-accidental-style 'default)
+ \musicB } >> }
+ \header { piece = \markup {\fill-line { \fontsize #3 "'default" }}}
+}
+@end lilypond
+
@item voice
The normal behavior is to remember the accidentals on
Staff-level. This variable, however, typesets accidentals
individually for each voice. Apart from that, the rule is similar to
@code{default}.
+@example
+ \new Staff <<
+ #(set-accidental-style 'voice)
+ @{ @dots{} @}
+ >>
+@end example
+
As a result, accidentals from one voice do not get canceled in other
-voices, which is often an unwanted result
-
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,relative=1,fragment,verbatim]
-\new Staff <<
- #(set-accidental-style 'voice)
- <<
- { es g } \\
- { c, e }
->> >>
+voices, which is often an unwanted result: in the following example, it
+is hard to determine whether the second @samp{a} should be played
+natural or sharp.
+
+@lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
+musicA = { << \relative { cis'8 fis, d'4 <a cis>8 f bis4 | cis2. <c, g'>4 | } \\
+ \relative { ais'2 cis, | fis8 b a4 cis2 | } >> }
+
+musicB = { \clef bass \new Voice { \voiceTwo \relative { < fis, a cis>4
+ \change Staff = up cis' \change Staff = down <fis, a>
+ \change Staff = up dis' | \change Staff = down <fis, a cis>4 gis
+ <f a d>2 | } }}
+
+\score {
+ \new PianoStaff {
+ << \context Staff = "up" {
+ #(set-accidental-style 'voice)
+ \musicA }
+ \context Staff = "down"{
+ #(set-accidental-style 'voice)
+ \musicB } >> }
+ \header { piece = \markup {\fill-line { \fontsize #3 "'voice" }}}
+}
@end lilypond
The @code{voice} option should be used if the voices
prints the same accidentals as @code{default}, but temporary
accidentals also are canceled in other octaves. Furthermore,
in the same octave, they also get canceled in the following
-measure
+measure: in the following example, notice the two natural signs which appear
+in the second bar of the upper staff.
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
-#(set-accidental-style 'modern)
-cis' c'' cis'2 | c'' c'
+@lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
+musicA = { << \relative { cis'8 fis, d'4 <a cis>8 f bis4 | cis2. <c, g'>4 | } \\
+ \relative { ais'2 cis, | fis8 b a4 cis2 | } >> }
+
+musicB = { \clef bass \new Voice { \voiceTwo \relative { < fis, a cis>4
+ \change Staff = up cis' \change Staff = down <fis, a>
+ \change Staff = up dis' | \change Staff = down <fis, a cis>4 gis
+ <f a d>2 | } }}
+
+\score {
+ \new PianoStaff {
+ << \context Staff = "up" {
+ #(set-accidental-style 'modern)
+ \musicA }
+ \context Staff = "down"{
+ #(set-accidental-style 'modern)
+ \musicB } >> }
+ \header { piece = \markup {\fill-line { \fontsize #3 "'modern" }}}
+}
@end lilypond
@item @code{modern-cautionary}
@funindex modern-cautionary
This rule is similar to @code{modern}, but the @q{extra} accidentals
(the ones not typeset by @code{default}) are typeset as cautionary
-accidentals. They are printed in reduced size or with parentheses
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
-#(set-accidental-style 'modern-cautionary)
-cis' c'' cis'2 | c'' c'
+accidentals. They are printed in reduced size or (by default)
+with parentheses -- this can be set by definig the @code{cautionary-style}
+property of the @internalsref{AccidentalSuggestion} object.
+
+@lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
+musicA = { << \relative { cis'8 fis, d'4 <a cis>8 f bis4 | cis2. <c, g'>4 | } \\
+ \relative { ais'2 cis, | fis8 b a4 cis2 | } >> }
+
+musicB = { \clef bass \new Voice { \voiceTwo \relative { < fis, a cis>4
+ \change Staff = up cis' \change Staff = down <fis, a>
+ \change Staff = up dis' | \change Staff = down <fis, a cis>4 gis
+ <f a d>2 | } }}
+
+\score {
+ \new PianoStaff {
+ << \context Staff = "up" {
+ #(set-accidental-style 'modern-cautionary)
+ \musicA }
+ \context Staff = "down"{
+ #(set-accidental-style 'modern-cautionary)
+ \musicB } >> }
+ \header { piece = \markup {\fill-line { \fontsize #3 "'modern-cautionary" }}}
+}
@end lilypond
@funindex modern-voice
typeset for each voice, but they @emph{are} canceled across voices in
the same @internalsref{Staff}.
+@lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
+musicA = { << \relative { cis'8 fis, d'4 <a cis>8 f bis4 | cis2. <c, g'>4 | } \\
+ \relative { ais'2 cis, | fis8 b a4 cis2 | } >> }
+
+musicB = { \clef bass \new Voice { \voiceTwo \relative { < fis, a cis>4
+ \change Staff = up cis' \change Staff = down <fis, a>
+ \change Staff = up dis' | \change Staff = down <fis, a cis>4 gis
+ <f a d>2 | } }}
+
+\score {
+ \new PianoStaff {
+ << \context Staff = "up" {
+ #(set-accidental-style 'modern-voice)
+ \musicA }
+ \context Staff = "down"{
+ #(set-accidental-style 'modern-voice)
+ \musicB } >> }
+ \header { piece = \markup {\fill-line { \fontsize #3 "'modern-voice" }}}
+}
+@end lilypond
+
@funindex modern-voice-cautionary
@item modern-voice-cautionary
This rule is the same as @code{modern-voice}, but with the extra
@code{default} @emph{are} typeset by this variable,
some of them are typeset as cautionaries.
+@lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
+musicA = { << \relative { cis'8 fis, d'4 <a cis>8 f bis4 | cis2. <c, g'>4 | } \\
+ \relative { ais'2 cis, | fis8 b a4 cis2 | } >> }
+
+musicB = { \clef bass \new Voice { \voiceTwo \relative { < fis, a cis>4
+ \change Staff = up cis' \change Staff = down <fis, a>
+ \change Staff = up dis' | \change Staff = down <fis, a cis>4 gis
+ <f a d>2 | } }}
+
+\score {
+ \new PianoStaff {
+ << \context Staff = "up" {
+ #(set-accidental-style 'modern-voice-cautionary)
+ \musicA }
+ \context Staff = "down"{
+ #(set-accidental-style 'modern-voice-cautionary)
+ \musicB } >> }
+ \header { piece = \markup {\fill-line { \fontsize #3 "'modern-voice-cautionary" }}}
+}
+@end lilypond
+
@item piano
@funindex piano accidentals
-This rule reflects 20th century practice for piano notation. Very similar to
-@code{modern} but accidentals also get canceled
+This accidental style takes place in a GrandStaff context. However, you have to
+explicitly set it for @emph{each} individual Staff of the GrandStaff:
+
+@example
+\new GrandStaff @{ <<
+ \new Staff = "up" @{ <<
+ #(set-accidental-style 'piano)
+ @{ @dots{} @}
+ >> @}
+ \new Staff = "down"@{ <<
+ #(set-accidental-style 'piano)
+ @{ @dots{} @}
+ >> @}
+>> @}
+@end example
+
+This rule reflects 20th century practice for piano notation. Its behavior is very
+similar to @code{modern} style, but here accidentals also get canceled
across the staves in the same @internalsref{GrandStaff} or
@internalsref{PianoStaff}.
+@lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
+musicA = { << \relative { cis'8 fis, d'4 <a cis>8 f bis4 | cis2. <c, g'>4 | } \\
+ \relative { ais'2 cis, | fis8 b a4 cis2 | } >> }
+
+musicB = { \clef bass \new Voice { \voiceTwo \relative { < fis, a cis>4
+ \change Staff = up cis' \change Staff = down <fis, a>
+ \change Staff = up dis' | \change Staff = down <fis, a cis>4 gis
+ <f a d>2 | } }}
+
+\score {
+ \new PianoStaff {
+ << \context Staff = "up" {
+ #(set-accidental-style 'piano)
+ \musicA }
+ \context Staff = "down"{
+ #(set-accidental-style 'piano)
+ \musicB } >> }
+ \header { piece = \markup {\fill-line { \fontsize #3 "'piano" }}}
+}
+@end lilypond
+
@item piano-cautionary
@funindex #(set-accidental-style 'piano-cautionary)
Same as @code{#(set-accidental-style 'piano)} but with the extra
accidentals typeset as cautionaries.
+@lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
+musicA = { << \relative { cis'8 fis, d'4 <a cis>8 f bis4 | cis2. <c, g'>4 | } \\
+ \relative { ais'2 cis, | fis8 b a4 cis2 | } >> }
+
+musicB = { \clef bass \new Voice { \voiceTwo \relative { < fis, a cis>4
+ \change Staff = up cis' \change Staff = down <fis, a>
+ \change Staff = up dis' | \change Staff = down <fis, a cis>4 gis
+ <f a d>2 | } }}
+
+\score {
+ \new PianoStaff {
+ << \context Staff = "up" {
+ #(set-accidental-style 'piano-cautionary)
+ \musicA }
+ \context Staff = "down"{
+ #(set-accidental-style 'piano-cautionary)
+ \musicB } >> }
+ \header { piece = \markup {\fill-line { \fontsize #3 "'piano-cautionary" }}}
+}
+@end lilypond
+
@item no-reset
@funindex no-reset accidental style
This is the same as @code{default} but with accidentals lasting
-@q{forever} and not only until the next measure
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim,relative=1]
-#(set-accidental-style 'no-reset)
-c1 cis cis c
+@q{forever} and not only until the next measure:
+@lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
+musicA = { << \relative { cis'8 fis, d'4 <a cis>8 f bis4 | cis2. <c, g'>4 | } \\
+ \relative { ais'2 cis, | fis8 b a4 cis2 | } >> }
+
+musicB = { \clef bass \new Voice { \voiceTwo \relative { < fis, a cis>4
+ \change Staff = up cis' \change Staff = down <fis, a>
+ \change Staff = up dis' | \change Staff = down <fis, a cis>4 gis
+ <f a d>2 | } }}
+
+\score {
+ \new PianoStaff {
+ << \context Staff = "up" {
+ #(set-accidental-style 'no-reset)
+ \musicA }
+ \context Staff = "down"{
+ #(set-accidental-style 'no-reset)
+ \musicB } >> }
+ \header { piece = \markup {\fill-line { \fontsize #3 "'no-reset" }}}
+}
@end lilypond
@item forget
typeset relative to the key signature, regardless of what was
before in the music
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim,relative=1]
-#(set-accidental-style 'forget)
-\key d\major c4 c cis cis d d dis dis
+@lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
+musicA = { << \relative { cis'8 fis, d'4 <a cis>8 f bis4 | cis2. <c, g'>4 | } \\
+ \relative { ais'2 cis, | fis8 b a4 cis2 | } >> }
+
+musicB = { \clef bass \new Voice { \voiceTwo \relative { < fis, a cis>4
+ \change Staff = up cis' \change Staff = down <fis, a>
+ \change Staff = up dis' | \change Staff = down <fis, a cis>4 gis
+ <f a d>2 | } }}
+
+\score {
+ \new PianoStaff {
+ << \context Staff = "up" {
+ #(set-accidental-style 'forget)
+ \musicA }
+ \context Staff = "down"{
+ #(set-accidental-style 'forget)
+ \musicB } >> }
+ \header { piece = \markup {\fill-line { \fontsize #3 "'forget" }}}
+}
@end lilypond
@end table
@seealso
Program reference: @internalsref{Accidental_engraver},
-@internalsref{Accidental}, and @internalsref{AccidentalPlacement}.
+@internalsref{Accidental}, @internalsref{AccidentalSuggestion} and @internalsref{AccidentalPlacement}.
@refbugs
* Changing context default settings::
* Defining new contexts::
* Aligning contexts::
+* Vertical grouping of grobs::
@end menu
@code{NoteHead}, and @var{property} is an internal variable of the
formatting system (@q{grob property} or @q{layout property}). The latter is a
symbol, so it must be quoted. The subsection @ref{Constructing a
-tweak} explains what to fill in for @var{name}, @var{property}, and
+tweak}, explains what to fill in for @var{name}, @var{property}, and
@var{value}. Here we only discuss the functionality of this command.
The command
The @code{\RemoveEmptyStaffContext} will overwrite your current
@code{\Staff} settings. If you wish to change the defaults for a
staff which uses @code{\RemoveEmptyStaffContext}, you must do so
-after calling @code{\RemoveemptyStaffContext}, ie
+after calling @code{\RemoveEmptyStaffContext}, ie
@example
\layout @{
@end lilypond
+@node Vertical grouping of grobs
+@subsection Vertical grouping of grobs
+
+The VerticalAlignment and VerticalAxisGroup grobs work together.
+VerticalAxisGroup groups together different grobs like Staff, Lyrics,
+etc. VerticalAlignment then vertically aligns the different grobs
+grouped together by VerticalAxisGroup. There is usually only one
+VerticalAlignment per score but every Staff, Lyrics, etc. has its own
+VerticalAxisGroup.
+
@node The \override command
@section The @code{\override} command
* Determining the grob property::
* Objects connected to the input::
* Using Scheme code instead of \tweak::
-* \set versus \override::
+* \set versus \override::
* Difficult tweaks::
@end menu
applied.
This technique only works for objects that are directly connected to
-an @internalsref{event} from the input, for example
+an @internalsref{Event} from the input, for example
@itemize @bullet
@item note heads, caused by chord-pitch (i.e., notes inside a chord)
@end example
@noindent
-does not change color. See @ref{Displaying music expressions} for
+does not change color. See @ref{Displaying music expressions}, for
details.
@item Some objects cannot be changed with @code{\override} for
-technical reasons. Examples of those are @code{NonMusicalPaperColumn}
+technical reasons. Examples of those are @code{NonMusicalPaperColumn}
and @code{PaperColumn}. They can be changed with the
-@code{\outputProperty} function, which works similar to @code{\once
-\override}, but uses a different syntax,
+@code{\overrideProperty} function, which works similar to @code{\once
+\override}, but uses a different syntax.
@example
-\outputProperty
+\overrideProperty
#"Score.NonMusicalPaperColumn" % Grob name
#'line-break-system-details % Property name
#'((next-padding . 20)) % Value
@end example
+Note, however, that @code{\override}, applied to
+@code{NoteMusicalPaperColumn} and @code{PaperColumn}, still works as
+expected within @code{\context} blocks.
+
@end itemize
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