@cindex \addlyrics
The @code{\addlyrics} command is actually just a convenient shortcut
-that can be used instead of having to set up the lyrics through a more
-complicated LilyPond structure.
+that can sometimes be used instead of having to set up the lyrics
+through a more complicated LilyPond structure.
@example
@{ MUSIC @}
@end example
@noindent
+
+@c TODO setting associated voice does more than format extender
+@c lines. Document it properly. Does it have anything to do
+@c with manual durations in lyrics?
+
The value of the property (here: @code{"lala"}) should be the name of
a @code{Voice} context. Without this setting, extender lines
will not be formatted properly.
Here is an example demonstrating manual lyric durations,
-@lilypond[relative=1,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,quote]
-<< \new Voice = "melody" {
+@lilypond[relative=1,verbatim,quote]
+<<
+ \new Voice = "melody" {
\time 3/4
c2 e4 g2.
- }
- \new Lyrics \lyricmode {
- \set associatedVoice = #"melody"
- play2 the4 game2.
- } >>
+ }
+ \new Lyrics \lyricmode {
+ \set associatedVoice = #"melody"
+ play2 the4 game2.
+ }
+>>
+@end lilypond
+
+In some complex vocal music, it may be desirable to place lyrics
+completely independently of notes. In this case do not use
+@code{\lyricsto} or @code{\addlyrics} and do not set
+@code{associatedVoice}:
+
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
+<<
+ \new Staff {
+ \relative c'' {
+ c2 c2
+ d1
+ }
+ }
+ \new Lyrics {
+ \lyricmode {
+ I2 like4. my8 cat!1
+ }
+ }
+ \new Staff {
+ \relative c' {
+ c8 c c c c c c c
+ c8 c c c c c c c
+ }
+ }
+>>
@end lilypond
+@c TODO see also feature request 707 - show how to do this with manual durations
@seealso
Notation Reference:
@funindex \melismaEnd
Sometimes, particularly in Medieval music, several notes are to be
-sung on one syllable; such vocalises are called @rglos{melisma}s, or
-melismata. The syllable to a melisma is usually left-aligned with
-the first note of the melisma.
+sung on one syllable; such vocalises are called melismata, or
+@rglos{melisma}s. The syllable to a melisma is usually
+left-aligned with the first note of the melisma.
When a melisma occurs on a syllable other that the last one in a
word, that syllable is usually joined to the following one with a
@node Techniques specific to lyrics
@subsection Techniques specific to lyrics
+@c TODO this whole section is to be reorganised
+
@menu
* Working with lyrics and variables::
+* Placement of lyrics::
* Lyrics and repeats::
* Divisi lyrics::
-* Lyrics independent of notes::
* Spacing out syllables::
-* Placement of lyrics::
@end menu
The final input would resemble
@example
-<<\new ChoirStaff << @emph{setup the music} >>
- \lyricsto "soprano" @emph{etc}
- \lyricsto "alto" @emph{etc}
-@emph{etc}
+<<
+ \new ChoirStaff <<
+ @emph{setup the music}
+ >>
+ \lyricsto "soprano" @emph{etc}
+ \lyricsto "alto" @emph{etc}
+ @emph{etc}
>>
@end example
@rinternals{Lyrics}.
+@node Placement of lyrics
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Placement of lyrics
+
+@cindex placement of lyrics
+@cindex lyrics, positioning
+
+Depending on the type of music, lyrics may be positioned
+above the staff, below the staff, or between staves. Placing
+lyrics below the associated staff is the easiest, and can be
+achieved by simply defining the Lyrics context below the Staff
+context:
+
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
+\score {
+ <<
+ \new Staff {
+ \new Voice = "melody" {
+ \relative c'' { c4 c c c }
+ }
+ }
+ \new Lyrics {
+ \lyricsto "melody" {
+ Here are the words
+ }
+ }
+ >>
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+Lyrics may be positioned above the staff using one of
+two methods. The simplest is to use the same syntax as
+above and explicitly specify the position of the lyrics:
+
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
+\score {
+ <<
+ \new Staff = "staff" {
+ \new Voice = "melody" {
+ \relative c'' { c4 c c c }
+ }
+ }
+ \new Lyrics \with { alignAboveContext = "staff" } {
+ \lyricsto "melody" {
+ Here are the words
+ }
+ }
+ >>
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+Alternatively, a two-step process may be used. First the Lyrics
+context is declared (without any content) before the Staff and
+Voice contexts, then the @code{\lyricsto} command comes after
+the Voice declaration it references, as follows:
+
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
+\score {
+ <<
+ \new Lyrics = "lyrics"
+ \new Staff {
+ \new Voice = "melody" {
+ \relative c'' { c4 c c c }
+ }
+ }
+ \context Lyrics = "lyrics" {
+ \lyricsto "melody" {
+ Here are the words
+ }
+ }
+ >>
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+When there are two voices on separate staves the lyrics may be
+placed between the staves using either of these methods. Here
+is an example of the second method:
+
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
+\score {
+ \new ChoirStaff <<
+ \new Staff {
+ \new Voice = "sopranos" {
+ \relative c'' { c4 c c c }
+ }
+ }
+ \new Lyrics = "sopranos"
+ \new Lyrics = "contraltos"
+ \new Staff {
+ \new Voice = "contraltos" {
+ \relative c'' { a4 a a a }
+ }
+ }
+ \context Lyrics = "sopranos" {
+ \lyricsto "sopranos" {
+ Sop -- ra -- no words
+ }
+ }
+ \context Lyrics = "contraltos" {
+ \lyricsto "contraltos" {
+ Con -- tral -- to words
+ }
+ }
+ >>
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+Other combinations of lyrics and staves may be generated by
+elaborating these examples, or by examining the
+@rlearning{Vocal ensembles} templates in the Learning Manual.
+
+@seealso
+Learning Manual:
+@rlearning{Vocal ensembles}.
+
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Aligning contexts},
+@ref{Creating contexts}.
+
@node Lyrics and repeats
@unnumberedsubsubsec Lyrics and repeats
}
@end lilypond
-If the repeated section is unfolded with different words, simply
-enter all the words:
+If the repeated section is to be unfolded and has different words,
+simply enter all the words:
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
\score {
@funindex \skip
When the words to a repeated volta section are different, the words
-to each repeat must be entered in separate @code{Lyrics} context.
+to each repeat must be entered in separate @code{Lyrics} contexts.
Earlier unrepeated sections must be skipped in the second and
subsequent repeats. The easiest way to skip several notes is to
use @code{\repeat unfold} around the @code{\skip} command.
@end lilypond
-@node Lyrics independent of notes
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Lyrics independent of notes
-
-@c TODO remove this section? Don't use DevNull
-@c should be all in Manual Syllable durations
-
-@cindex Devnull context
-
-In some complex vocal music, it may be desirable to place
-lyrics completely independently of notes. Music defined
-inside @code{lyricrhythm} disappears into the
-@code{Devnull} context, but the rhythms can still be used
-to place the lyrics.
-
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
-voice = {
- c''2
- \tag #'music { c''2 }
- \tag #'lyricrhythm { c''4. c''8 }
- d''1
-}
-
-lyr = \lyricmode { I like my cat! }
-
-<<
- \new Staff \keepWithTag #'music \voice
- \new Devnull="nowhere" \keepWithTag #'lyricrhythm \voice
- \new Lyrics \lyricsto "nowhere" \lyr
- \new Staff { c'8 c' c' c' c' c' c' c'
- c' c' c' c' c' c' c' c' }
->>
-@end lilypond
-
-This method is recommended only if the music in the @code{Devnull}
-context does not contain melismata. Melismata are defined by the
-@code{Voice} context. Connecting lyrics to a @code{Devnull} context
-makes the voice/lyrics links to get lost, and so does the info on
-melismata. Therefore, if you link lyrics to a @code{Devnull} context,
-the implicit melismata get ignored.
-
-@c Conclusion: do not use devnull for lyrics -FV
-
-@c this clarifies http://code.google.com/p/lilypond/issues/detail?id=248
-
@node Spacing out syllables
@unnumberedsubsubsec Spacing out syllables
-@c TODO move to second item
-
@cindex Spacing lyrics
@cindex Lyrics, increasing space between
@end ignore
-@node Placement of lyrics
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Placement of lyrics
-
-@cindex placement of lyrics
-@cindex lyrics, positioning
-
-@c TODO Add text from -user
-
-Lyrics are positioned above the staff, below the staff, or between
-staves, depending on the type of music. To place lyrics below the
-associated staff simply define the Lyrics context below the Staff
-context:
-
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
-\score {
- <<
- \new Staff {
- \new Voice = "melody" {
- \relative c'' { c4 c c c }
- }
- }
- \new Lyrics {
- \lyricsto "melody" {
- Here are the words
- }
- }
- >>
-}
-@end lilypond
-
-To position lyrics above the staff, place the declaration of the
-Lyrics context before the Staff and Voice contexts, but the
-@code{\lyricsto} command must come after the Voice declaration it
-references, like this:
-
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
-\score {
- <<
- \new Lyrics = "lyrics"
- \new Staff {
- \new Voice = "melody" {
- \relative c'' { c4 c c c }
- }
- }
- \context Lyrics = "lyrics" {
- \lyricsto "melody" {
- Here are the words
- }
- }
- >>
-}
-@end lilypond
-
-Alternatively, the position of the lyrics may be specified
-explicitly:
-
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
-\score {
- <<
- \new Staff = "staff" {
- \new Voice = "melody" {
- \relative c'' { c4 c c c }
- }
- }
- \new Lyrics \with { alignAboveContext = "staff" } {
- \lyricsto "melody" {
- Here are the words
- }
- }
- >>
-}
-@end lilypond
-
-When there are two voices on separate staves the lyrics may be
-placed between the staves using either of these methods. Here
-is an example of the first method:
-
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
-\score {
- \new ChoirStaff <<
- \new Staff {
- \new Voice = "sopranos" {
- \relative c'' { c4 c c c }
- }
- }
- \new Lyrics = "sopranos"
- \new Lyrics = "contraltos"
- \new Staff {
- \new Voice = "contraltos" {
- \relative c'' { a4 a a a }
- }
- }
- \context Lyrics = "sopranos" {
- \lyricsto "sopranos" {
- Sop -- ra -- no words
- }
- }
- \context Lyrics = "contraltos" {
- \lyricsto "contraltos" {
- Con -- tral -- to words
- }
- }
- >>
-}
-@end lilypond
-
-Other combinations of lyrics and staves may be generated by
-elaborating these examples, or by examining the SATB templates in
-the Learning Manual.
-
-@seealso
-Learning Manual:
-@rlearning{Vocal ensembles}.
-
-Notation Reference:
-@ref{Aligning contexts},
-@ref{Creating contexts}.
-
@node Stanzas
@subsection Stanzas
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff