c1
@end lilypond
-@funindex '
-@funindex ,
+@findex '
+@findex ,
The optional octave specification takes the form of a series of
single quote (`@code{'}') characters or a series of comma
@cindex accidental, cautionary
@cindex accidental, parenthesized
@cindex reminder accidental
-@funindex ?
+@findex ?
@cindex cautionary accidental
@cindex parenthesized accidental
-@funindex !
+@findex !
Normally accidentals are printed automatically, but you may also
print them manually. A reminder accidental
@cindex Relative
@cindex Relative octave specification
-@funindex \relative
+@findex \relative
Octaves are specified by adding @code{'} and @code{,} to pitch names.
When you copy existing music, it is easy to accidentally put a pitch
@cindex Transpose
@cindex Transposition of pitches
-@funindex \transpose
+@findex \transpose
A music expression can be transposed with @code{\transpose}. The
syntax is
@subsection Rests
@cindex Rests
-@funindex \rest
-@funindex r
+@findex \rest
+@findex r
Rests are entered like notes with the note name @code{r}
@cindex Skip
@cindex Invisible rest
@cindex Space note
-@funindex \skip
-@funindex s
+@findex \skip
+@findex s
An invisible rest (also called a `skip') can be entered like a note
with note name `@code{s}' or with @code{\skip @var{duration}}
@subsection Durations
@cindex duration
-@funindex \longa
-@funindex \breve
-@funindex \maxima
+@findex \longa
+@findex \breve
+@findex \maxima
In Note, Chord, and Lyrics mode, durations are designated by numbers and
dots: durations are entered as their reciprocal values. For example, a
@node Augmentation dots
@subsection Augmentation dots
-@funindex .
+@findex .
To obtain dotted note lengths, simply add a dot (`@code{.}') to
the number. Double-dotted notes are produced in a similar way.
situations. The following commands may be used to force a particular
direction manually
-@funindex \dotsUp
+@findex \dotsUp
@code{\dotsUp},
-@funindex \dotsDown
+@findex \dotsDown
@code{\dotsDown},
-@funindex \dotsNeutral
+@findex \dotsNeutral
@code{\dotsNeutral}.
@seealso
@cindex tuplets
@cindex triplets
-@funindex \times
+@findex \times
Tuplets are made out of a music expression by multiplying all durations
with a fraction
@refcommands
-@funindex \tupletUp
+@findex \tupletUp
@code{\tupletUp},
-@funindex \tupletDown
+@findex \tupletDown
@code{\tupletDown},
-@funindex \tupletNeutral
+@findex \tupletNeutral
@code{\tupletNeutral}.
@commonprop
-@funindex tupletNumberFormatFunction
+@findex tupletNumberFormatFunction
@cindex tuplet formatting
The property @code{tupletSpannerDuration} specifies how long each
@subsection Bar check
@cindex Bar check
-@funindex barCheckSynchronize
-@funindex |
+@findex barCheckSynchronize
+@findex |
Bar checks help detect errors in the durations. A bar check is
entered using the bar symbol, `@code{|}'. Whenever it is encountered
especially if the score is polyphonic, so a good place to start correcting
input is by scanning for failed bar checks and incorrect durations.
-@funindex |
-@funindex pipeSymbol
+@findex |
+@findex pipeSymbol
It is also possible to redefine the meaning of @code{|}. This is done
by assigning a music expression to @code{pipeSymbol},
@refcommands
-@funindex \stemUp
+@findex \stemUp
@code{\stemUp},
-@funindex \stemDown
+@findex \stemDown
@code{\stemDown},
-@funindex \stemNeutral
+@findex \stemNeutral
@code{\stemNeutral}.
is to enter each voice as a sequence (with @code{@{...@}}), and combine
them simultaneously, separating the voices with @code{\\}
-@funindex \\
+@findex \\
@lilypond[quote,verbatim,fragment]
\new Staff \relative c' {
voice in the first @code{<< \\ >>} construct is effective in the second
@code{<< \\ >>}, and the voice is tied across the two constructs.
-@cindex note heads, styles
-
@lilypond[quote,verbatim,fragment]
\new Staff \relative c' {
\override NoteHead #'style = #'cross
@refcommands
-@funindex \oneVoice
+@findex \oneVoice
@code{\oneVoice},
-@funindex \voiceOne
+@findex \voiceOne
@code{\voiceOne},
-@funindex \voiceTwo
+@findex \voiceTwo
@code{\voiceTwo},
-@funindex \voiceThree
+@findex \voiceThree
@code{\voiceThree},
-@funindex \voiceFour
+@findex \voiceFour
@code{\voiceFour}.
-@funindex \shiftOn
+@findex \shiftOn
@code{\shiftOn},
-@funindex \shiftOnn
+@findex \shiftOnn
@code{\shiftOnn},
-@funindex \shiftOnnn
+@findex \shiftOnnn
@code{\shiftOnnn},
-@funindex \shiftOff
+@findex \shiftOff
@code{\shiftOff}: these commands specify in what chords of the current
voice should be shifted. The outer voices (normally: voice one and
two) have @code{\shiftOff}, while the inner voices (three and four)
* Unmetered music::
* System start delimiters::
* Staff symbol::
-* Writing music in parallel::
@end menu
@node Clef
@subsection Clef
-@funindex \clef
+@findex \clef
The clef indicates which lines of the staff correspond to which
pitches. The clef is set with the @code{\clef} command
@subsection Key signature
@cindex Key signature
-@funindex \key
+@findex \key
The key signature indicates the tonality in which a piece is played. It
is denoted by a set of alterations (flats or sharps) at the start of the
@code{\key} @var{pitch} @var{type}
@end example
-@funindex \minor
-@funindex \major
-@funindex \minor
-@funindex \ionian
-@funindex \locrian
-@funindex \aeolian
-@funindex \mixolydian
-@funindex \lydian
-@funindex \phrygian
-@funindex \dorian
+@findex \minor
+@findex \major
+@findex \minor
+@findex \ionian
+@findex \locrian
+@findex \aeolian
+@findex \mixolydian
+@findex \lydian
+@findex \phrygian
+@findex \dorian
@cindex church modes
Here, @var{type} should be @code{\major} or @code{\minor} to get
@cindex Time signature
@cindex meter
-@funindex \time
+@findex \time
Time signature indicates the metrum of a piece: a regular pattern of
strong and weak beats. It is denoted by a fraction at the start of the
@cindex partial measure
@cindex measure, partial
@cindex shorten measures
-@funindex \partial
+@findex \partial
Partial measures, such as an anacrusis or upbeat, are entered using the
@subsection Bar lines
@cindex Bar lines
-@funindex \bar
+@findex \bar
@cindex measure lines
@cindex repeat bars
@commonprop
-@funindex whichBar
-@funindex repeatCommands
-@funindex defaultBarType
+@findex whichBar
+@findex repeatCommands
+@findex defaultBarType
The command @code{\bar }@var{bartype} is a short cut for doing
@code{\set Timing.whichBar = }@var{bartype}. Whenever @code{whichBar}
@subsection Unmetered music
@cindex cadenza
-@funindex \cadenzaOn
-@funindex \cadenzaOff
+@findex \cadenzaOn
+@findex \cadenzaOff
Bar lines and bar numbers are calculated automatically. For unmetered
music (cadenzas, for example), this is not desirable. To turn off
@inputfileref{input/@/regression,staff@/-line@/-positions@/.ly}.
-@node Writing music in parallel
-@subsection Writing music in parallel
-
-@cindex Writing music in parallel
-@cindex Interleaved music
-
-Music for multiple parts can be interleaved
-
-@lilypond[quote,fragment,verbatim]
-\parallelMusic #'(voiceA voiceB) {
- r8 g'16[ c''] e''[ g' c'' e''] r8 g'16[ c''] e''[ g' c'' e''] |
- c'2 c'2 |
- r8 a'16[ d''] f''[ a' d'' f''] r8 a'16[ d''] f''[ a' d'' f''] |
- c'2 c'2 |
-}
-\new StaffGroup <<
- \new Staff \new Voice \voiceA
- \new Staff \new Voice \voiceB
->>
-@end lilypond
-
-
@node Connecting notes
@section Connecting notes
@subsection Ties
@cindex tie
-@funindex ~
+@findex ~
A tie connects two adjacent note heads of the same pitch. The tie in
effect extends the length of a note. Ties should not be confused with
@refcommands
-@funindex \tieUp
+@findex \tieUp
@code{\tieUp},
-@funindex \tieDown
+@findex \tieDown
@code{\tieDown},
-@funindex \tieNeutral
+@findex \tieNeutral
@code{\tieNeutral},
-@funindex \tieDotted
+@findex \tieDotted
@code{\tieDotted},
-@funindex \tieDashed
+@findex \tieDashed
@code{\tieDashed},
-@funindex \tieSolid
+@findex \tieSolid
@code{\tieSolid}.
@refcommands
-@funindex \slurUp
+@findex \slurUp
@code{\slurUp},
-@funindex \slurDown
+@findex \slurDown
@code{\slurDown},
-@funindex \slurNeutral
+@findex \slurNeutral
@code{\slurNeutral},
-@funindex \slurDashed
+@findex \slurDashed
@code{\slurDashed},
-@funindex \slurDotted
+@findex \slurDotted
@code{\slurDotted},
-@funindex \slurSolid
+@findex \slurSolid
@code{\slurSolid}.
@seealso
@refcommands
-@funindex \phrasingSlurUp
+@findex \phrasingSlurUp
@code{\phrasingSlurUp},
-@funindex \phrasingSlurDown
+@findex \phrasingSlurDown
@code{\phrasingSlurDown},
-@funindex \phrasingSlurNeutral
+@findex \phrasingSlurNeutral
@code{\phrasingSlurNeutral}.
@subsection Manual beams
@cindex beams, manual
-@funindex ]
-@funindex [
+@findex ]
+@findex [
In some cases it may be necessary to override the automatic beaming
algorithm. For example, the autobeamer will not put beams over rests
@commonprop
-@funindex stemLeftBeamCount
-@funindex stemRightBeamCount
+@findex stemLeftBeamCount
+@findex stemRightBeamCount
Normally, beaming patterns within a beam are determined automatically.
If necessary, the properties @code{stemLeftBeamCount} and
\set Score.beatLength = #(ly:make-moment 1 8)
c16[ c c c c c c c]
@end lilypond
-@funindex subdivideBeams
+@findex subdivideBeams
@noindent
For more information about @code{make-moment}, see
Line breaks are normally forbidden when beams cross bar lines. This
behavior can be changed by setting @code{allowBeamBreak}.
-@funindex allowBeamBreak
+@findex allowBeamBreak
@cindex beams and line breaks
@cindex beams, kneed
@cindex kneed beams
@node Grace notes
@subsection Grace notes
-@funindex \grace
+@findex \grace
@cindex ornaments
@cindex grace notes
@cindex appoggiatura
\new Staff { c4 \grace { g8[ b] } c4 } >>
@end lilypond
-@funindex \afterGrace
+@findex \afterGrace
If you want to end a note with a grace, use the @code{\afterGrace}
command. It takes two arguments: the main note, and the grace notes
@subsection Dynamics
@cindex Dynamics
-@funindex \pppp
-@funindex \ppp
-@funindex \pp
-@funindex \p
-@funindex \mp
-@funindex \mf
-@funindex \f
-@funindex \ff
-@funindex \fff
-@funindex \ffff
-@funindex \fp
-@funindex \sf
-@funindex \sff
-@funindex \sp
-@funindex \spp
-@funindex \sfz
-@funindex \rfz
+@findex \pppp
+@findex \ppp
+@findex \pp
+@findex \p
+@findex \mp
+@findex \mf
+@findex \f
+@findex \ff
+@findex \fff
+@findex \ffff
+@findex \fp
+@findex \sf
+@findex \sff
+@findex \sp
+@findex \spp
+@findex \sfz
+@findex \rfz
Absolute dynamic marks are specified using a command after a note
@code{c4\ff}. The available dynamic marks are @code{\ppppp},
c2\fp c\sf c\sff c\sp c\spp c\sfz c\rfz
@end lilypond
-@funindex \<
-@funindex \>
-@funindex \!
+@findex \<
+@findex \>
+@findex \!
A crescendo mark is started with @code{\<} and terminated with
@code{\!} or an absolute dynamic. A decrescendo is started with
@refcommands
-@funindex \dynamicUp
+@findex \dynamicUp
@code{\dynamicUp},
-@funindex \dynamicDown
+@findex \dynamicDown
@code{\dynamicDown},
-@funindex \dynamicNeutral
+@findex \dynamicNeutral
@code{\dynamicNeutral}.
@refcommands
@code{\startTrillSpan},
-@funindex \startTrillSpan
+@findex \startTrillSpan
@code{\stopTrillSpan}.
-@funindex \stopTrillSpan
+@findex \stopTrillSpan
@seealso
@subsection Glissando
@cindex Glissando
-@funindex \glissando
+@findex \glissando
A glissando is a smooth change in pitch. It is denoted by a line or a
wavy line between two notes. It is requested by attaching
@cindex Arpeggio
@cindex broken chord
-@funindex \arpeggio
+@findex \arpeggio
You can specify an arpeggio sign (also known as broken chord) on a
chord by attaching an @code{\arpeggio} to a chord
@refcommands
@code{\arpeggio},
-@funindex \arpeggioUp
+@findex \arpeggioUp
@code{\arpeggioUp},
-@funindex \arpeggioDown
+@findex \arpeggioDown
@code{\arpeggioDown},
-@funindex \arpeggioNeutral
+@findex \arpeggioNeutral
@code{\arpeggioNeutral},
-@funindex \arpeggioBracket
+@findex \arpeggioBracket
@code{\arpeggioBracket}.
@subsection Repeat types
@cindex repeats
-@funindex \repeat
+@findex \repeat
The following types of repetition are supported
@end example
If you have alternative endings, you may add
-@funindex \alternative
+@findex \alternative
@example
\alternative @{
@var{alternative1}
@subsection Repeats and MIDI
@cindex expanding repeats
-@funindex \unfoldRepeats
+@findex \unfoldRepeats
With a little bit of tweaking, all types of repeats can be present
in the MIDI output. This is achieved by applying the
@node Manual repeat commands
@subsection Manual repeat commands
-@funindex repeatCommands
+@findex repeatCommands
The property @code{repeatCommands} can be used to control the layout of
repeats. Its value is a Scheme list of repeat commands.
@subsection Tremolo subdivisions
@cindex tremolo marks
-@funindex tremoloFlags
+@findex tremoloFlags
Tremolo marks can be printed on a single note by adding
`@code{:}[@var{number}]' after the note. The number indicates the
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff