Guide, node Updating translation committishes..
@end ignore
-@c \version "2.14.0"
+@c \version "2.17.19"
@node Vocal music
@section Vocal music
Snippets:
@rlsr{Vocal music}.
+
@node Entering lyrics
@unnumberedsubsubsec Entering lyrics
\lyricmode @{ lah lah lah @}
@end example
-@cindex overrides in lyric mode
-@funindex \override in \lyricmode
-
-Similarly, in lyric mode, a period will be included in the
-alphabetic sequence that it follows. As a consequence, spaces
-must be inserted around the period in @code{\override} commands.
-Do @emph{not} write
-
-@example
-\override Score.LyricText #'font-shape = #'italic
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-but instead use
-
-@example
-\override Score . LyricText #'font-shape = #'italic
-@end example
-
Punctuation, lyrics with accented characters, characters from
non-English languages, or special characters (such as the heart
symbol or slanted quotes), may simply be inserted directly
into the input file, providing it is saved with UTF-8 encoding.
-For more information, see @ref{Text encoding}.
+For more information, see @ref{Special characters}.
@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
\relative c'' { d8 c16 a bes8 f e' d c4 }
@ref{Formatting text},
@ref{Input modes},
@ref{Manual syllable durations},
-@ref{Text encoding}.
+@ref{Special characters}.
Internals Reference:
@rinternals{LyricText}.
Snippets:
-@rlsr{Text}
+@rlsr{Text}.
+
@node Aligning lyrics to a melody
@unnumberedsubsubsec Aligning lyrics to a melody
Notation Reference:
@ref{Contexts explained},
-@ref{Automatic syllable durations}.
+@ref{Automatic syllable durations},
@ref{Stanzas},
@ref{Manual syllable durations},
@ref{Dialogue over music},
Internals Reference:
@rinternals{Lyrics}.
+
@node Automatic syllable durations
@unnumberedsubsubsec Automatic syllable durations
@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=2]
<<
\new Voice = "melody" {
- a4 a a a
+ a1 a4. a8 a2
}
\new Lyrics \lyricsto "melody" {
These are the words
@end lilypond
The command @code{\addlyrics} cannot handle polyphonic settings.
+Also, it cannot be used to associate lyrics to a @code{TabVoice}.
For these cases one should use @code{\lyricsto}.
@subheading Using associatedVoice
@ref{Keeping contexts alive},
@ref{Placing lyrics vertically}.
+
@node Manual syllable durations
@unnumberedsubsubsec Manual syllable durations
quotes or use a @code{_} character. Alternatively, you can use
the tilde symbol (@code{~}) to get a lyric tie.
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
+@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,relative=2]
{
- \time 3/4
- \relative c' { c2 e4 g2 e4 }
- \addlyrics { gran -- de_a -- mi -- go }
- \addlyrics { pu -- "ro y ho" -- nes -- to }
- \addlyrics { pu -- ro~y~ho -- nes -- to }
+ { \autoBeamOff
+ r8 b c fis, fis c' b e,
+ }
+ \addlyrics
+ {
+ \override LyricHyphen.minimum-distance = #1.0 % Ensure hyphens are visible
+ Che_in ques -- ta_e_in quel -- l'al -- tr'on -- da
+ }
+ \addlyrics { "Che in" ques -- "ta e in" quel -- l'al -- tr'on -- da }
+ \addlyrics { Che~in ques -- ta~e~in quel -- l'al -- tr'on -- da }
}
@end lilypond
-
@seealso
Internals Reference:
@rinternals{LyricCombineMusic}.
@funindex \melisma
@funindex \melismaEnd
-Sometimes, particularly in Medieval music, several notes are to be
-sung on one syllable; such vocalises are called melismata, or
-@rglos{melisma}s. The syllable to a melisma is usually
+Sometimes, particularly in Medieval and baroque music, several notes are
+sung on one syllable; this is called melisma, see
+@rglos{melisma}. The syllable to a melisma is usually
left-aligned with the first note of the melisma.
When a melisma occurs on a syllable other that the last one in a
>>
@end lilypond
+Note that phrasing slurs do not affect the creation of melismata.
+
@item
Notes are considered a melisma if they are manually beamed,
providing automatic beaming is switched off. See
>>
@end lilypond
-Note that this method cannot be used to indicate two melismata if
-the first one is immediately followed by another.
-
@item
A melisma can be defined entirely in the lyrics by entering a
single underscore character, @code{_}, for every extra note that has
@rinternals{Tunable context properties}.
@knownissues
-
Extender lines under melismata are not created automatically; they
must be inserted manually with a double underscore.
(threshold below which hyphens are removed) properties of
@code{LyricHyphen}.
-
@seealso
Internals Reference:
@rinternals{LyricExtender},
}
@end lilypond
-
@seealso
Notation Reference:
@ref{Placing lyrics vertically}.
