Guide, node Updating translation committishes..
@end ignore
-@c \version "2.13.36"
+@c \version "2.17.6"
@node Vocal music
@section Vocal music
-@c TODO: inspirational headword
+@lilypondfile[quote]{vocal-headword.ly}
This section explains how to typeset vocal music, and make sure
that the lyrics will be aligned with the notes of their melody.
* Manual syllable durations::
* Multiple syllables to one note::
* Multiple notes to one syllable::
-* Skipping notes::
* Extenders and hyphens::
@end menu
@itemize
@item
-Most styles of vocal music use written text as lyrics. An introduction
-to this notation is to be found in @rlearning{Setting simple songs}.
+Most styles of vocal music use written text as lyrics. An
+introduction to this notation is to be found in
+@rlearning{Setting simple songs}.
@item
-Vocal music is likely to require the use of @code{markup} mode, either
-for lyrics of for other text elements (character's names, etc.).
-This syntax is described in @ref{Text markup introduction}.
+Vocal music is likely to require the use of @code{markup} mode,
+either for lyrics or for other text elements (characters' names,
+etc.) This syntax is described in @ref{Text markup introduction}.
@item
-@notation{Ambitus} may be added at the beginning of vocal staves, as explained
-in @ref{Ambitus}.
+@notation{Ambitus} may be added at the beginning of vocal staves,
+as explained in @ref{Ambitus}.
+
+@item
+Dynamic markings by default are placed below the staff, but in
+choral music they are usually placed above the staff in order to
+avoid the lyrics, as explained in @ref{Score layouts for choral}.
@end itemize
Music Glossary:
@rglos{ambitus}.
+Learning Manual:
+@rlearning{Setting simple songs}.
+
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Text markup introduction},
+@ref{Ambitus},
+@ref{Score layouts for choral}.
+
Snippets:
@rlsr{Vocal music}.
+
@node Entering lyrics
@unnumberedsubsubsec Entering lyrics
@cindex lyrics, entering
@cindex entering lyrics
+@cindex formatting in lyrics
+@cindex lyrics, formatting
@cindex punctuation in lyrics
@cindex lyrics punctuation
@cindex spaces in lyrics
Do @emph{not} write
@example
-\override Score.LyricText #'font-shape = #'italic
+\override Score.LyricText.font-shape = #'italic
@end example
@noindent
but instead use
@example
-\override Score . LyricText #'font-shape = #'italic
+\override Score.LyricText.font-shape = #'italic
@end example
Punctuation, lyrics with accented characters, characters from
non-English languages, or special characters (such as the heart
symbol or slanted quotes), may simply be inserted directly
into the input file, providing it is saved with UTF-8 encoding.
-For more information, see @ref{Text encoding}.
+For more information, see @ref{Special characters}.
@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
\relative c'' { d8 c16 a bes8 f e' d c4 }
@c " to balance double quotes for not-so-bright context-sensitive editors
+Great control over the appearance of lyrics comes from using
+@code{\markup} inside the lyrics themselves. For explanation of many
+options, see @ref{Formatting text}.
+
+@snippets
+
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
+{formatting-lyrics-syllables.ly}
+
+
@seealso
Learning Manual:
@rlearning{Songs}.
Notation Reference:
@ref{Automatic syllable durations},
@ref{Fonts},
+@ref{Formatting text},
@ref{Input modes},
-@ref{Manual syllable durations}.
+@ref{Manual syllable durations},
+@ref{Special characters}.
Internals Reference:
@rinternals{LyricText}.
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Text}.
+
@node Aligning lyrics to a melody
@unnumberedsubsubsec Aligning lyrics to a melody
Learning Manual:
@rlearning{Aligning lyrics to a melody}.
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Contexts explained},
+@ref{Automatic syllable durations},
+@ref{Stanzas},
+@ref{Manual syllable durations},
+@ref{Dialogue over music},
+@ref{Manual syllable durations}.
+
Internals Reference:
@rinternals{Lyrics}.
+
@node Automatic syllable durations
@unnumberedsubsubsec Automatic syllable durations
@code{\addlyrics} sections:
-@lilypond[ragged-right,verbatim,relative=1,quote]
-\time 3/4
-\relative c' { c2 e4 g2. }
-\addlyrics { play the game }
-\addlyrics { speel het spel }
-\addlyrics { joue le jeu }
+@lilypond[ragged-right,verbatim,quote]
+{
+ \time 3/4
+ \relative c' { c2 e4 g2. }
+ \addlyrics { play the game }
+ \addlyrics { speel het spel }
+ \addlyrics { joue le jeu }
+}
@end lilypond
The command @code{\addlyrics} cannot handle polyphonic settings.
@seealso
Notation Reference:
@ref{Extenders and hyphens},
-@ref{Keeping contexts alive}.
+@ref{Keeping contexts alive},
+@ref{Placing lyrics vertically}.
+
@node Manual syllable durations
@unnumberedsubsubsec Manual syllable durations
In order to assign more than one syllable to a single note with
spaces between the syllables, you can surround the phrase with
quotes or use a @code{_} character. Alternatively, you can use
-code the tilde symbol (@code{~}) to get a lyric tie. The lyric
-tie is implemented with the Unicode character U+203F, so be
-sure to have a font (like DejaVuLGC) installed that includes this
-glyph.
+the tilde symbol (@code{~}) to get a lyric tie.
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,relative=1,verbatim]
-\time 3/4
-\relative c' { c2 e4 g2 e4 }
-\addlyrics { gran- de_a- mi- go }
-\addlyrics { pu- "ro y ho-" nes- to }
-\addlyrics { pu- ro~y~ho- nes- to }
+@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
+{
+ \relative c'' { \autoBeamOff
+ r8 b c fis, fis c' b e, }
+ \addlyrics { Che_in ques -- ta_e_in quel -- l'al -- tr'on -- da }
+ \addlyrics { "Che in" ques -- "ta e in" quel -- l'al -- tr'on -- da }
+ \addlyrics { Che~in ques -- ta~e~in quel -- l'al -- tr'on -- da }
+}
@end lilypond
-
@seealso
Internals Reference:
@rinternals{LyricCombineMusic}.
When a melisma occurs on a syllable other that the last one in a
word, that syllable is usually joined to the following one with a
hyphenated line. This is indicated by placing a double hyphen,
-@code{--}, immediately after the syllable.
+@w{@code{--}}, immediately after the syllable.
Alternatively, when a melisma occurs on the last or only syllable in
a word an extender line is usually drawn from the end of the syllable
>>
@end lilypond
+Note that phrasing slurs do not affect the creation of melismata.
+
@item
Notes are considered a melisma if they are manually beamed,
providing automatic beaming is switched off. See
>>
@end lilypond
-Note that this method cannot be used to indicate two melismata if
-the first one is immediately followed by another.
-
@item
A melisma can be defined entirely in the lyrics by entering a
single underscore character, @code{_}, for every extra note that has
It is possible to have ties, slurs and manual beams in the melody
without their indicating melismata. To do this, set
-@code{melismaBusyProperties} and indicate the melismata with single
-underscores in the lyrics, one underscore for each extra note:
+@code{melismaBusyProperties}:
@lilypond[relative=1,verbatim,quote]
<<
\time 3/4
\set melismaBusyProperties = #'()
c4 d ( e )
- g8 [ f ] f4( e)
- d e ~ e
+ g8 [ f ] f4 ~ f
}
\new Lyrics \lyricsto "melody" {
- Ky -- _ _ _ _ ri -- _ _ e __ _
+ Ky -- ri -- e e -- le -- i -- son
}
>>
@end lilypond
Other settings for @code{melismaBusyProperties} can be used to
-include or exclude ties, slurs, and beams from the automatic
-detection of melismata; see @code{melismaBusyProperties} in
-@rinternals{Tunable context properties}.
+selectively include or exclude ties, slurs, and beams from the
+automatic detection of melismata; see @code{melismaBusyProperties}
+in @rinternals{Tunable context properties}.
+
+Alternatively, if all melismata indications are to be ignored,
+@code{ignoreMelismata} may be set true;
+see @ref{Stanzas with different rhythms}.
+
+If a melisma is required during a passage in which
+@code{melismaBusyProperties} is active, it may be indicated by
+placing a single underscore in the lyrics for each note which
+should be included in the melisma:
+
+@lilypond[relative=1,verbatim,quote]
+<<
+ \new Voice = "melody" {
+ \time 3/4
+ \set melismaBusyProperties = #'()
+ c4 d ( e )
+ g8 [ f ] ~ f4 ~ f
+ }
+ \new Lyrics \lyricsto "melody" {
+ Ky -- ri -- _ e __ _ _ _
+ }
+>>
+@end lilypond
+
@predefined
Notation Reference:
@ref{Aligning lyrics to a melody},
@ref{Automatic syllable durations},
-@ref{Setting automatic beam behavior}.
+@ref{Setting automatic beam behavior},
+@ref{Stanzas with different rhythms}.
Internals Reference:
@rinternals{Tunable context properties}.
@knownissues
-
Extender lines under melismata are not created automatically; they
must be inserted manually with a double underscore.
-@node Skipping notes
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Skipping notes
-
-Making a lyric line run slower than the melody can be achieved by
-inserting @code{\skip}s into the lyrics. For every @code{\skip},
-the text will be delayed by another note. The @code{\skip} command
-must be followed by a valid duration, but this is ignored when
-@code{\skip} is used in lyrics which derive their durations from the
-notes in an associated melody through @code{\addlyrics} or
-@code{\lyricsto}.
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
-\relative c' { c c g' }
-\addlyrics {
- twin -- \skip 4
- kle
-}
-@end lilypond
-
@node Extenders and hyphens
@unnumberedsubsubsec Extenders and hyphens
(threshold below which hyphens are removed) properties of
@code{LyricHyphen}.
-
@seealso
Internals Reference:
@rinternals{LyricExtender},
}
@end lilypond
-
@seealso
Notation Reference:
@ref{Placing lyrics vertically}.
@end lilypond
Lyrics may be positioned above the staff using one of
-two methods. The simplest is to use the same syntax as
-above and explicitly specify the position of the lyrics:
+two methods. The simplest (and preferred) method
+is to use the same syntax as above and explicitly
+specify the position of the lyrics:
@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
\score {
@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
\score {
<<
- \new Lyrics = "lyrics"
+ \new Lyrics = "lyrics" \with {
+ % lyrics above a staff should have this override
+ \override VerticalAxisGroup.staff-affinity = #DOWN
+ }
\new Staff {
\new Voice = "melody" {
\relative c'' { c4 c c c }
}
}
\new Lyrics = "sopranos"
- \new Lyrics = "contraltos"
+ \new Lyrics = "contraltos" \with {
+ % lyrics above a staff should have this override
+ \override VerticalAxisGroup.staff-affinity = #DOWN
+ }
\new Staff {
\new Voice = "contraltos" {
\relative c'' { a4 a a a }
elaborating these examples, or by examining the
@rlearning{Vocal ensembles} templates in the Learning Manual.
+@snippets
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
+{obtaining-2.12-lyrics-spacing-in-newer-versions.ly}
+
@seealso
Learning Manual:
@rlearning{Vocal ensembles}.
Notation Reference:
-@ref{Aligning contexts},
+@ref{Context layout order},
@ref{Creating contexts}.
+
@node Placing syllables horizontally
@unnumberedsubsubsec Placing syllables horizontally
@cindex Spacing lyrics
@cindex Lyrics, increasing space between
-To increase the spacing between lyrics, set the @code{minimum-distance}
-property of @code{LyricSpace}.
+To increase the spacing between lyrics, set the
+@code{minimum-distance} property of @code{LyricSpace}.
@lilypond[relative=1,verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
{
c c c c
- \override Lyrics.LyricSpace #'minimum-distance = #1.0
+ \override Lyrics.LyricSpace.minimum-distance = #1.0
c c c c
}
\addlyrics {
\layout {
\context {
\Lyrics
- \override LyricSpace #'minimum-distance = #1.0
+ \override LyricSpace.minimum-distance = #1.0
}
}
}
@end lilypond
@snippets
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
{lyrics-alignment.ly}
@c TODO: move to LSR -vv
-Checking to make sure that text scripts and lyrics are within the margins is
-a relatively large computational task. To speed up processing, LilyPond does
-not perform such calculations by default; to enable it, use
+Checking to make sure that text scripts and lyrics are within the margins
+requires additional calculations. To speed up processing slightly, this
+feature can be disabled:
@example
-\override Score.PaperColumn #'keep-inside-line = ##t
+\override Score.PaperColumn.keep-inside-line = ##f
@end example
To make lyrics avoid bar lines as well, use
\Lyrics
\consists "Bar_engraver"
\consists "Separating_line_group_engraver"
- \override BarLine #'transparent = ##t
+ \override BarLine.transparent = ##t
@}
@}
@end example
-@c TODO Create and add lsr example of lyricMelismaAlignment
-@c It's used like this to center-align all lyric syllables,
-@c even when notes are tied. -td
-
-@ignore
-\layout
-{
- \context { \Score lyricMelismaAlignment = #0 }
-}
-@end ignore
-
-
@node Lyrics and repeats
@unnumberedsubsubsec Lyrics and repeats
}
@end lilypond
-@cindex lyric skip
-@funindex \skip
-
When the words to a repeated volta section are different, the words
-to each repeat must be entered in separate @code{Lyrics} contexts.
-Earlier unrepeated sections must be skipped in the second and
-subsequent repeats. The easiest way to skip several notes is to
-use @code{\repeat unfold} around the @code{\skip} command.
-
-Note: do not use an underscore, @code{_}, to skip notes in this
-particular case. As this syntax indicates a melisma, it will cause
-the preceding syllable to be left-aligned.
-
-@warning{The @code{@bs{}skip} command must be followed by a number,
-but this number is ignored in lyrics which derive their durations
-from the notes in an associated melody through @code{\addlyrics} or
-@code{\lyricsto}. Each @code{@bs{}skip} skips a single note of any
-value, irrespective of the value of the following number.}
+to each repeat must be entered in separate @code{Lyrics} contexts,
+correctly nested in parallel sections:
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
\score {
}
}
}
- \new Lyrics {
- \lyricsto "melody" {
- Not re -- peat -- ed.
- The first time words.
- }
+ \new Lyrics \lyricsto "melody" {
+ Not re -- peat -- ed.
+ <<
+ { The first time words. }
+ \new Lyrics {
+ \set associatedVoice = "melody"
+ Sec -- ond time words.
+ }
+ >>
}
- \new Lyrics {
- \lyricsto "melody" {
- % skip 4 notes of any duration
- \repeat unfold 4 { \skip 1 }
- Sec -- ond time words.
+ >>
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+More verses may be added in a similar way:
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\score {
+ <<
+ \new Staff {
+ \new Voice = "singleVoice" {
+ \relative c'' {
+ a4 a a a
+ \repeat volta 3 { b4 b b b }
+ c4 c c c
+ }
}
}
+ \new Lyrics \lyricsto "singleVoice" {
+ Not re -- peat -- ed.
+ <<
+ { The first time words. }
+ \new Lyrics {
+ \set associatedVoice = "singleVoice"
+ Sec -- ond time words.
+ }
+ \new Lyrics {
+ \set associatedVoice = "singleVoice"
+ The third time words.
+ }
+ >>
+ The end sec -- tion.
+ }
>>
}
@end lilypond
-@cindex lyrics, repeating with a temporary voice
+@cindex alignBelowContext
+@funindex alignBelowContext
-An alternative way, which avoids skips and having to count notes,
-is to use a temporary voice for the repeated section. This may be
-preferable if the earlier sections are still subject to change. A
-temporary voice can be inserted anywhere in the main music stream
-in parallel with it, as shown below, but it may be necessary to
-keep the main voice alive in complex scores when using this
-technique; see @ref{Keeping contexts alive}.
+However, if this construct is embedded within a multi-staved
+context such as a @code{ChoirStaff} the lyrics of the second and
+third verses will appear beneath the bottom staff.
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
+To position them correctly use @code{alignBelowContext}:
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
\score {
<<
\new Staff {
- \new Voice = "singleVoice" {
- \relative c'' { a4 a a a }
- \new Voice = "repeatVoice" {
- \relative c'' \repeat volta 3 { b4 b b b }
- }
- \relative c'' { c4 c c c }
+ \new Voice = "melody" {
+ \relative c'' {
+ a4 a a a
+ \repeat volta 3 { b4 b b b }
+ c4 c c c
+ }
}
}
- \new Lyrics <<
- \lyricsto "singleVoice" {
- Not re -- peat -- ed.
- The end sec -- tion.
- }
- \lyricsto "repeatVoice" {
- The first time words.
- }
- >>
- \new Lyrics {
- \lyricsto "repeatVoice" {
- Sec -- ond time words.
- }
+ \new Lyrics = "firstVerse" \lyricsto "melody" {
+ Not re -- peat -- ed.
+ <<
+ { The first time words. }
+ \new Lyrics = "secondVerse"
+ \with { alignBelowContext = #"firstVerse" } {
+ \set associatedVoice = "melody"
+ Sec -- ond time words.
+ }
+ \new Lyrics = "thirdVerse"
+ \with { alignBelowContext = #"secondVerse" } {
+ \set associatedVoice = "melody"
+ The third time words.
+ }
+ >>
+ The end sec -- tion.
}
- \new Lyrics {
- \lyricsto "repeatVoice" {
- The third time words.
+ \new Voice = "harmony" {
+ \relative c' {
+ f4 f f f \repeat volta 2 { g8 g g4 g2 } a4 a8. a16 a2
}
}
>>
}
@end lilypond
-@c TODO lowering a common line of lyrics
+
+
+@c TODO positioning a common line of lyrics
@subheading Repeats with alternative endings
}
@end lilypond
+@funindex \skip
+@cindex skipping notes in lyrics
+@cindex lyrics, skipping notes
+
But when the repeated section has different words, a repeat
construct cannot be used around the words and @code{\skip} commands
-have to be inserted manually as described in the previous section to
-skip over the notes in the alternative sections which do not apply.
+have to be inserted manually to skip over the notes in the
+alternative sections which do not apply.
+
+Note: do not use an underscore, @code{_}, to skip notes -- an
+underscore indicates a melisma, causing the preceding syllable
+to be left-aligned.
+
+@warning{The @code{@bs{}skip} command must be followed by a number,
+but this number is ignored in lyrics which derive their durations
+from the notes in an associated melody through @code{\addlyrics} or
+@code{\lyricsto}. Each @code{@bs{}skip} skips a single note of any
+value, irrespective of the value of the following number.}
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
\score {
}
@end lilypond
+@seealso
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Keeping contexts alive},
+@ref{Repeats}.
@node Divisi lyrics
Stanzas differing in loudness may be indicated by putting a
dynamics mark before each stanza. In LilyPond, everything coming in
-front of a stanza goes into the @code{StanzaNumber} object; dynamics marks
-are no different. For technical reasons, you have to set the stanza
-outside @code{\lyricmode}:
+front of a stanza goes into the @code{StanzaNumber} object; dynamics
+marks are no different. For technical reasons, you have to set the
+stanza outside @code{\lyricmode}:
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
text = {
Names of singers can also be added. They are printed at the start of
the line, just like instrument names. They are created by setting
-@code{vocalName}. A short version may be entered as @code{shortVocalName}.
+@code{vocalName}. A short version may be entered as
+@code{shortVocalName}.
@lilypond[ragged-right,quote,verbatim,relative=2]
\new Voice {
@subsubheading Adding syllables to grace notes
+@cindex grace notes and lyrics
+@cindex lyrics on grace notes
+
By default, grace notes (e.g. via @code{\grace}) do not get assigned
syllables when using @code{\lyricsto}, but this behavior can be
changed:
@lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
-\relative c' {
- f4 \appoggiatura a32 b4
- \grace { f16[ a16] } b2
- \afterGrace b2 { f16[ a16] }
- \appoggiatura a32 b4
- \acciaccatura a8 b4
-}
-\addlyrics {
- normal
- \set includeGraceNotes = ##t
- case,
- gra -- ce case,
- after -- grace case,
- \set ignoreMelismata = ##t
- app. case,
- acc. case.
-}
+<<
+ \new Voice = melody \relative c' {
+ f4 \appoggiatura a32 b4
+ \grace { f16[ a16] } b2
+ \afterGrace b2 { f16[ a16] }
+ \appoggiatura a32 b4
+ \acciaccatura a8 b4
+ }
+ \new Lyrics
+ \lyricsto melody {
+ normal
+ \set includeGraceNotes = ##t
+ case,
+ gra -- ce case,
+ after -- grace case,
+ \set ignoreMelismata = ##t
+ app. case,
+ acc. case.
+ }
+>>
@end lilypond
@knownissues
\voiceOne
\times 2/3 {
% show associations clearly.
- \override NoteColumn #'force-hshift = #-3
+ \override NoteColumn.force-hshift = #-3
f8 f g
}
}
@end lilypond
@noindent
-The text for the first stanza is set to the melody called @q{lahlah}
-in the usual way, but the second stanza is set initally to the
-@code{lahlah} context and is then switched to the @code{alternative}
-melody for the syllables @q{ran} to @q{sau} by the lines:
+The text for the first stanza is set to the melody called
+@q{lahlah} in the usual way, but the second stanza is set initally
+to the @code{lahlah} context and is then switched to the
+@code{alternative} melody for the syllables @q{ran} to @q{sau} by
+the lines:
@example
\set associatedVoice = "alternative" % applies to "ran"
@lilypond[ragged-right,quote,verbatim]
melody = \relative c' {
- c c c c | d d d d
+ c4 c c c | d d d d
}
text = \lyricmode {
It has two lines.
}
-\score{ <<
+\score {
+ <<
\new Voice = "one" { \melody }
\new Lyrics \lyricsto "one" \text
- >>
+ >>
\layout { }
}
\markup {
\fill-line {
\hspace #0.1 % moves the column off the left margin;
- % can be removed if space on the page is tight
+ % can be removed if space on the page is tight
\column {
\line { \bold "2."
\column {
"It has two lines."
}
}
- \hspace #0.1 % adds vertical spacing between verses
+ \vspace #0.1 % adds vertical spacing between verses
\line { \bold "3."
\column {
"This is verse three."
}
}
}
- \hspace #0.1 % adds horizontal spacing between columns;
- % if they are still too close, add more " " pairs
- % until the result looks good
- \column {
+ \hspace #0.1 % adds horizontal spacing between columns;
+ \column {
\line { \bold "4."
\column {
"This is verse four."
"It has two lines."
}
}
- \hspace #0.1 % adds vertical spacing between verses
+ \vspace #0.1 % adds vertical spacing between verses
\line { \bold "5."
\column {
"This is verse five."
}
}
\hspace #0.1 % gives some extra space on the right margin;
- % can be removed if page space is tight
+ % can be removed if page space is tight
}
}
@end lilypond
@item
Songs are frequently printed with the chording indicated by chord
-names above the staves. This is described in
-@ref{Displaying chords}.
+names above the staves. This is described in @ref{Displaying chords}.
@item
To print fret diagrams of the chords for guitar accompaniment or
Snippets:
@rlsr{Vocal music}.
+
@node Lead sheets
@unnumberedsubsubsec Lead sheets
-Lead sheets may be printed by combining vocal parts and @q{chord mode};
-this syntax is explained in @ref{Chord notation}.
+Lead sheets may be printed by combining vocal parts and
+@q{chord mode}; this syntax is explained in @ref{Chord notation}.
@snippets
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
{simple-lead-sheet.ly}
@seealso
@ref{Grouping staves}.
@item
-Shape noteheads, as used in Sacred Harp and similar notation, are
+Shape note heads, as used in Sacred Harp and similar notation, are
described in @ref{Shape note heads}.
@item
@rinternals{Lyrics},
@rinternals{PianoStaff}.
+
@node Score layouts for choral
@unnumberedsubsubsec Score layouts for choral
@item
For details of other page formatting properties, see
-@ref{Page formatting}.
+@ref{Page layout}.
@end itemize
\layout {
\context {
\Score
- \override DynamicText #'direction = #UP
- \override DynamicLineSpanner #'direction = #UP
+ \override DynamicText.direction = #UP
+ \override DynamicLineSpanner.direction = #UP
}
}
}
@ref{Changing spacing},
@ref{Displaying spacing},
@ref{Fitting music onto fewer pages},
-@ref{Page formatting},
+@ref{Page layout},
@ref{Score layout},
@ref{Separating systems},
@ref{Setting the staff size},
@cindex voices, divided
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
{using-arpeggiobracket-to-make-divisi-more-visible.ly}
@seealso
@item
For details of other page formatting properties, see
-@ref{Page formatting}.
+@ref{Page layout}.
@item
-Dialogue cues and stage directions can be inserted with markup.
-See @ref{Text}. Extensive stage directions can be inserted with
-a section of stand-alone markup between two @code{\score} blocks.
-See @ref{Separate text}.
+Dialogue cues, stage directions and footnotes can be inserted, see
+@ref{Creating footnotes} and @ref{Text}. Extensive stage directions
+can also be added with a section of stand-alone markups between two
+@code{\score} blocks, see @ref{Separate text}.
@end itemize
@rglos{transposing instrument}.
Notation Reference:
+@ref{Creating footnotes},
@ref{Grouping staves},
@ref{Hiding staves},
@ref{Instrument transpositions},
@ref{Nested staff groups},
-@ref{Page formatting},
+@ref{Page layout},
@ref{Separating systems},
@ref{Transpose},
@ref{Writing parts},
Extending LilyPond:
@rextend{Markup construction in Scheme}.
+
@node Musical cues
@unnumberedsubsubsec Musical cues
c4. g8
% position name of cue-ing instrument just before the cue notes,
% and above the staff
- s1*0^\markup { \right-align { \tiny "Flute" } }
+ \new CueVoice {
+ \override InstrumentSwitch.self-alignment-X = #RIGHT
+ \set instrumentCueName = "Flute"
+ }
\cueDuring "flute" #UP { g4 bes4 }
}
pianoLH = \relative c { c4 <c' e> e, <g c> }
specify its key so the conversion of its cue notes will be done
automatically. The example below shows this transposition for a
B-flat clarinet. The notes in this example are low on the staff so
-@code{#DOWN} is specified in @code{\cueDuring} (so the stems are
+@code{DOWN} is specified in @code{\cueDuring} (so the stems are
down) and the instrument name is positioned below the staff. Note
also that the piano right-hand voice is explicitly declared. This
is because the cue notes in this example begin at the start of the
pianoRH = \relative c'' {
\transposition c'
% position name of cue-ing instrument below the staff
- s1*0_\markup { \right-align { \tiny "Clar." } }
+ \new CueVoice {
+ \override InstrumentSwitch.self-alignment-X = #RIGHT
+ \override InstrumentSwitch.direction = #DOWN
+ \set instrumentCueName = "Clar."
+ }
\cueDuring "clarinet" #DOWN { c4. g8 }
g4 bes4
}
and to make the piano notes clearer.
@snippets
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
{adding-orchestral-cues-to-a-vocal-score.ly}
@seealso
@cindex parlato
@cindex Sprechgesang
-Such effects as @q{parlato} or @q{Sprechgesang} require performers to speak
-without pitch but still with rhythm; these are notated by cross
+Such effects as @q{parlato} or @q{Sprechgesang} require performers to
+speak without pitch but still with rhythm; these are notated by cross
note heads, as demonstrated in @ref{Special note heads}.
@c TODO add "marking-notes-on-spoken-parts" snippet -vv
dialogue to avoid running into the right margin. The final word of
the last measure on a line should also be separated out, as above.
-Here is an example illustating how this might be done.
+Here is an example illustrating how this might be done.
@c This should be a snippet, but it can't be as it needs to be
@c manually adjusted to suit the imposed line length. -td
\score {
<<
\new Lyrics \with {
- \override LyricText #'font-shape = #'italic
- \override LyricText #'self-alignment-X = #LEFT
+ \override LyricText.font-shape = #'italic
+ \override LyricText.self-alignment-X = #LEFT
}
{ \dialogue }
\new Staff {
with the rhythm being taken from the spoken rhythm of the words.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-stemOff = { \override Staff.Stem #'transparent = ##t }
+stemOff = { \override Staff.Stem.transparent = ##t }
\relative c' {
\stemOff
\layout {
\context {
\Staff
- \remove Bar_engraver
+ \remove "Bar_engraver"
}
}
}
\score {
\new ChoirStaff <<
\new Staff
- \with { \remove Bar_engraver } {
+ \with { \remove "Bar_engraver" } {
\relative c'' {
a4 b c2 |
a4 b c2 |
To remove bar lines from just a section of music treat it as a
cadenza. If the section is long you may need to insert dummy
-barlines with @code{\bar ""} to show where the line should break.
+bar lines with @code{\bar ""} to show where the line should break.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
a4 b c2 |
\bar "'"
a4 b c2
a4 b c2
-\bar ":"
+\bar ";"
a4 b c2
-\bar "dashed"
+\bar "!"
a4 b c2
\bar "||"
@end lilypond
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
divisioMinima = {
- \once \override BreathingSign #'stencil = #ly:breathing-sign::divisio-minima
- \once \override BreathingSign #'Y-offset = #0
+ \once \override BreathingSign.stencil = #ly:breathing-sign::divisio-minima
+ \once \override BreathingSign.Y-offset = #0
\breathe
}
divisioMaior = {
- \once \override BreathingSign #'stencil = #ly:breathing-sign::divisio-maior
- \once \override BreathingSign #'Y-offset = #0
+ \once \override BreathingSign.stencil = #ly:breathing-sign::divisio-maior
+ \once \override BreathingSign.Y-offset = #0
\breathe
}
divisioMaxima = {
- \once \override BreathingSign #'stencil = #ly:breathing-sign::divisio-maxima
- \once \override BreathingSign #'Y-offset = #0
+ \once \override BreathingSign.stencil = #ly:breathing-sign::divisio-maxima
+ \once \override BreathingSign.Y-offset = #0
\breathe
}
finalis = {
- \once \override BreathingSign #'stencil = #ly:breathing-sign::finalis
- \once \override BreathingSign #'Y-offset = #0
+ \once \override BreathingSign.stencil = #ly:breathing-sign::finalis
+ \once \override BreathingSign.Y-offset = #0
\breathe
}
\layout {
\context {
\Staff
- \remove Bar_engraver
+ \remove "Bar_engraver"
}
}
}
\layout {
\context {
\Staff
- \remove Bar_engraver
- \remove Time_signature_engraver
- \remove Clef_engraver
+ \remove "Bar_engraver"
+ \remove "Time_signature_engraver"
+ \remove "Clef_engraver"
}
}
}
\layout {
\context {
\Score
- \override SpacingSpanner
- #'base-shortest-duration = #(ly:make-moment 1 2)
+ \override SpacingSpanner.base-shortest-duration = #(ly:make-moment 1 2)
}
\context {
\Staff
@snippets
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
{chant-or-psalms-notation.ly}
Canticles and other liturgical texts may be set more freely, and
are spaced in accordance with the syllables rather than the notes'
durations.
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
{ancient-notation-template----modern-transcription-of-gregorian-music.ly}
@seealso
the start of the music and @code{\bar "|"} or @code{\bar "||"}
commands at the end of each line.
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
{hymn-template.ly}
@node Ancient vocal music
@subsection Ancient vocal music
-Ancient vocal music is supported, as explained in @ref{Ancient notation}.
+Ancient vocal music is supported, as explained in
+@ref{Ancient notation}.
@c TODO
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff