@menu
* Common notation for wind instruments::
* Bagpipes::
+* Woodwinds::
@end menu
@node Common notation for wind instruments
@item Breathing can be specified by rests or @ref{Breath marks}.
@item Legato playing is indicated by @ref{Slurs}.
@item Different types of tonguings, ranging from legato to non-legato to
-stacatto are usually shown by articulation marks, sometimes combined
+staccato are usually shown by articulation marks, sometimes combined
with slurs, see @ref{Articulations and ornamentations} and @ref{List of
articulations}.
@item Flutter tonguing is usually indicated by placing a tremolo mark
-and a text markup on the note. See @ref{Tremolo repeats}.
+and a text markup on the note. See @ref{Tremolo repeats}.
@end itemize
There are also other aspects of musical notation that can apply to wind
instruments:
@itemize
-@item Many wind instruments are transposing intruments, see
+@item Many wind instruments are transposing instruments, see
@ref{Instrument transpositions}.
@item The slide glissando are characteristic of the trombone, but other
-winds may perform keyed or valved glissandi. See @ref{Glissando}.
+winds may perform keyed or valved glissandi. See @ref{Glissando}.
@item Harmonic series glissandi, which are possible on all brass
instruments but common for French Horns, are usually written out as
@ref{Grace notes}.
and doits}.
@item Key slaps or valve slaps are often shown by the @code{cross} style
of @ref{Special note heads}.
-@item Woodwinds can overblow low notes to sound harmonics. These are
-shown by the @code{flageolet} articulation. See @ref{List of articulations}.
+@item Woodwinds can overblow low notes to sound harmonics. These are
+shown by the @code{flageolet} articulation. See @ref{List of articulations}.
@item The use of brass mutes is usually indicated by a text markup, but
where there are many rapid changes it is better to use the
-@code{stopped} and @code{open} articulations. See @ref{Articulations and
+@code{stopped} and @code{open} articulations. See @ref{Articulations and
ornamentations} and @ref{List of articulations}.
@item Stopped horns are indicated by the @code{stopped} articulation.
See @ref{Articulations and ornamentations}.
@unnumberedsubsubsec Fingerings
All wind instruments other than the trombone require the use of several
-fingers to produce each pitch.
+fingers to produce each pitch. Some fingering helps are shown in
+the snippets below.
+
+Woodwind diagrams can be produced and are described in
+@ref{Woodwind diagrams}.
@snippets
@seealso
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Woodwind diagrams}.
+
Snippets:
@rlsr{Winds}.
@seealso
@rlsr{Winds}.
+
+@node Woodwinds
+@subsection Woodwinds
+
+This section describes notation specifically for woodwinds.
+
+@menu
+* Woodwind diagrams::
+@end menu
+
+@node Woodwind diagrams
+@subsubsection Woodwind diagrams
+
+Woodwind diagrams can be used to indicate the fingering to be used
+to play specific notes. Woodwind diagrams are available for most woodwind
+instruments.
+
+Woodwind diagrams are available for the following instruments:
+
+@itemize
+@item piccolo
+@item flute
+@item oboe
+@item clarinet
+@item bass clarinet
+@item saxophone
+@item basson
+@item contrabassoon
+@end itemize
+
+@noindent
+The diagrams and the scheme instrument names are shown in the snippet below.
+
+Woodwind diagrams are created as markups:
+
+
+@lilypond[verbatim, quote, relative=2]
+c1^ \markup \woodwind-diagram #'piccolo #'((lh . (gis))
+ (cc . (one three))
+ (rh . (ees)))
+@end lilypond
+
+Keys can be open, partially-covered, ring-depressed, or fully covered:
+
+@lilypond [verbatim, quote, relative=2]
+\textLengthOn
+c1^ \markup \center-column {
+ "one quarter"
+ \woodwind-diagram #'flute #'((cc . (one1q))
+ (lh . ())
+ (rh . ()))
+}
+c1^ \markup \center-column {
+ "one half"
+ \woodwind-diagram #'flute #'((cc . (one1h))
+ (lh . ())
+ (rh . ()))
+}
+c1^ \markup \center-column {
+ "three quarter"
+ \woodwind-diagram #'flute #'((cc . (one3q))
+ (lh . ())
+ (rh . ()))
+}
+c1^ \markup \center-column {
+ "ring"
+ \woodwind-diagram #'flute #'((cc . (oneR))
+ (lh . ())
+ (rh . ()))
+}
+c1^ \markup \center-column {
+ "full"
+ \woodwind-diagram #'flute #'((cc . (oneF two))
+ (lh . ())
+ (rh . ()))
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+Trills are indicated in the woodwind diagrams as shaded keys:
+
+@lilypond [verbatim, quote, relative=2]
+c1^ \markup \woodwind-diagram #'bass-clarinet
+ #'((cc . (threeT four))
+ (lh . ())
+ (rh . (b fis)))
+@end lilypond
+
+A variety of trills can be displayed:
+
+@lilypond [verbatim, quote, relative=2]
+\textLengthOn
+c1^ \markup \center-column {
+ "one quarter to ring"
+ \woodwind-diagram #'flute #'((cc . (one1qTR))
+ (lh . ())
+ (rh . ()))
+}
+c1^ \markup \center-column {
+ "ring to shut"
+ \woodwind-diagram #'flute #'((cc . (oneTR))
+ (lh . ())
+ (rh . ()))
+}
+c1^ \markup \center-column {
+ "ring to open"
+ \woodwind-diagram #'flute #'((cc . (oneRT))
+ (lh . ())
+ (rh . ()))
+}
+c1^ \markup \center-column {
+ "open to shut"
+ \woodwind-diagram #'flute #'((cc . (oneT))
+ (lh . ())
+ (rh . ()))
+}
+c1^ \markup \center-column {
+ "one quarter to three quarters"
+ \woodwind-diagram #'flute #'((cc . (one1qT3q))
+ (lh . ())
+ (rh . ()))
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+The list of all possible keys and settings for a given instrument
+can be displayed on the console or in the log file, although they
+will not show up in the music output:
+
+@lilypond[verbatim, quote]
+
+#(print-keys-verbose 'flute)
+
+@end lilypond
+
+New diagrams can be created by following the patterns in
+@file{scm/define-woodwind-diagrams.scm} and
+@file{scm/display-woodwind-diagrams.scm}. However, this will
+require Scheme ability and may not be accessible to all users.
+
+@predefined
+@endpredefined
+
+@snippets
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+{woodwind-diagrams-listing.ly}
+
+@lilypondfile[verbatim, lilyquote, texidoc, doctitle]
+{graphical-and-text-woodwind-diagrams.ly}
+
+@lilypondfile[verbatim, lilyquote, texidoc, doctitle]
+{changing-the-size-of-woodwind-diagrams.ly}
+
+@lilypondfile[verbatim, lilyquote, texidoc, doctitle]
+{woodwind-diagrams-key-lists.ly}
+
+@seealso
+
+Installed Files:
+@file{scm/define-woodwind-diagrams.scm},
+@file{scm/display-woodwind-diagrams.scm}.
+
+Snippets: @rlsr{Winds}.
+
+Internals Reference:
+@rinternals{TextScript},
+@rinternals{instrument-specific-markup-interface}.
+
+@knownissues
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