<<
\new Lyrics = "lyrics" \with {
% lyrics above a staff should have this override
- \override VerticalAxisGroup #'staff-affinity = #DOWN
+ \override VerticalAxisGroup.staff-affinity = #DOWN
}
\new Staff {
\new Voice = "melody" {
\new Lyrics = "sopranos"
\new Lyrics = "contraltos" \with {
% lyrics above a staff should have this override
- \override VerticalAxisGroup #'staff-affinity = #DOWN
+ \override VerticalAxisGroup.staff-affinity = #DOWN
}
\new Staff {
\new Voice = "contraltos" {
@end lilypond
Other combinations of lyrics and staves may be generated by
-elaborating these examples, or by examining the
-@rlearning{Vocal ensembles} templates in the Learning Manual.
+elaborating these examples, or by examining the templates in the
+Learning Manual, see @rlearning{Vocal ensembles templates}.
@snippets
@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
-{lyrics-old-spacing-settings.ly}
+{obtaining-2.12-lyrics-spacing-in-newer-versions.ly}
@seealso
Learning Manual:
-@rlearning{Vocal ensembles}.
+@rlearning{Vocal ensembles templates}.
Notation Reference:
-@ref{Aligning contexts},
-@ref{Creating contexts}.
+@ref{Context layout order},
+@ref{Creating and referencing contexts}.
+
@node Placing syllables horizontally
@unnumberedsubsubsec Placing syllables horizontally
@lilypond[relative=1,verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
{
c c c c
- \override Lyrics.LyricSpace #'minimum-distance = #1.0
+ \override Lyrics.LyricSpace.minimum-distance = #1.0
c c c c
}
\addlyrics {
\layout {
\context {
\Lyrics
- \override LyricSpace #'minimum-distance = #1.0
+ \override LyricSpace.minimum-distance = #1.0
}
}
}
feature can be disabled:
@example
-\override Score.PaperColumn #'keep-inside-line = ##f
+\override Score.PaperColumn.keep-inside-line = ##f
@end example
To make lyrics avoid bar lines as well, use
\Lyrics
\consists "Bar_engraver"
\consists "Separating_line_group_engraver"
- \override BarLine #'transparent = ##t
+ \override BarLine.transparent = ##t
@}
@}
@end example
-@c TODO Create and add lsr example of lyricMelismaAlignment
-@c It's used like this to center-align all lyric syllables,
-@c even when notes are tied. -td
-
-@ignore
-\layout
-{
- \context { \Score lyricMelismaAlignment = #0 }
-}
-@end ignore
-
-
@node Lyrics and repeats
@unnumberedsubsubsec Lyrics and repeats
}
@end lilypond
+@cindex alignBelowContext
+@funindex alignBelowContext
+
+However, if this construct is embedded within a multi-staved
+context such as a @code{ChoirStaff} the lyrics of the second and
+third verses will appear beneath the bottom staff.
+
+To position them correctly use @code{alignBelowContext}:
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\score {
+ <<
+ \new Staff {
+ \new Voice = "melody" {
+ \relative c'' {
+ a4 a a a
+ \repeat volta 3 { b4 b b b }
+ c4 c c c
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ \new Lyrics = "firstVerse" \lyricsto "melody" {
+ Not re -- peat -- ed.
+ <<
+ { The first time words. }
+ \new Lyrics = "secondVerse"
+ \with { alignBelowContext = #"firstVerse" } {
+ \set associatedVoice = "melody"
+ Sec -- ond time words.
+ }
+ \new Lyrics = "thirdVerse"
+ \with { alignBelowContext = #"secondVerse" } {
+ \set associatedVoice = "melody"
+ The third time words.
+ }
+ >>
+ The end sec -- tion.
+ }
+ \new Voice = "harmony" {
+ \relative c' {
+ f4 f f f \repeat volta 2 { g8 g g4 g2 } a4 a8. a16 a2
+ }
+ }
+ >>
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+
@c TODO positioning a common line of lyrics
}
@end lilypond
+It is common in choral music to have a voice part split for
+several measures. The @code{<< @{@dots{}@} \\ @{@dots{}@} >>}
+construct, where the two (or more) musical expressions are
+separated by double backslashes, might seem the proper way to
+set the split voices. This construct, however, will assign
+@strong{all} the expressions within it to @strong{NEW Voice
+contexts} which will result in @emph{no lyrics} being set for
+them since the lyrics will be set to the original voice context
+-- not, typically, what one wants. The temporary polyphonic
+passage is the proper construct to use, see section
+@emph{Temporary polyphonic passages} in @ref{Single-staff polyphony}.
+
@node Stanzas
@subsection Stanzas
<<
\new Voice = "alternative" {
\voiceOne
- \times 2/3 {
+ \tuplet 3/2 {
% show associations clearly.
