Guide, node Updating translation committishes..
@end ignore
-@c \version "2.13.36"
+@c \version "2.14.0"
@node Vocal music
@section Vocal music
-@c TODO: inspirational headword
+@lilypondfile[quote]{vocal-headword.ly}
This section explains how to typeset vocal music, and make sure
that the lyrics will be aligned with the notes of their melody.
* Manual syllable durations::
* Multiple syllables to one note::
* Multiple notes to one syllable::
-* Skipping notes::
* Extenders and hyphens::
@end menu
Snippets:
@rlsr{Vocal music}.
+
@node Entering lyrics
@unnumberedsubsubsec Entering lyrics
@cindex lyrics, entering
@cindex entering lyrics
+@cindex formatting in lyrics
+@cindex lyrics, formatting
@cindex punctuation in lyrics
@cindex lyrics punctuation
@cindex spaces in lyrics
non-English languages, or special characters (such as the heart
symbol or slanted quotes), may simply be inserted directly
into the input file, providing it is saved with UTF-8 encoding.
-For more information, see @ref{Text encoding}.
+For more information, see @ref{Special characters}.
@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
\relative c'' { d8 c16 a bes8 f e' d c4 }
@c " to balance double quotes for not-so-bright context-sensitive editors
+Great control over the appearance of lyrics comes from using
+@code{\markup} inside the lyrics themselves. For explanation of many
+options, see @ref{Formatting text}.
+
+@snippets
+
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
+{formatting-lyrics-syllables.ly}
+
+
@seealso
Learning Manual:
@rlearning{Songs}.
Notation Reference:
@ref{Automatic syllable durations},
@ref{Fonts},
+@ref{Formatting text},
@ref{Input modes},
@ref{Manual syllable durations},
-@ref{Text encoding}.
+@ref{Special characters}.
Internals Reference:
@rinternals{LyricText}.
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Text}.
+
@node Aligning lyrics to a melody
@unnumberedsubsubsec Aligning lyrics to a melody
Notation Reference:
@ref{Contexts explained},
-@ref{Automatic syllable durations}.
+@ref{Automatic syllable durations},
@ref{Stanzas},
@ref{Manual syllable durations},
@ref{Dialogue over music},
Internals Reference:
@rinternals{Lyrics}.
+
@node Automatic syllable durations
@unnumberedsubsubsec Automatic syllable durations
@ref{Keeping contexts alive},
@ref{Placing lyrics vertically}.
+
@node Manual syllable durations
@unnumberedsubsubsec Manual syllable durations
In order to assign more than one syllable to a single note with
spaces between the syllables, you can surround the phrase with
quotes or use a @code{_} character. Alternatively, you can use
-code the tilde symbol (@code{~}) to get a lyric tie. The lyric
-tie is implemented with the Unicode character U+203F, so be
-sure to have a font (like DejaVuLGC) installed that includes this
-glyph.
+the tilde symbol (@code{~}) to get a lyric tie.
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
{
- \time 3/4
- \relative c' { c2 e4 g2 e4 }
- \addlyrics { gran- de_a- mi- go }
- \addlyrics { pu- "ro y ho-" nes- to }
- \addlyrics { pu- ro~y~ho- nes- to }
+ \relative c'' { \autoBeamOff
+ r8 b c fis, fis c' b e, }
+ \addlyrics { Che_in ques -- ta_e_in quel -- l'al -- tr'on -- da }
+ \addlyrics { "Che in" ques -- "ta e in" quel -- l'al -- tr'on -- da }
+ \addlyrics { Che~in ques -- ta~e~in quel -- l'al -- tr'on -- da }
}
@end lilypond
-
@seealso
Internals Reference:
@rinternals{LyricCombineMusic}.
When a melisma occurs on a syllable other that the last one in a
word, that syllable is usually joined to the following one with a
hyphenated line. This is indicated by placing a double hyphen,
-@code{--}, immediately after the syllable.
+@w{@code{--}}, immediately after the syllable.
Alternatively, when a melisma occurs on the last or only syllable in
a word an extender line is usually drawn from the end of the syllable
It is possible to have ties, slurs and manual beams in the melody
without their indicating melismata. To do this, set
-@code{melismaBusyProperties} and indicate the melismata with single
-underscores in the lyrics, one underscore for each extra note:
+@code{melismaBusyProperties}:
@lilypond[relative=1,verbatim,quote]
<<
\time 3/4
\set melismaBusyProperties = #'()
c4 d ( e )
- g8 [ f ] f4( e)
- d e ~ e
+ g8 [ f ] f4 ~ f
}
\new Lyrics \lyricsto "melody" {
- Ky -- _ _ _ _ ri -- _ _ e __ _
+ Ky -- ri -- e e -- le -- i -- son
}
>>
@end lilypond
Other settings for @code{melismaBusyProperties} can be used to
-include or exclude ties, slurs, and beams from the automatic
-detection of melismata; see @code{melismaBusyProperties} in
-@rinternals{Tunable context properties}.
+selectively include or exclude ties, slurs, and beams from the
+automatic detection of melismata; see @code{melismaBusyProperties}
+in @rinternals{Tunable context properties}.
+
+Alternatively, if all melismata indications are to be ignored,
+@code{ignoreMelismata} may be set true;
+see @ref{Stanzas with different rhythms}.
+
+If a melisma is required during a passage in which
+@code{melismaBusyProperties} is active, it may be indicated by
+placing a single underscore in the lyrics for each note which
+should be included in the melisma:
+
+@lilypond[relative=1,verbatim,quote]
+<<
+ \new Voice = "melody" {
+ \time 3/4
+ \set melismaBusyProperties = #'()
+ c4 d ( e )
+ g8 [ f ] ~ f4 ~ f
+ }
+ \new Lyrics \lyricsto "melody" {
+ Ky -- ri -- _ e __ _ _ _
+ }
+>>
+@end lilypond
+
@predefined
Notation Reference:
@ref{Aligning lyrics to a melody},
@ref{Automatic syllable durations},
-@ref{Setting automatic beam behavior}.
+@ref{Setting automatic beam behavior},
+@ref{Stanzas with different rhythms}.
Internals Reference:
@rinternals{Tunable context properties}.
@knownissues
-
Extender lines under melismata are not created automatically; they
must be inserted manually with a double underscore.
-@node Skipping notes
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Skipping notes
-
-Making a lyric line run slower than the melody can be achieved by
-inserting @code{\skip}s into the lyrics. For every @code{\skip},
-the text will be delayed by another note. The @code{\skip} command
-must be followed by a valid duration, but this is ignored when
-@code{\skip} is used in lyrics which derive their durations from the
-notes in an associated melody through @code{\addlyrics} or
-@code{\lyricsto}.
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
-\relative c' { c c g' }
-\addlyrics {
- twin -- \skip 4
- kle
-}
-@end lilypond
-
@node Extenders and hyphens
@unnumberedsubsubsec Extenders and hyphens
(threshold below which hyphens are removed) properties of
@code{LyricHyphen}.
-
@seealso
Internals Reference:
@rinternals{LyricExtender},
}
@end lilypond
-
@seealso
Notation Reference:
@ref{Placing lyrics vertically}.
@end lilypond
Lyrics may be positioned above the staff using one of
-two methods. The simplest is to use the same syntax as
-above and explicitly specify the position of the lyrics:
+two methods. The simplest (and preferred) method
+is to use the same syntax as above and explicitly
+specify the position of the lyrics:
@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
\score {
@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
\score {
<<
- \new Lyrics = "lyrics"
+ \new Lyrics = "lyrics" \with {
+ % lyrics above a staff should have this override
+ \override VerticalAxisGroup #'staff-affinity = #DOWN
+ }
\new Staff {
\new Voice = "melody" {
\relative c'' { c4 c c c }
}
}
\new Lyrics = "sopranos"
- \new Lyrics = "contraltos"
+ \new Lyrics = "contraltos" \with {
+ % lyrics above a staff should have this override
+ \override VerticalAxisGroup #'staff-affinity = #DOWN
+ }
\new Staff {
\new Voice = "contraltos" {
\relative c'' { a4 a a a }
elaborating these examples, or by examining the
@rlearning{Vocal ensembles} templates in the Learning Manual.
+@snippets
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
+{obtaining-2.12-lyrics-spacing-in-newer-versions.ly}
+
@seealso
Learning Manual:
@rlearning{Vocal ensembles}.
Notation Reference:
-@ref{Aligning contexts},
+@ref{Context layout order},
@ref{Creating contexts}.
+
@node Placing syllables horizontally
@unnumberedsubsubsec Placing syllables horizontally
@end lilypond
@snippets
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
{lyrics-alignment.ly}
@c TODO: move to LSR -vv
-Checking to make sure that text scripts and lyrics are within the
-margins is a relatively large computational task. To speed up processing,
-LilyPond does not perform such calculations by default; to enable it, use
+Checking to make sure that text scripts and lyrics are within the margins
+requires additional calculations. To speed up processing slightly, this
+feature can be disabled:
@example
-\override Score.PaperColumn #'keep-inside-line = ##t
+\override Score.PaperColumn #'keep-inside-line = ##f
@end example
To make lyrics avoid bar lines as well, use
}
@end lilypond
-@cindex lyric skip
-@funindex \skip
-
When the words to a repeated volta section are different, the words
-to each repeat must be entered in separate @code{Lyrics} contexts.
-Earlier unrepeated sections must be skipped in the second and
-subsequent repeats. The easiest way to skip several notes is to
-use @code{\repeat unfold} around the @code{\skip} command.
-
-Note: do not use an underscore, @code{_}, to skip notes in this
-particular case. As this syntax indicates a melisma, it will cause
-the preceding syllable to be left-aligned.
-
-@warning{The @code{@bs{}skip} command must be followed by a number,
-but this number is ignored in lyrics which derive their durations
-from the notes in an associated melody through @code{\addlyrics} or
-@code{\lyricsto}. Each @code{@bs{}skip} skips a single note of any
-value, irrespective of the value of the following number.}
+to each repeat must be entered in separate @code{Lyrics} contexts,
+correctly nested in parallel sections:
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
\score {
}
}
}
- \new Lyrics {
- \lyricsto "melody" {
- Not re -- peat -- ed.
- The first time words.
- }
- }
- \new Lyrics {
- \lyricsto "melody" {
- % skip 4 notes of any duration
- \repeat unfold 4 { \skip 1 }
- Sec -- ond time words.
- }
+ \new Lyrics \lyricsto "melody" {
+ Not re -- peat -- ed.
+ <<
+ { The first time words. }
+ \new Lyrics {
+ \set associatedVoice = "melody"
+ Sec -- ond time words.
+ }
+ >>
}
>>
}
@end lilypond
-@cindex lyrics, repeating with a temporary voice
+More verses may be added in a similar way:
-An alternative way, which avoids skips and having to count notes,
-is to use a temporary voice for the repeated section. This may be
-preferable if the earlier sections are still subject to change. A
-temporary voice can be inserted anywhere in the main music stream
-in parallel with it, as shown below, but it may be necessary to
-keep the main voice alive in complex scores when using this
-technique; see @ref{Keeping contexts alive}.
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
\score {
<<
\new Staff {
\new Voice = "singleVoice" {
- \relative c'' { a4 a a a }
- \new Voice = "repeatVoice" {
- \relative c'' \repeat volta 3 { b4 b b b }
- }
- \relative c'' { c4 c c c }
- }
- }
- \new Lyrics <<
- \lyricsto "singleVoice" {
- Not re -- peat -- ed.
- The end sec -- tion.
- }
- \lyricsto "repeatVoice" {
- The first time words.
- }
- >>
- \new Lyrics {
- \lyricsto "repeatVoice" {
- Sec -- ond time words.
+ \relative c'' {
+ a4 a a a
+ \repeat volta 3 { b4 b b b }
+ c4 c c c
+ }
}
}
- \new Lyrics {
- \lyricsto "repeatVoice" {
- The third time words.
- }
+ \new Lyrics \lyricsto "singleVoice" {
+ Not re -- peat -- ed.
+ <<
+ { The first time words. }
+ \new Lyrics {
+ \set associatedVoice = "singleVoice"
+ Sec -- ond time words.
+ }
+ \new Lyrics {
+ \set associatedVoice = "singleVoice"
+ The third time words.
+ }
+ >>
+ The end sec -- tion.
}
>>
}
@end lilypond
-@c TODO lowering a common line of lyrics
+
+@c TODO positioning a common line of lyrics
@subheading Repeats with alternative endings
}
@end lilypond
+@funindex \skip
+@cindex skipping notes in lyrics
+@cindex lyrics, skipping notes
+
But when the repeated section has different words, a repeat
construct cannot be used around the words and @code{\skip} commands
-have to be inserted manually as described in the previous section to
-skip over the notes in the alternative sections which do not apply.
+have to be inserted manually to skip over the notes in the
+alternative sections which do not apply.
+
+Note: do not use an underscore, @code{_}, to skip notes -- an
+underscore indicates a melisma, causing the preceding syllable
+to be left-aligned.
+
+@warning{The @code{@bs{}skip} command must be followed by a number,
+but this number is ignored in lyrics which derive their durations
+from the notes in an associated melody through @code{\addlyrics} or
+@code{\lyricsto}. Each @code{@bs{}skip} skips a single note of any
+value, irrespective of the value of the following number.}
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
\score {
@lilypond[ragged-right,quote,verbatim]
melody = \relative c' {
- c c c c | d d d d
+ c4 c c c | d d d d
}
text = \lyricmode {
\markup {
\fill-line {
\hspace #0.1 % moves the column off the left margin;
- % can be removed if space on the page is tight
+ % can be removed if space on the page is tight
\column {
\line { \bold "2."
\column {
"It has two lines."
}
}
- \hspace #0.1 % adds vertical spacing between verses
+ \vspace #0.1 % adds vertical spacing between verses
\line { \bold "3."
\column {
"This is verse three."
}
}
}
- \hspace #0.1 % adds horizontal spacing between columns;
- % if they are still too close, add more " " pairs
- % until the result looks good
- \column {
+ \hspace #0.1 % adds horizontal spacing between columns;
+ \column {
\line { \bold "4."
\column {
"This is verse four."
"It has two lines."
}
}
- \hspace #0.1 % adds vertical spacing between verses
+ \vspace #0.1 % adds vertical spacing between verses
\line { \bold "5."
\column {
"This is verse five."
}
}
\hspace #0.1 % gives some extra space on the right margin;
- % can be removed if page space is tight
+ % can be removed if page space is tight
}
}
@end lilypond
Snippets:
@rlsr{Vocal music}.
+
@node Lead sheets
@unnumberedsubsubsec Lead sheets
@q{chord mode}; this syntax is explained in @ref{Chord notation}.
@snippets
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
{simple-lead-sheet.ly}
@seealso
@rinternals{Lyrics},
@rinternals{PianoStaff}.
+
@node Score layouts for choral
@unnumberedsubsubsec Score layouts for choral
@cindex voices, divided
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
{using-arpeggiobracket-to-make-divisi-more-visible.ly}
@seealso
@ref{Page layout}.
@item
-Dialogue cues and stage directions can be inserted with markup.
-See @ref{Text}. Extensive stage directions can be inserted with
-a section of stand-alone markup between two @code{\score} blocks.
-See @ref{Separate text}.
+Dialogue cues, stage directions and footnotes can be inserted, see
+@ref{Creating footnotes} and @ref{Text}. Extensive stage directions
+can also be added with a section of stand-alone markups between two
+@code{\score} blocks, see @ref{Separate text}.
@end itemize
@rglos{transposing instrument}.
Notation Reference:
+@ref{Creating footnotes},
@ref{Grouping staves},
@ref{Hiding staves},
@ref{Instrument transpositions},
Extending LilyPond:
@rextend{Markup construction in Scheme}.
+
@node Musical cues
@unnumberedsubsubsec Musical cues
specify its key so the conversion of its cue notes will be done
automatically. The example below shows this transposition for a
B-flat clarinet. The notes in this example are low on the staff so
-@code{#DOWN} is specified in @code{\cueDuring} (so the stems are
+@code{DOWN} is specified in @code{\cueDuring} (so the stems are
down) and the instrument name is positioned below the staff. Note
also that the piano right-hand voice is explicitly declared. This
is because the cue notes in this example begin at the start of the
and to make the piano notes clearer.
@snippets
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
{adding-orchestral-cues-to-a-vocal-score.ly}
@seealso
@snippets
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
{chant-or-psalms-notation.ly}
Canticles and other liturgical texts may be set more freely, and
are spaced in accordance with the syllables rather than the notes'
durations.
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
{ancient-notation-template----modern-transcription-of-gregorian-music.ly}
@seealso
the start of the music and @code{\bar "|"} or @code{\bar "||"}
commands at the end of each line.
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
{hymn-template.ly}
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff