@ref{Rehearsal marks},
but it can also be used to put signs like coda,
segno, and fermata on a bar line. Use @code{\markup} to
-access the appropriate symbol
+access the appropriate symbol (symbols are listed in
+@ref{The Feta font})
@lilypond[fragment,quote,ragged-right,verbatim,relative=2]
c1 \mark \markup { \musicglyph #"scripts.ufermata" }
#'break-visibility = #begin-of-line-invisible
\override Score.RehearsalMark #'self-alignment-X = #right
- \set Staff.instrument = \markup{ \column{ Alto solo } }
+ \set Staff.instrumentName = \markup{ \column{ Alto solo } }
c2^\markup{ don't be \flat }
\override TextSpanner #'edge-text = #(cons (markup #:italic "rit" ) "")
b2\startTextSpan
}
@end lilypond
-Text can also be placed on its own, away from any @code{\score}
-block. This is primarily used in a @code{\book} (see
-@ref{Multiple movements}).
+A @code{\markup} command can also be placed on its own, away from any
+@code{\score} block, see @ref{Multiple scores in a book}.
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
\markup{ Here is some text. }
@noindent
Any font can be used, as long as it is available to Pango/FontConfig.
+To get a full list of all available fonts, run the command
+@example
+lilypond -dshow-available-fonts blabla
+@end example
+(the last argument of the command can be anything, but has to be present).
+
The size of the font may be set with the @code{font-size}
property. The resulting size is taken relative to the
and @code{format-mark-circle-barnumbers} to get bar numbers instead of
incremented numbers or letters.
+@cindex segno
+@cindex coda
+@cindex D.S al Fine
+
+Music glyphs (such as the segno sign) may be printed inside
+a @code{\mark}
+
+@lilypond[fragment,quote,ragged-right,verbatim,relative]
+c1 \mark \markup { \musicglyph #"scripts.segno" }
+c1 \mark \markup { \musicglyph #"scripts.coda" }
+c1 \mark \markup { \musicglyph #"scripts.ufermata" }
+c1
+@end lilypond
+
+@noindent
+See @ref{The Feta font} for a list of symbols which may be
+printed with @code{\musicglyph}.
+
+The horizontal location of rehearsal marks can be adjusted by
+setting @code{break-align-symbol}
+
+@lilypond[fragment,quote,ragged-right,verbatim,relative]
+c1
+\key cis \major
+\clef alto
+\override Score.RehearsalMark #'break-align-symbol = #'key-signature
+\mark "on-key"
+cis
+\key ces \major
+\override Score.RehearsalMark #'break-align-symbol = #'clef
+\clef treble
+\mark "on clef"
+ces
+@end lilypond
+
+@code{break-align-symbol} may also accept the following values:
+@code{ambitus}, @code{breathing-sign}, @code{clef}, @code{custos},
+@code{staff-bar}, @code{left-edge}, @code{key-cancellation},
+@code{key-signature}, and @code{time-signature}. Setting
+@code{break-align-symbol} will only have an effect if the symbol
+appears at that point in the music.
+
@seealso
number itself is stored in the @code{currentBarNumber} property, which
is normally updated automatically for every measure.
+@lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote,fragment,relative]
+\repeat unfold 4 {c4 c c c} \break
+\set Score.currentBarNumber = #50
+\repeat unfold 4 {c4 c c c}
+@end lilypond
+
+Bar numbers may only be printed at bar lines; to print a bar
+number at the beginning of a piece, an empty bar line must
+be added
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote,fragment,relative]
+\set Score.currentBarNumber = #50
+\bar ""
+\repeat unfold 4 {c4 c c c} \break
+\repeat unfold 4 {c4 c c c}
+@end lilypond
+
Bar numbers can be typeset at regular intervals instead of at the
beginning of each line. This is illustrated in the following example,
whose source is available as
@lilypondfile[ragged-right,quote]{bar-number-regular-interval.ly}
-Bar numbers can be manually changed by setting the
-@code{Staff.currentBarNumber} property
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
-\relative c' {
- \repeat unfold 4 {c4 c c c} \break
- \set Score.currentBarNumber = #50
- \repeat unfold 4 {c4 c c c}
-}
-@end lilypond
-
Bar numbers can be removed entirely by removing the Bar number
engraver from the score.
In an orchestral score, instrument names are printed at the left side
of the staves.
-This can be achieved by setting @internalsref{Staff}.@code{instrument}
-and @internalsref{Staff}.@code{instr}. This will print a string before
-the start of the staff. For the first staff, @code{instrument} is
-used, for the following ones, @code{instr} is used.
+This can be achieved by setting @internalsref{Staff}.@code{instrumentName}
+and @internalsref{Staff}.@code{shortInstrumentName}, or
+@internalsref{PianoStaff}.@code{instrumentName} and
+@internalsref{PianoStaff}.@code{shortInstrumentName}. This will
+print text before
+the start of the staff. For the first staff, @code{instrumentName} is
+used, for the following ones, @code{shortInstrumentName} is used.
@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,relative=1,fragment]
-\set Staff.instrument = "Ploink "
-\set Staff.instr = "Plk "
+\set Staff.instrumentName = "Ploink "
+\set Staff.shortInstrumentName = "Plk "
c1
\break
c''
names, for example
@lilypond[quote,fragment,verbatim,ragged-right]
-\set Staff.instrument = \markup {
+\set Staff.instrumentName = \markup {
\column { "Clarinetti"
\line { "in B" \smaller \flat } } }
c''1
@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
{ <<
\new Staff {
- \set Staff.instrument = \markup {
+ \set Staff.instrumentName = \markup {
\center-align { "Clarinetti"
\line { "in B" \smaller \flat } } }
c''1
}
\new Staff {
- \set Staff.instrument = \markup{ \center-align { Vibraphone }}
+ \set Staff.instrumentName = \markup{ \center-align { Vibraphone }}
c''1
}
>>
\new StaffGroup \relative
<<
\new Staff {
- \set Staff.instrument
- = \markup { \hcenter-in #10 "blabla" }
+ \set Staff.instrumentName = \markup { \hcenter-in #10 "blabla" }
c1 c1
}
\new Staff {
- \set Staff.instrument
- = \markup { \hcenter-in #10 "blo" }
+ \set Staff.instrumentName = \markup { \hcenter-in #10 "blo" }
c1 c1
}
>>
@end lilypond
+To add instrument names to other contexts (such as @code{GrandStaff},
+@code{ChoirStaff}, or @code{StaffGroup}), the engraver must
+be added to that context.
-@seealso
+@example
+\layout@{
+ \context @{\GrandStaff \consists "Instrument_name_engraver"@}
+@}
+@end example
-Program reference: @internalsref{InstrumentName}.
+@noindent
+More information about adding and removing engravers can
+be found in @ref{Modifying context plug-ins}.
-@refbugs
-When you put a name on a grand staff or piano staff, the width of the
-brace is not taken into account. The following property setting can be
-used to move the instrument names to the left, in such situations.
+@seealso
+
+Program reference: @internalsref{InstrumentName}.
-@example
-\override Score.InstrumentName #'padding = #2.0
-@end example
@node Instrument transpositions
}
@end lilypond
-The @code{set-octavation} function also takes -1 (for 8va bassa) and 2
-(for 15ma) as arguments. Internally the function sets the properties
-@code{ottavation} (e.g., to @code{"8va"}) and
+The @code{set-octavation} function also takes -1 (for 8va bassa), 2@tie{}(for 15ma),
+and -2 (for 15ma bassa) as arguments. Internally the function sets the properties
+@code{ottavation} (e.g., to @code{"8va"} or @code{"8vb"}) and
@code{centralCPosition}. For overriding the text of the bracket, set
@code{ottavation} after invoking @code{set-octavation}, i.e.,
Another application is making ossia sections, i.e., alternative
melodies on a separate piece of staff, with help of a Frenched
-staff. See @inputfileref{input/@/test,ossia@/.ly} for an example.
+staff.
@node Quoting other voices
@subsection Quoting other voices
+@cindex cues
+
With quotations, fragments of other parts can be inserted into a part
directly. Before a part can be quoted, it must be marked especially as
quotable. This is done with the @code{\addquote} command.
@node Formatting cue notes
@subsection Formatting cue notes
+@cindex cues, formatting
+
The previous section deals with inserting notes from another voice.
There is a more advanced music function called @code{\cueDuring},
which makes formatting cue notes easier.
microtones, nested tuplet beams, and unusual fermatas, please
see those sections of the documentation.
-
-@c I don't think we should discourage modern composers who might
-@c want to sponsor new features. :)
-@c In general, the use of new, innovative notation makes a piece
-@c harder to understand and perform and its use should therefore be
-@c avoided. For this reason, support for contemporary notation in
-@c LilyPond is limited.
-
-
@menu
* Polymetric notation::
* Time administration::
* Special noteheads::
* Feathered beams::
* Improvisation::
+* Selecting notation font size::
@end menu
@subsection Proportional notation
@cindex Proportional notation
-Notes can be spaced proportional to their time-difference by
+Notes can be spaced proportionally to their time-difference by
assigning a duration to @code{proportionalNotationDuration}
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,relative=2,fragment]
>>
@end lilypond
+Setting this property only affects the ideal spacing between
+consecutive notes. For true proportional notation, the following
+settings are also required.
+
+@itemize @bullet
+
+@item True proportional notation requires that symbols are allowed to
+overstrike each other. That is achieved by removing the
+@internalsref{Separating_line_group_engraver} from
+@internalsref{Staff} context.
+
+@item Spacing influence of prefatory matter (clefs, bar lines, etc.)
+is removed by setting the @code{strict-note-spacing} property to
+@code{#t} in @internalsref{SpacingSpanner} grob.
+
+@item Optical spacing tweaks are switched by setting
+@code{uniform-stretching} in @internalsref{SpacingSpanner} to true.
+
+
+@end itemize
+
+@seealso
+
+@inputfileref{input/@/regression,spacing-proportional/.ly}
+@inputfileref{input/@/regression,spacing-strict-notespacing/.ly}
+@inputfileref{input/@/regression,spacing-strict-spacing-grace/.ly}
+
+An example of strict proportional notation is in the
+example file @file{input/proportional.ly}.
+
@node Clusters
@subsection Clusters
@node Special noteheads
@subsection Special noteheads
+@cindex note heads, special
+
Different noteheads are used by various instruments for various
meanings -- crosses are used for ``parlato'' with vocalists, stopped
notes on guitar; diamonds are used for harmonics on string instruments,
@node Feathered beams
@subsection Feathered beams
-Feathered beams are not supported natively, but they can be faked by
-forcing two beams to overlap. Here is an example,
+Feathered beams are printed by setting the @code{grow-direction}
+property of a @code{Beam}. The @code{\featherDurations} function
+can be used to adjust note durations.
-@c don't change relative setting witout changing positions!
@lilypond[ragged-right,relative=1,fragment,verbatim,quote]
-\new Staff <<
- \new Voice
- {
- \stemUp
- \once \override Voice.Beam #'positions = #'(0 . 0.5)
- c8[ c c c c ]
- }
- \new Voice {
- \stemUp
- \once \override Voice.Beam #'positions = #'(0 . -0.5)
- c[ c c c c]
- }
->>
+\featherDurations #(ly:make-moment 5 4)
+{
+ \override Beam #'grow-direction = #LEFT
+ c16[ c c c c c c]
+}
@end lilypond
+@refbugs
+
+The @code{\featherDuration} command only works with very short
+music snippets.
@node Improvisation
@subsection Improvisation
@end lilypond
+@node Selecting notation font size
+@subsection Selecting notation font size
+
+The easiest method of setting the font size of any context is by
+setting the @code{fontSize} property.
+
+@lilypond[quote,fragment,relative=1,verbatim]
+c8
+\set fontSize = #-4
+c f
+\set fontSize = #3
+g
+@end lilypond
+
+@noindent
+It does not change the size of variable symbols, such as beams or
+slurs.
+
+Internally, the @code{fontSize} context property will cause the
+@code{font-size} property to be set in all layout objects. The value
+of @code{font-size} is a number indicating the size relative to the
+standard size for the current staff height. Each step up is an
+increase of approximately 12% of the font size. Six steps is exactly a
+factor two. The Scheme function @code{magstep} converts a
+@code{font-size} number to a scaling factor.
+
+@lilypond[quote,fragment,relative=1,verbatim]
+c8
+\override NoteHead #'font-size = #-4
+c f
+\override NoteHead #'font-size = #3
+g
+@end lilypond
+
+Font size changes are achieved by scaling the design size that is
+closest to the desired size. The standard font size (for
+@code{font-size} equals 0), depends on the standard staff height. For
+a 20pt staff, a 10pt font is selected.
+
+The @code{font-size} property can only be set on layout objects that
+use fonts. These are the ones supporting the
+@internalsref{font-interface} layout interface.
+
+@refcommands
+
+The following commands set @code{fontSize} for the current voice:
+
+@funindex \tiny
+@code{\tiny},
+@funindex \small
+@code{\small},
+@funindex \normalsize
+@code{\normalsize}.
+
+
+
@node Educational use
@section Educational use
The following example demonstrates its use.
@lilypond[quote,verbatim,fragment,ragged-right,relative=2]
-\applyOutput #'Voice
- #(add-balloon-text 'NoteHead "heads, or tails?"
- '(1 . -3))
- c8
+\new Voice \with { \consists "Balloon_engraver" }
+{
+ \balloonGrobText #'Stem #'(3 . 4) \markup { "I'm a Stem" }
+ <c-\balloonText #'(-2 . -2) \markup { Hello } >8
+}
@end lilypond
@noindent
-The function @code{add-balloon-text} takes the name of a grob, the
-label to print, and the position where to put the label relative to
-the object. In the above example, the text ``heads or tails?'' ends
-3 spaces below and 1 space to the right of the marked head.
+There are two music functions, @code{balloonText} and
+@code{balloonGrobText}. The latter takes the name of the grob to
+adorn, while the former may be used as an articulation on a note.
+The other arguments are the offset and the text of the label.
@cindex balloon
@cindex notation, explaining
@node Shape note heads
@subsection Shape note heads
+@cindex note heads, shape
+
In shape note head notation, the shape of the note head corresponds
to the harmonic function of a note in the scale. This notation was
popular in the 19th century American song books.
Shapes are determined on the step in the scale, where the base of the
scale is determined by the @code{\key} command
-@findex \key
-@findex shapeNoteStyles
-@findex \aikenHeads
-@findex \sacredHarpHeads
+@funindex \key
+@funindex shapeNoteStyles
+@funindex \aikenHeads
+@funindex \sacredHarpHeads
Shape note heads are implemented through the @code{shapeNoteStyles}
property. Its value is a vector of symbols. The k-th element indicates
@node Easy Notation note heads
@subsection Easy Notation note heads
+@cindex note heads, practice
+@cindex note heads, easy notation
@cindex easy notation
@cindex Hal Leonard
The command @code{\setEasyHeads} overrides settings for the
@internalsref{NoteHead} object. To make the letters readable, it has
to be printed in a large font size. To print with a larger font, see
-@ref{Setting global staff size}.
+@ref{Setting the staff size}.
@refcommands
@end lilypond
The full range of colors defined for X11 can be accessed by using the
-scheme function x11-color. The function takes one argument that can be a
+Scheme function x11-color. The function takes one argument that can be a
symbol
@example
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
{
\override Staff.StaffSymbol #'color = #(x11-color 'SlateBlue2)
- \set Staff.instrument = \markup {
+ \set Staff.instrumentName = \markup {
\with-color #(x11-color 'navy) "Clarinet"
}
\time 2/4
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff