* Augmentation dots::
* Tuplets::
* Scaling durations::
-* Stems::
+* Stems::
@end menu
c
cis
cisis
+bes dis, eeses' ais,
@end lilypond
There are predefined sets of note names for various other languages.
ceses4 ces cis c
@end lilypond
+@cindex Musica ficta
+
+Suggested accidentals (used in notating musica ficta) may
+be written with @code{suggestAccidentals}
+
+@lilypond[fragment,quote,ragged-right,verbatim,relative=2]
+\set suggestAccidentals = ##t
+ais4 bis
+@end lilypond
+
@seealso
question mark `@code{?}' after the pitch. These extra accidentals
can be used to produce natural signs, too.
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
-cis' cis' cis'! cis'? c c? c! c
+@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim,relative=1]
+cis cis cis! cis? c c? c! c
@end lilypond
\times 2/3 { c8 c c c c c }
@end lilypond
+@noindent
+For more information about @code{make-moment}, see
+@ref{Time administration}.
+
The format of the number is determined by the property
@code{tupletNumberFormatFunction}. The default prints only the
denominator, but if it is set to the Scheme function
* Barnumber check::
* Skipping corrected music::
* Automatic note splitting::
+* Writing music in parallel::
@end menu
found. In the output, the octave is corrected to be a @code{d''} and
the next note is calculated relative to @code{d''} instead of @code{d'}.
-There is also a syntax that is separate from the notes. The syntax
+There is also an octave check that produces no visible output. The syntax
@example
\octave @var{pitch}
This checks that @var{pitch} (without quotes) yields @var{pitch} (with
quotes) in \relative mode. If not, a warning is printed, and the
-octave is corrected.
+octave is corrected. The @var{pitch} is not printed as a note.
In the example below, the first check passes without incident, since
the @code{e} (in relative mode) is within a fifth of @code{a'}. However,
@end example
Consider a part written for violin (a C instrument). If
-this part is to be played on the A clarinet, the following
+this part is to be played on the A clarinet (for which an
+A is notated as a C, and which sounds a minor third lower
+than notated), the following
transposition will produce the appropriate part
@example
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
mus = { \key d \major cis d fis g }
-\context Staff {
+\new Staff {
\clef "F" \mus
\clef "G"
\transpose c g' \mus
@cindex @code{skipTypesetting}
@cindex @code{showLastLength}
-When entering or copying music, only the music near the end (where you
+When entering or copying music, usually only the music near the end (where you
are adding notes) is interesting to view and correct. To speed up
this correction process, it is possible to skip typesetting of all but
the last few measures. This is achieved by putting
fashing with the property @code{Score.skipTypesetting}. When it is
set, no typesetting is performed at all.
+This property is also used to control output to the MIDI file. Note that
+it skips all events, including tempo and instrument changes. You have
+been warned.
+
@lilypond[quote,fragment,ragged-right,verbatim]
\relative c'' {
c8 d
Program reference: @internalsref{Completion_heads_engraver}.
+@node Writing music in parallel
+@subsection Writing music in parallel
+@cindex Writing music in parallel
+@cindex Interleaved music
+
+Music for multiple parts can be interleaved
+
+@lilypond[quote,fragment,verbatim]
+\parallelMusic #'(voiceA voiceB) {
+ r8 g'16[ c''] e''[ g' c'' e''] r8 g'16[ c''] e''[ g' c'' e''] |
+ c'2 c'2 |
+ r8 a'16[ d''] f''[ a' d'' f''] r8 a'16[ d''] f''[ a' d'' f''] |
+ c'2 c'2 |
+}
+\new StaffGroup <<
+ \new Staff \new Voice \voiceA
+ \new Staff \new Voice \voiceB
+>>
+@end lilypond
+
@node Staff notation
@section Staff notation
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
<<
- \context StaffGroup <<
+ \new StaffGroup <<
\new Staff {
e'4 d'
\bar "||"
* Ties::
* Slurs::
* Phrasing slurs::
+* Laissez vibrer ties::
* Automatic beams::
* Manual beams::
* Grace notes::
mechanism automatically splits long notes, and ties them across bar
lines.
+When a second alternative of a repeat starts with a tied note, you
+have to repeat the tie. This can be achieved with @code{\repeatTie},
+eg.
+
+@lilypond[fragment,quote,ragged-right,relative=2]
+r <c e g>\repeatTie
+@end lilypond
+
+@cindex repeating ties
+@cindex volta brackets and ties
@commonprop
Program reference: @internalsref{PhrasingSlur}.
+@node Laissez vibrer ties
+@subsection Laissez vibrer ties
+@cindex Laissez vibrer
+@cindex Ties, laissez vibrer
+
+L.v. ties (laissez vibrer) indicate that notes must not be damped at the
+end. It is used in notation for piano, harp and other string and
+percussion instruments. They can be entered using @code{\laissezVibrer},
+
+@lilypond[fragment,ragged-right,verbatim,relative=1]
+<c f g>\laissezVibrer
+@end lilypond
+
+@seealso
+
+Program reference:
+@internalsref{LaissezVibrerTie}
+@internalsref{LaissezVibrerTieColumn}
+
+Example files:
+@inputfileref{input/regression,laissez-vibrer-tie.ly}
+
+
@node Automatic beams
@subsection Automatic beams
@end lilypond
@cindex @code{subdivideBeams}
+@noindent
+For more information about @code{make-moment}, see
+@ref{Time administration}.
+
Line breaks are normally forbidden when beams cross bar lines. This
behavior can be changed by setting @code{allowBeamBreak}.
The same effect can be achieved manually by doing
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim,relative=2]
-\context Voice {
+\new Voice {
<< { d1^\trill_( }
{ s2 \grace { c16[ d] } } >>
c4)
@refbugs
A score that starts with a @code{\grace} section needs an explicit
-@code{\context Voice} declaration, otherwise the main note and the grace
+@code{\new Voice} declaration, otherwise the main note and the grace
note end up on different staves.
Grace note synchronization can also lead to surprises. Staff notation,
* Fingering instructions::
* Dynamics::
* Breath marks::
-* Running trills::
+* Trills::
* Glissando::
* Arpeggio::
@end menu
Examples: @inputfileref{input/@/regression,breathing@/-sign@/.ly}.
-@node Running trills
-@subsection Running trills
+@node Trills
+@subsection Trills
+
+Short trills are printed like normal articulation; see @ref{Articulations}.
Long running trills are made with @code{\startTrillSpan} and
@code{\stopTrillSpan},
c4 }
@end lilypond
+@cindex Pitched trills
+
+Trills that should be executed on an explicitly specified pitch can be
+typeset with the command @code{pitchedTrill},
+
+@lilypond[ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,relative=1]
+\pitchedTrill c4\startTrillSpan fis
+f\stopTrillSpan
+@end lilypond
+
+The first argument is the main note. The pitch of the second
+is printed as a stemless note head in parentheses.
+
@refcommands
@seealso
-This manual: @ref{Pitched trills}.
-
Program reference: @internalsref{TrillSpanner}.
arrowhead to the wiggly line
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=1,verbatim]
-\context Voice {
+\new Voice {
\arpeggioUp
<c e g c>\arpeggio
\arpeggioDown
@internalsref{PianoStaff}.@code{connectArpeggios}
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=1,verbatim]
-\context PianoStaff <<
+\new PianoStaff <<
\set PianoStaff.connectArpeggios = ##t
\new Staff { <c' e g c>\arpeggio }
\new Staff { \clef bass <c,, e g>\arpeggio }
@example
<<
- \context Voice = "1" @{ \voiceOne \upper @}
- \context Voice = "2" @{ \voiceTwo \lower @}
+ \new Voice = "1" @{ \voiceOne \upper @}
+ \new Voice = "2" @{ \voiceTwo \lower @}
>>
@end example
\voiceOne
<<
{ g4 f e | d2 e2 }
- \context Voice="1" { \voiceTwo
+ \new Voice="1" { \voiceTwo
r8 e4 d c8 ~ | c8 b16 a b8 g ~ g2
\oneVoice
}
when the object property @code{merge-differently-dotted} is set in
the @internalsref{NoteCollision} object, they are merged
@lilypond[quote,verbatim,fragment,ragged-right,relative=2]
-\context Voice << {
+\new Voice << {
g8 g8
\override Staff.NoteCollision
#'merge-differently-dotted = ##t
Similarly, you can merge half note heads with eighth notes, by setting
@code{merge-differently-headed}
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2,verbatim]
-\context Voice << {
+\new Voice << {
c8 c4.
\override Staff.NoteCollision
#'merge-differently-headed = ##t
for example
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
-\context Voice << c''4 \\ r4 >>
+\new Voice << c''4 \\ r4 >>
@end lilypond
@end lilypond
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim,relative=2]
-\context Staff {
+\new Staff {
\partial 4
\repeat volta 4 { e | c2 d2 | e2 f2 | }
\alternative { { g4 g g } { a | a a a a | b2. } }
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