- \override NoteColumn #'force-hshift = #-3
+ \override NoteColumn.force-hshift = #-3
f8 f g
}
}
@lilypond[ragged-right,quote,verbatim]
melody = \relative c' {
- c c c c | d d d d
+ c4 c c c | d d d d
}
text = \lyricmode {
\markup {
\fill-line {
\hspace #0.1 % moves the column off the left margin;
- % can be removed if space on the page is tight
+ % can be removed if space on the page is tight
\column {
\line { \bold "2."
\column {
"It has two lines."
}
}
- \hspace #0.1 % adds vertical spacing between verses
+ \combine \null \vspace #0.1 % adds vertical spacing between verses
\line { \bold "3."
\column {
"This is verse three."
}
}
}
- \hspace #0.1 % adds horizontal spacing between columns;
- % if they are still too close, add more " " pairs
- % until the result looks good
- \column {
+ \hspace #0.1 % adds horizontal spacing between columns;
+ \column {
\line { \bold "4."
\column {
"This is verse four."
"It has two lines."
}
}
- \hspace #0.1 % adds vertical spacing between verses
+ \combine \null \vspace #0.1 % adds vertical spacing between verses
\line { \bold "5."
\column {
"This is verse five."
}
}
\hspace #0.1 % gives some extra space on the right margin;
- % can be removed if page space is tight
+ % can be removed if page space is tight
}
}
@end lilypond
Snippets:
@rlsr{Vocal music}.
+
@node Lead sheets
@unnumberedsubsubsec Lead sheets
Choral music is usually notated on two, three or four staves within
a @code{ChoirStaff} group. Accompaniment, if required, is placed
beneath in a @code{PianoStaff} group, which is usually reduced in
-size for @emph{a capella} choral works. The notes for each vocal
-part are placed in a @code{Voice} context, with each staff
+size for rehearsal of @emph{a cappella} choral works. The notes for
+each vocal part are placed in a @code{Voice} context, with each staff
being given either a single vocal part (i.e., one @code{Voice}) or
a pair of vocal parts (i.e., two @code{Voice}s).
@item
Several templates suitable for various styles of choral music can
also be found in the Learning Manual, see
-@rlearning{Vocal ensembles}.
+@rlearning{Vocal ensembles templates}.
@item
For information about @code{ChoirStaff} and @code{PianoStaff} see
down. To do this, use @code{\voiceOne} and @code{\voiceTwo}. See
@ref{Single-staff polyphony}.
+@item
+When a vocal part temporarily splits, you should use
+@emph{Temporary polyphonic passages}
+(see @ref{Single-staff polyphony}).
+
@end itemize
@predefined
@seealso
Learning Manual:
@rlearning{Four-part SATB vocal score},
-@rlearning{Vocal ensembles}.
+@rlearning{Vocal ensembles templates}.
Notation Reference:
@ref{Context layout order},
@rinternals{Lyrics},
@rinternals{PianoStaff}.
+
@node Score layouts for choral
@unnumberedsubsubsec Score layouts for choral
\layout {
\context {
\Score
- \override DynamicText #'direction = #UP
- \override DynamicLineSpanner #'direction = #UP
+ \override DynamicText.direction = #UP
+ \override DynamicLineSpanner.direction = #UP
}
}
}
@ref{Page layout}.
@item
-Dialogue cues and stage directions can be inserted with markup.
-See @ref{Text}. Extensive stage directions can be inserted with
-a section of stand-alone markup between two @code{\score} blocks.
-See @ref{Separate text}.
+Dialogue cues, stage directions and footnotes can be inserted, see
+@ref{Creating footnotes} and @ref{Text}. Extensive stage directions
+can also be added with a section of stand-alone markups between two
+@code{\score} blocks, see @ref{Separate text}.
@end itemize
@rglos{transposing instrument}.
Notation Reference:
+@ref{Creating footnotes},
@ref{Grouping staves},
@ref{Hiding staves},
@ref{Instrument transpositions},
#`((instrumentTransposition . ,(ly:make-pitch -1 0 0))
(shortInstrumentName . "Kas.")
(clefGlyph . "clefs.G")
- (clefOctavation . -7)
+ (clefTransposition . -7)
(middleCPosition . 1)
(clefPosition . -2)
(instrumentCueName . ,(markup #:fontsize 1 #:smallCaps "Kaspar"))
#`((instrumentTransposition . ,(ly:make-pitch 0 0 0))
(shortInstrumentName . "Mel.")
(clefGlyph . "clefs.F")
- (clefOctavation . 0)
+ (clefTransposition . 0)
(middleCPosition . 6)
(clefPosition . 2)
(instrumentCueName . ,(markup #:fontsize 1 #:smallCaps "Melchior"))
- (midiInstrument . "voice aahs"))
+ (midiInstrument . "choir aahs"))
\relative c' {
\instrumentSwitch "kaspar"
Extending LilyPond:
@rextend{Markup construction in Scheme}.
+
@node Musical cues
@unnumberedsubsubsec Musical cues
c4. g8
% position name of cue-ing instrument just before the cue notes,
% and above the staff
- s1*0^\markup { \right-align { \tiny "Flute" } }
+ \new CueVoice {
+ \override InstrumentSwitch.self-alignment-X = #RIGHT
+ \set instrumentCueName = "Flute"
+ }
\cueDuring "flute" #UP { g4 bes4 }
}
pianoLH = \relative c { c4 <c' e> e, <g c> }
pianoRH = \relative c'' {
\transposition c'
% position name of cue-ing instrument below the staff
- s1*0_\markup { \right-align { \tiny "Clar." } }
+ \new CueVoice {
+ \override InstrumentSwitch.self-alignment-X = #RIGHT
+ \override InstrumentSwitch.direction = #DOWN
+ \set instrumentCueName = "Clar."
+ }
\cueDuring "clarinet" #DOWN { c4. g8 }
g4 bes4
}
\score {
<<
\new Lyrics \with {
- \override LyricText #'font-shape = #'italic
- \override LyricText #'self-alignment-X = #LEFT
+ \override LyricText.font-shape = #'italic
+ \override LyricText.self-alignment-X = #LEFT
}
{ \dialogue }
\new Staff {
with the rhythm being taken from the spoken rhythm of the words.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-stemOff = { \override Staff.Stem #'transparent = ##t }
+stemOff = { \override Staff.Stem.transparent = ##t }
\relative c' {
\stemOff
\layout {
\context {
\Staff
- \remove Bar_engraver
+ \remove "Bar_engraver"
}
}
}
\score {
\new ChoirStaff <<
\new Staff
- \with { \remove Bar_engraver } {
+ \with { \remove "Bar_engraver" } {
\relative c'' {
a4 b c2 |
a4 b c2 |
\bar "'"
a4 b c2
a4 b c2
-\bar ":"
+\bar ";"
a4 b c2
-\bar "dashed"
+\bar "!"
a4 b c2
\bar "||"
@end lilypond
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
divisioMinima = {
- \once \override BreathingSign #'stencil = #ly:breathing-sign::divisio-minima
- \once \override BreathingSign #'Y-offset = #0
+ \once \override BreathingSign.stencil = #ly:breathing-sign::divisio-minima
+ \once \override BreathingSign.Y-offset = #0
\breathe
}
divisioMaior = {
- \once \override BreathingSign #'stencil = #ly:breathing-sign::divisio-maior
- \once \override BreathingSign #'Y-offset = #0
+ \once \override BreathingSign.stencil = #ly:breathing-sign::divisio-maior
+ \once \override BreathingSign.Y-offset = #0
\breathe
}
divisioMaxima = {
- \once \override BreathingSign #'stencil = #ly:breathing-sign::divisio-maxima
- \once \override BreathingSign #'Y-offset = #0
+ \once \override BreathingSign.stencil = #ly:breathing-sign::divisio-maxima
+ \once \override BreathingSign.Y-offset = #0
\breathe
}
finalis = {
- \once \override BreathingSign #'stencil = #ly:breathing-sign::finalis
- \once \override BreathingSign #'Y-offset = #0
+ \once \override BreathingSign.stencil = #ly:breathing-sign::finalis
+ \once \override BreathingSign.Y-offset = #0
\breathe
}
\layout {
\context {
\Staff
- \remove Bar_engraver
+ \remove "Bar_engraver"
}
}
}
\layout {
\context {
\Staff
- \remove Bar_engraver
- \remove Time_signature_engraver
- \remove Clef_engraver
+ \remove "Bar_engraver"
+ \remove "Time_signature_engraver"
+ \remove "Clef_engraver"
}
}
}
\layout {
\context {
\Score
- \override SpacingSpanner
- #'base-shortest-duration = #(ly:make-moment 1 2)
+ \override SpacingSpanner.base-shortest-duration = #(ly:make-moment 1/2)
}
\context {
\Staff
@seealso
Learning Manual:
@rlearning{Visibility and color of objects},
-@rlearning{Vocal ensembles}.
+@rlearning{Vocal ensembles templates}.
Notation Reference:
@ref{Ancient notation},
described in @ref{Formatting text}.
Most of these elements are shown in one or other of the two verses
-in the template, see @qq{Psalms} in @rlearning{Vocal ensembles}.
+in the template, see @rlearning{Psalms}.
@seealso
Learning Manual:
-@rlearning{Vocal ensembles}.
+@rlearning{Psalms},
+@rlearning{Vocal ensembles templates}.
Notation Reference:
@ref{Fonts},
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff