Translation of GIT committish: FILL-IN-HEAD-COMMITTISH
When revising a translation, copy the HEAD committish of the
- version that you are working on. See TRANSLATION for details.
+ version that you are working on. For details, see the Contributors'
+ Guide, node Updating translation committishes..
@end ignore
-@c \version "2.12.0"
+@c \version "2.13.36"
@node Text
@section Text
@cindex non-empty texts
@cindex quoted text
-Simple @qq{quoted text} indications may be added to a score.
+Simple @qq{quoted text} indications may be added to a score, as
+demonstrated in the following example. Such indications may be
+manually placed above or below the staff, using the syntax described
+in @ref{Direction and placement}.
@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=2]
a8^"pizz." g f e a4-"scherz." f
a4_\markup { \tiny scherz. \bold molto } f
@end lilypond
-@qq{Quoted text} and @code{\markup} commands may be manually
-placed above or below the staff; see @ref{Direction and
-placement}.
-
By default, text indications do not influence the note spacing.
However, their widths can be taken into account:
in the following example, the first text string does not affect
a4_"scherzando" f
@end lilypond
+In addition to text scripts, articulations can be attached to notes.
+For more information, see @ref{Articulations and ornamentations}.
+
+For more information about the relative ordering of text scripts and
+articulations, see @rlearning{Placement of objects}.
-@predefined
@funindex \textLengthOn
-@code{\textLengthOn},
+@funindex textLengthOn
@funindex \textLengthOff
+@funindex textLengthOff
+
+@predefined
+@code{\textLengthOn},
@code{\textLengthOff}.
@endpredefined
@seealso
+Learning Manual:
+@rlearning{Placement of objects}.
+
Notation Reference:
@ref{Formatting text},
@ref{Direction and placement}.
@rinternals{TextScript}.
+@cindex text outside margin
+@cindex margin, text running over
+@cindex text, keeping inside margin
+@cindex lyrics, keeping inside margin
+
+
@knownissues
Checking to make sure that text scripts and lyrics are within the
@node Text spanners
@unnumberedsubsubsec Text spanners
-@cindex Text spanners
+@cindex text spanners
Some performance indications, e.g., @notation{rallentando} or
@notation{accelerando}, are written as text and are extended over
-multiple notes with dotted lines.
-Such objects, called @qq{spanners}, may be created
-from one note to another using the following syntax:
+multiple notes with dotted lines. Such objects, called @qq{spanners},
+may be created from one note to another using the following syntax:
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
\override TextSpanner #'(bound-details left text) = "rit."
e,\stopTextSpan
@end lilypond
+@cindex text spanners, formatting
+@cindex formatting text spanners
+
@noindent
-The string to be printed is set through
-object properties. By default it is printed in italic characters,
-but different formatting can be obtained using
-@code{\markup} blocks, as described in @ref{Formatting text}.
+The string to be printed is set through object properties. By default
+it is printed in italic characters, but different formatting can be
+obtained using @code{\markup} blocks, as described in @ref{Formatting
+text}.
@lilypond[quote,relative=2,verbatim]
\override TextSpanner #'(bound-details left text) =
The line style, as well as the text string, can be defined as an
object property. This syntax is described in @ref{Line styles}.
+Text spanners are part of the @code{Dynamics} context; see
+@rinternals{Dynamics}.
-Text spanners may be manually placed above or below the staff; see
-@ref{Direction and placement}.
+
+@funindex \textSpannerUp
+@funindex textSpannerUp
+@funindex \textSpannerDown
+@funindex textSpannerDown
+@funindex \textSpannerNeutral
+@funindex textSpannerNeutral
@predefined
-@funindex textSpannerUp
@code{\textSpannerUp},
-@funindex textSpannerDown
@code{\textSpannerDown},
-@funindex textSpannerNeutral
@code{\textSpannerNeutral}.
@endpredefined
+@knownissues
+LilyPond is only able to handle one text spanner per voice.
+
+@snippets
+
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+{dynamics-text-spanner-postfix.ly}
+
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+{dynamics-custom-text-spanner-postfix.ly}
@seealso
Notation Reference:
@ref{Line styles},
-@ref{Dynamics},
-@ref{Direction and placement}.
+@ref{Dynamics}.
Snippets:
-@rlsr{Text}.
+@rlsr{Text},
+@rlsr{Expressive marks}.
Internals Reference:
-@rinternals{TextSpanner}.
+@rinternals{TextSpanner},
+@rinternals{Dynamics}.
@node Text marks
@unnumberedsubsubsec Text marks
+
+@cindex text marks
+@cindex marks, text
+@cindex text on bar line
@cindex coda on bar line
@cindex segno on bar line
@cindex fermata on bar line
@cindex bar lines, symbols on
+
@funindex \mark
+@funindex mark
+@funindex \markup
+@funindex markup
Various text elements may be added to a score using
the syntax described in @ref{Rehearsal marks}:
@snippets
@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
-{printing-marks-at-the-end-of-a-line-or-a-score.ly}
+{printing-marks-at-the-end-of-a-line.ly}
@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
{aligning-marks-with-various-notation-objects.ly}
@rlsr{Text}.
Internals Reference:
+@rinternals{MarkEvent},
+@rinternals{Mark_engraver},
@rinternals{RehearsalMark}.
-@knownissues
-@c To be removed when Issue 69 in the tracker gets fixed. -vv
-
-If a mark is entered at the end of the last bar of the score (where
-there is no next line), then the mark will not be printed at
-all.
-
@node Separate text
@unnumberedsubsubsec Separate text
@cindex separate text
+@cindex text, separate
@cindex standalone text
@cindex top-level text
+@cindex text, top-level
@cindex text, standalone
+
@funindex \markup
+@funindex markup
A @code{\markup} block can exist by itself, outside of any
-any @code{\score} block, as a @qq{top-level
-expression}. This syntax is described in @ref{File structure}.
+@code{\score} block, as a @qq{top-level expression}. This syntax
+is described in @ref{File structure}.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
\markup {
@end lilypond
@noindent
-This allows printing text separately
-from the music, which is particularly
-useful when the input file contains
-several music pieces, as described in
-@ref{Multiple scores in a book}.
+This allows printing text separately from the music, which is
+particularly useful when the input file contains several music pieces,
+as described in @ref{Multiple scores in a book}.
@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
\score {
requires, are described in @ref{Multi-page markup}.
-@predefined
+@funindex \markup
+@funindex markup
@funindex \markuplines
+@funindex markuplines
+
+@predefined
@code{\markup},
@code{\markuplines}.
@endpredefined
@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
{stand-alone-two-column-markup.ly}
+
@seealso
-Notation Reference: @ref{Formatting text},
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Formatting text},
@ref{File structure},
@ref{Multiple scores in a book},
@ref{Multi-page markup}.
Snippets:
@rlsr{Text}.
-Internals Reference: @rinternals{TextScript}.
+Internals Reference:
+@rinternals{TextScript}.
@node Formatting text
@cindex text markup
@cindex markup text
@cindex typeset text
+
@funindex \markup
+@funindex markup
A @code{\markup} block is used to typeset text with an extensible
syntax called @qq{markup mode}.
@cindex markup expressions
+@cindex expressions, markup
@cindex markup syntax
+@cindex syntax, markup
The markup syntax is similar to LilyPond's usual syntax: a
@code{\markup} expression is enclosed in curly braces @code{@{
@dots{} @}}. A single word is regarded as a minimal expression,
and therefore does not need to be enclosed with braces.
-Unlike simple @qq{quoted text} indications, @code{\markup} blocks
-may contain nested expressions or markup commands,
-entered using the backslash @code{\} character.
-Such commands only affect the first following expression.
+Unlike simple @qq{quoted text} indications, @code{\markup} blocks may
+contain nested expressions or markup commands, entered using the
+backslash @code{\} character. Such commands only affect the first
+following expression.
@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=2]
a1-\markup intenso
@cindex special characters in markup mode
@cindex markup mode, special characters
@cindex reserved characters, printing
+@cindex printing reserved characters
@cindex printing special characters
@cindex quoted text in markup mode
+@cindex markup mode, quoted text
-A @code{\markup} block may also contain quoted text strings.
-Such strings are treated as minimal text expressions, and
-therefore any markup command or special character (such as
-@code{\} and @code{#}) will be printed verbatim without affecting
-the formatting of the text. Double quotation marks themselves
-may be printed by preceding them with backslashes.
+A @code{\markup} block may also contain quoted text strings. Such
+strings are treated as minimal text expressions, and therefore any
+markup command or special character (such as @code{\} and @code{#})
+will be printed verbatim without affecting the formatting of the text.
+Double quotation marks themselves may be printed by preceding them
+with backslashes.
@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=2]
a1^"\italic markup..."
a a
@end lilypond
-To be treated as a distinct expression, a list of words needs
-to be enclosed with double quotes or preceded by a command.
-The way markup expressions are defined affects how these
-expressions will be stacked, centered and aligned; in the
-following example, the second @code{\markup} expression is
-treated the same as the first one:
+To be treated as a distinct expression, a list of words needs to be
+enclosed with double quotes or preceded by a command. The way markup
+expressions are defined affects how these expressions will be stacked,
+centered and aligned; in the following example, the second
+@code{\markup} expression is treated the same as the first one:
@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=2]
c1^\markup { \center-column { a bbb c } }
@unnumberedsubsubsec Selecting font and font size
@cindex font switching
+@cindex changing fonts
+@cindex switching fonts
+
@funindex \italic
+@funindex italic
@funindex \bold
+@funindex bold
@funindex \underline
+@funindex underline
Basic font switching is supported in markup mode:
@cindex font size
@cindex text size
+
@funindex \fontsize
+@funindex fontsize
@funindex \smaller
+@funindex smaller
@funindex \larger
+@funindex larger
@funindex \magnify
+@funindex magnify
The size of the characters can also be altered in different ways:
@itemize
@cindex subscript
@cindex superscript
+
@funindex \super
+@funindex super
@funindex \sub
+@funindex sub
-Text may be printed as subscript or superscript. By default
-these are printed in a smaller size, but a normal size can be used as well:
+Text may be printed as subscript or superscript. By default these are
+printed in a smaller size, but a normal size can be used as well:
@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
\markup {
@cindex font families
-The markup mode provides an easy way to select alternate
-font families. The default serif font, of roman type, is
-automatically selected unless specified otherwise; on the
-last line of the following example, there is no difference
-between the first and the second word.
+The markup mode provides an easy way to select alternate font
+families. The default serif font, of roman type, is automatically
+selected unless specified otherwise; on the last line of the following
+example, there is no difference between the first and the second word.
@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
\markup {
@end lilypond
@noindent
-Some of these font families, used for specific items
-such as numbers or dynamics, do not provide all
-characters, as mentioned in @ref{New dynamic marks} and
-@ref{Manual repeat marks}.
+Some of these font families, used for specific items such as numbers
+or dynamics, do not provide all characters, as mentioned in @ref{New
+dynamic marks} and @ref{Manual repeat marks}.
@c \concat is actually documented in Align (it is not
-@c a font-switching command). But we need it here. -vv
+@c a font-switching command). But we need it here. -vv
-When used inside a word, some font-switching or formatting
-commands may produce an unwanted blank space. This can
-easily be solved by concatenating the text elements together:
+When used inside a word, some font-switching or formatting commands
+may produce an unwanted blank space. This can easily be solved by
+concatenating the text elements together:
@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
\markup {
}
@end lilypond
-An exhaustive list of font switching, and custom font usage
+An exhaustive list of font switching commands and custom font usage
commands can be found in @ref{Font}.
Defining custom font sets is also possible, as explained in
@ref{Fonts}.
+@funindex \teeny
+@funindex teeny
+@funindex \tiny
+@funindex tiny
+@funindex \small
+@funindex small
+@funindex \normalsize
+@funindex normalsize
+@funindex \large
+@funindex large
+@funindex \huge
+@funindex huge
+@funindex \smaller
+@funindex smaller
+@funindex \larger
+@funindex larger
+
@predefined
-@funindex \teeny
@code{\teeny},
-@funindex \tiny
@code{\tiny},
-@funindex \small
@code{\small},
-@funindex \normalsize
@code{\normalsize},
-@funindex \large
@code{\large},
-@funindex \huge
@code{\huge},
-@funindex \smaller
@code{\smaller},
-@funindex \larger
@code{\larger}.
@endpredefined
@cindex text, aligning
@cindex aligning text
+@cindex aligning markup text
+@cindex aligning markups
+@cindex markups, aligning
+@cindex markup text, aligning
-This subsection discusses how to place text in markup mode.
-Markup objects can also be moved as a whole, using the syntax
-described in @rlearning{Moving objects}.
+This subsection discusses how to place text in markup mode. Markup
+objects can also be moved as a whole, using the syntax described in
+@rlearning{Moving objects}.
@c Padding commands should be mentioned on this page, but
@c most of these require \box to be more clearly illustrated. -vv
@cindex text, horizontal alignment
@cindex horizontal text alignment
+
@funindex \left-align
+@funindex left-align
@funindex \center-align
+@funindex center-align
@funindex \right-align
+@funindex right-align
-Markup objects may be aligned in different ways. By default,
-a text indication is aligned on its left edge: in the following
-example, there is no difference
-between the first and the second markup.
+Markup objects may be aligned in different ways. By default, a text
+indication is aligned on its left edge: in the following example,
+there is no difference between the first and the second markup.
@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=2]
d1-\markup { poco }
@end lilypond
@funindex \halign
+@funindex halign
-Horizontal alignment may be fine-tuned
-using a numeric value:
+Horizontal alignment may be fine-tuned using a numeric value:
@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=2]
a1-\markup { \halign #-1 poco }
@end lilypond
@noindent
-Some objects may have alignment procedures of their own,
-and therefore are not affected by these commands. It is
-possible to move such markup objects as a whole, as shown
-for instance in @ref{Text marks}.
+Some objects may have alignment procedures of their own, and therefore
+are not affected by these commands. It is possible to move such
+markup objects as a whole, as shown for instance in @ref{Text marks}.
@cindex text, vertical alignment
@cindex vertical text alignment
+
@funindex \raise
+@funindex raise
@funindex \lower
+@funindex lower
+@funindex \null
+@funindex null
-Vertical alignment is a bit more complex. As stated above,
-markup objects can be moved as a whole; however, it is also
-possible to move specific elements inside a markup block.
-In this case, the element to be moved needs to be preceded
-with an @emph{anchor point}, that can be another markup element
-or an invisible object. The following example demonstrates these
-two possibilities; the last markup in this example has no anchor
-point, and therefore is not moved.
+@c QUERY Should the function of ``\null'' be clarified? rp
+
+Vertical alignment is a bit more complex. As stated above, markup
+objects can be moved as a whole; however, it is also possible to move
+specific elements inside a markup block. In this case, the element to
+be moved needs to be preceded with an @emph{anchor point}, that can be
+another markup element or an invisible object. The following example
+demonstrates these two possibilities; the last markup in this example
+has no anchor point, and therefore is not moved.
@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=1]
d2^\markup {
@end lilypond
@funindex \general-align
+@funindex general-align
@funindex \translate
+@funindex translate
@funindex \translate-scaled
+@funindex translate-scaled
-Some commands can affect both the horizontal and vertical
-alignment of text objects in markup mode. Any object
-affected by these commands must be preceded with an
-anchor point:
+Some commands can affect both the horizontal and vertical alignment of
+text objects in markup mode. Any object affected by these commands
+must be preceded with an anchor point:
@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=1]
d2^\markup {
a'4 a g2 a
@end lilypond
-@funindex \column
-@funindex \center-column
-
@cindex multi-line markup
+@cindex markup, multi-line
@cindex multi-line text
+@cindex text, multi-line
+@cindex text in columns
@cindex columns, text
-A markup object may include several lines of text.
-In the following example, each element or expression
-is placed on its own line, either left-aligned or centered:
+@funindex \column
+@funindex column
+@funindex \center-column
+@funindex center-column
+
+A markup object may include several lines of text. In the following
+example, each element or expression is placed on its own line, either
+left-aligned or centered:
@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
\markup {
}
@end lilypond
-@funindex \fill-line
-
@cindex centering text on the page
+@cindex text, centering on the page
+@cindex markup, centering on the page
-Similarly, a list of elements or expressions may be
-spread to fill the entire horizontal line width (if there
-is only one element, it will be centered on the page).
-These expressions can, in turn, include multi-line text
-or any other markup expression:
+@funindex \fill-line
+@funindex fill-line
+
+Similarly, a list of elements or expressions may be spread to fill the
+entire horizontal line width (if there is only one element, it will be
+centered on the page). These expressions can, in turn, include
+multi-line text or any other markup expression:
@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
\markup {
}
@end lilypond
-@funindex \wordwrap
-@funindex \justify
-
@cindex wordwrapped text
@cindex justified text
+@cindex text, justified
+@cindex text, wordwrapped
+@cindex markup text, wordwrapped
+@cindex markup text, justified
+
+@funindex \wordwrap
+@funindex wordwrap
+@funindex \justify
+@funindex justify
-Long text indications can also be automatically wrapped
-accordingly to the given line width. These will be
-either left-aligned or justified, as shown in
-the following example.
+Long text indications can also be automatically wrapped accordingly to
+the given line width. These will be either left-aligned or justified,
+as shown in the following example.
@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
\markup {
\line \bold { Acto I }
\wordwrap \italic {
(La escena representa el corral de una casa de
- gitanos en el Albaicín de Granada. Al fondo una
+ gitanos en el Albaicín de Granada. Al fondo una
puerta por la que se ve el negro interior de
una Fragua, iluminado por los rojos resplandores
del fuego.)
\line \bold { Acto II }
\override #'(line-width . 50)
\justify \italic {
- (Calle de Granada. Fachada de la casa de Carmela
+ (Calle de Granada. Fachada de la casa de Carmela
y su hermano Manuel con grandes ventanas abiertas
a través de las que se ve el patio
donde se celebra una alegre fiesta)
}
@end lilypond
-An exhaustive list of text alignment commands
-can be found in @ref{Align}.
+@cindex text alignment commands
+@cindex markup text alignment commands
+@cindex alignment, text, commands
+
+An exhaustive list of text alignment commands can be found in
+@ref{Align}.
@seealso
Snippets:
@rlsr{Text}.
-Internals Reference: @rinternals{TextScript}.
+Internals Reference:
+@rinternals{TextScript}.
Installed files:
@file{scm/@/define@/-markup@/-commands@/.scm}.
@cindex graphics, embedding
@cindex drawing graphic objects
+@cindex graphic objects, drawing
+@cindex embedding graphic objects
+@cindex graphic objects, embedding
-Various graphic objects may be added to a score,
-using markup commands.
+Various graphic objects may be added to a score, using markup
+commands.
+
+@cindex decorating text
+@cindex framing text
+@cindex text, framing
+@cindex text, decorating
+@cindex markup text, decorating
+@cindex markup text, framing
@funindex \box
+@funindex box
@funindex \circle
+@funindex circle
@funindex \rounded-box
+@funindex rounded-box
@funindex \bracket
+@funindex bracket
@funindex \hbracket
+@funindex hbracket
-@cindex decorating text
-@cindex framing text
-
-Some markup commands allow decoration of text elements
-with graphics, as demonstrated in the following example.
+Some markup commands allow decoration of text elements with graphics,
+as demonstrated in the following example.
@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
\markup \fill-line {
}
@end lilypond
+@cindex padding around text
+@cindex text padding
+@cindex markup text padding
+
@funindex \pad-markup
+@funindex pad-markup
@funindex \pad-x
+@funindex pad-x
@funindex \pad-to-box
+@funindex pad-to-box
@funindex \pad-around
+@funindex pad-around
-@cindex padding around text
-@cindex text padding
-
-Some commands may require an increase in the padding around
-the text; this is achieved with some markup commands
-exhaustively described in @ref{Align}.
+Some commands may require an increase in the padding around the text;
+this is achieved with some markup commands exhaustively described in
+@ref{Align}.
@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
\markup \fill-line {
}
@end lilypond
+@cindex graphic notation
+@cindex symbols, non-musical
+@cindex non-musical symbols
+@cindex notation, graphic
+
@funindex \combine
+@funindex combine
@funindex \draw-circle
+@funindex draw-circle
@funindex \filled-box
+@funindex filled-box
@funindex \triangle
+@funindex triangle
@funindex \draw-line
+@funindex draw-line
@funindex \arrow-head
+@funindex arrow-head
-@cindex graphic notation
-@cindex symbols, non-musical
-
-Other graphic elements or symbols may be printed
-without requiring any text. As with any markup
-expression, such objects can be combined.
+Other graphic elements or symbols may be printed without requiring any
+text. As with any markup expression, such objects can be combined.
@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
\markup {
}
@end lilypond
-@funindex \epsfile
-@funindex \postscript
-
@cindex embedded graphics
@cindex images, embedding
@cindex graphics, embedding
@cindex postscript
-Advanced graphic features include the ability to
-include external image files converted to the
-Encapsulated PostScript format (@emph{eps}), or
-to directly embed graphics into the input file,
-using native PostScript code. In such a case, it
-may be useful to explicitly specify the size of the
-drawing, as demonstrated below:
+@funindex \epsfile
+@funindex epsfile
+@funindex \postscript
+@funindex postscript
+
+Advanced graphic features include the ability to include external
+image files converted to the Encapsulated PostScript format
+(@emph{eps}), or to directly embed graphics into the input file, using
+native PostScript code. In such a case, it may be useful to
+explicitly specify the size of the drawing, as demonstrated below:
@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=1]
c1^\markup {
c
@end lilypond
-An exhaustive list of graphics-specific commands
-can be found in @ref{Graphic}.
+An exhaustive list of graphics-specific commands can be found in
+@ref{Graphic}.
@seealso
Snippets:
@rlsr{Text}.
-Internals Reference: @rinternals{TextScript}.
+Internals Reference:
+@rinternals{TextScript}.
Installed files:
@file{scm/@/define@/-markup@/-commands@/.scm},
@node Music notation inside markup
@unnumberedsubsubsec Music notation inside markup
-Various musical notation elements may be added
-to a score, inside a markup object.
+@cindex notation inside markup
+@cindex music inside markup
+@cindex markup, music notation inside
+
+Various musical notation elements may be added to a score, inside a
+markup object.
-Notes and accidentals can be entered using markup
-commands:
+Notes and accidentals can be entered using markup commands:
@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=2]
a2 a^\markup {
}
@end lilypond
-More generally, any available musical symbol may be
-included separately in a markup object, as demonstrated
-below; an exhaustive list of these symbols and their
-names can be found in @ref{The Feta font}.
+More generally, any available musical symbol may be included
+separately in a markup object, as demonstrated below; an exhaustive
+list of these symbols and their names can be found in @ref{The Feta
+font}.
@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=2]
c2
c2^\markup { \musicglyph #"timesig.neomensural94" }
@end lilypond
-@noindent
-Another way of printing non-text glyphs is described in
-@ref{Fonts explained}. This is useful for printing braces of
-various sizes.
+Another way of printing non-text glyphs is described in @ref{Fonts
+explained}. This is useful for printing braces of various sizes.
The markup mode also supports diagrams for specific
instruments:
c
c^\markup {
\combine
- \musicglyph #"accordion.accDiscant"
+ \musicglyph #"accordion.discant"
\combine
- \raise #0.5 \musicglyph #"accordion.accDot"
- \raise #1.5 \musicglyph #"accordion.accDot"
+ \raise #0.5 \musicglyph #"accordion.dot"
+ \raise #1.5 \musicglyph #"accordion.dot"
}
@end lilypond
@noindent
Such diagrams are documented in @ref{Instrument Specific Markup}.
-A whole score can even be nested inside a markup object.
-In such a case, the nested @code{\score} block must
-contain a @code{\layout} block, as demonstrated here:
+@cindex score inside markup
+@cindex markup, score inside
+
+A whole score can even be nested inside a markup object. In such a
+case, the nested @code{\score} block must contain a @code{\layout}
+block, as demonstrated here:
@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=1]
c4 d^\markup {
c d e f
@end lilypond
-An exhaustive list of music notation related commands can be
-found in @ref{Music}.
+An exhaustive list of music notation related commands can be found in
+@ref{Music}.
@seealso
Snippets:
@rlsr{Text}.
-Internals Reference: @rinternals{TextScript}.
+Internals Reference:
+@rinternals{TextScript}.
Installed files:
@file{scm/@/define@/-markup@/-commands@/.scm},
@node Multi-page markup
@unnumberedsubsubsec Multi-page markup
-Although standard markup objects are not breakable, a
-specific syntax makes it possible to enter lines of text that can
-spread over multiple pages:
+@cindex multi-page markup
+@cindex markup, multi-page
+@cindex markup text, multi-page
+@cindex text spread over multiple pages
+
+@funindex \markuplines
+@funindex markuplines
+@funindex \justified-lines
+@funindex justified-lines
+@funindex \wordwrap-lines
+@funindex wordwrap-lines
+
+Although standard markup objects are not breakable, a specific syntax
+makes it possible to enter lines of text that can spread over multiple
+pages:
@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
\markuplines {
@seealso
Notation Reference:
@ref{Text markup list commands},
-@ref{New markup list command definition}.
Snippets:
@rlsr{Text}.
-Internals Reference: @rinternals{TextScript}.
+Extending:
+@rextend{New markup list command definition}.
+
+Internals Reference:
+@rinternals{TextScript}.
Installed files:
@file{scm/@/define@/-markup@/-commands@/.scm}.
-@predefined
@funindex \markuplines
+@funindex markuplines
+
+@predefined
@code{\markuplines}.
@endpredefined
@node Fonts
@subsection Fonts
-This section presents the way fonts are handled,
-and how they may be changed in scores.
+This section presents the way fonts are handled, and how they may be
+changed in scores.
@menu
* Fonts explained::
@cindex Pango
@cindex fonts, explained
@cindex braces, various sizes
+@cindex fonts, non-text in markup
+@cindex non-text fonts in markup
+
@funindex font-interface
-Fonts are handled through several libraries.
-FontConfig is used to detect available fonts on the system;
-the selected fonts are rendered using Pango.
+Fonts are handled through several libraries. FontConfig is used to
+detect available fonts on the system; the selected fonts are rendered
+using Pango.
-Music notation fonts can be described as a set of
-specific glyphs, ordered in several families.
-The following syntax allows various LilyPond @code{feta} non-text
-fonts to be used directly in markup mode:
+Music notation fonts can be described as a set of specific glyphs,
+ordered in several families. The following syntax allows various
+LilyPond @code{feta} non-text fonts to be used directly in markup
+mode:
@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=2]
a1^\markup {
\vcenter {
\override #'(font-encoding . fetaBraces)
\lookup #"brace120"
- \override #'(font-encoding . fetaNumber)
- \column { 1 3 }
- \override #'(font-encoding . fetaDynamic)
- sf
+ \override #'(font-encoding . fetaText)
+ \column { 1 3 sf }
\override #'(font-encoding . fetaMusic)
\lookup #"noteheads.s0petrucci"
}
@end lilypond
@noindent
-However, all these glyphs except the braces of various sizes
-contained in @code{fetaBraces} are available using the
-simpler syntax described in @ref{Music notation inside markup}.
+However, all these glyphs except the braces of various sizes contained
+in @code{fetaBraces} are available using the simpler syntax described
+in @ref{Music notation inside markup}.
-When using the glyphs contained in @code{fetaBraces}, the size of
-the brace is specified by the numerical part of the glyph name, in
+When using the glyphs contained in @code{fetaBraces}, the size of the
+brace is specified by the numerical part of the glyph name, in
arbitrary units. Any integer from @code{0} to @code{575} inclusive
may be specified, @code{0} giving the smallest brace. The optimum
value must be determined by trial and error. These glyphs are all
left braces; right braces may be obtained by rotation, see
@ref{Rotating objects}.
-Three families of text fonts are made available: the
-@emph{roman} (serif) font, that defaults to New Century
-Schoolbook, the @emph{sans} font and the monospaced
-@emph{typewriter} font -- these last two families are
-determined by the Pango installation.
+Three families of text fonts are made available: the @emph{roman}
+(serif) font, that defaults to New Century Schoolbook, the @emph{sans}
+font and the monospaced @emph{typewriter} font -- these last two
+families are determined by the Pango installation.
-Each family may include different shapes and series.
-The following example demonstrates the ability to select
-alternate families, shapes, series and sizes. The value
-supplied to @code{font-size} is the required change from the
-default size.
+Each family may include different shapes and series. The following
+example demonstrates the ability to select alternate families, shapes,
+series and sizes. The value supplied to @code{font-size} is the
+required change from the default size.
@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=2]
\override Score.RehearsalMark #'font-family = #'typewriter
@end lilypond
@noindent
-A similar syntax may be used in markup mode, however in this case
-it is preferable to use the simpler syntax explained in
-@ref{Selecting font and font size}:
+A similar syntax may be used in markup mode; however in this case it
+is preferable to use the simpler syntax explained in @ref{Selecting
+font and font size}:
@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
\markup {
}
@end lilypond
-Although it is easy to switch between preconfigured fonts,
-it is also possible to use other fonts, as explained in the
-following sections: @ref{Single entry fonts} and
-@ref{Entire document fonts}.
+Although it is easy to switch between preconfigured fonts, it is also
+possible to use other fonts, as explained in the following sections:
+@ref{Single entry fonts} and @ref{Entire document fonts}.
@seealso
@node Single entry fonts
@unnumberedsubsubsec Single entry fonts
-Any font that is installed on the operating system and recognized
-by FontConfig may be used in a score, using the following syntax:
+Any font that is installed on the operating system and recognized by
+FontConfig may be used in a score, using the following syntax:
@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=2]
-\override Staff.TimeSignature #'font-name = #"Charter"
+\override Staff.TimeSignature #'font-name = #"Bitstream Charter"
\override Staff.TimeSignature #'font-size = #2
\time 3/4
}
@end lilypond
+@cindex fonts, finding available
+@cindex finding available fonts
+@cindex listing available fonts
+@cindex available fonts, listing
+
@funindex show-available-fonts
-The following command displays a list of all available fonts
-on the operating system:
+The following command displays a list of all available fonts on the
+operating system:
@example
lilypond -dshow-available-fonts x
@end example
-@noindent
-The last argument of the command can be anything, but has to be
-present.
-
@seealso
Notation Reference:
Snippets:
@rlsr{Text}.
-Installed files:
-@file{lily/@/font@/-config@/-scheme@/.cc}.
+@c A source file gets never installed...
+@c Installed files:
+@c @file{lily/@/font@/-config@/-scheme@/.cc}.
@node Entire document fonts
explanation of fonts, see @ref{Fonts explained}.
@cindex font families, setting
+@cindex fonts, changing for entire document
+
@funindex make-pango-font-tree
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff