Guide, node Updating translation committishes..
@end ignore
-@c \version "2.13.36"
+@c \version "2.14.0"
@node Staff notation
@section Staff notation
@cindex instrument names, short
Instrument names can be printed on the left side of staves in the
-@code{Staff} and @code{PianoStaff} contexts. The value of
+@code{Staff}, @code{PianoStaff}, @code{StaffGroup}, @code{GrandStaff}
+and @code{ChoirStaff} contexts. The value of
@code{instrumentName} is used for the first staff, and the value
of @code{shortInstrumentName} is used for all succeeding staves.
@cindex instrument names, adding to other contexts
To add instrument names to other contexts (such as
-@code{GrandStaff}, @code{ChoirStaff}, or @code{StaffGroup}),
+@code{ChordNames} or @code{FiguredBass}),
@code{Instrument_name_engraver} must be added to that context.
For details, see @ref{Modifying context plug-ins}.
@node Quoting other voices
@unnumberedsubsubsec Quoting other voices
-@cindex cues
-@cindex quoting other voices
-@cindex fragments
+@cindex quote, voices
+@cindex voices, quoting
+@cindex fragments, quoting
@cindex cue notes
@funindex \addQuote
@funindex \transposition
@funindex transposition
-It is very common for one voice to double some of the music from
-another voice. For example, the first and second violins may play the
-same notes during a passage of music. In LilyPond this is accomplished
-by letting one voice @emph{quote} the other voice without having to
-re-enter it.
-
-Before a part can be quoted, the @code{\addQuote} command must be used
-to initialize the quoted fragment. This command must be used in the
-toplevel scope. The first argument is an identifying string, and the
-second is a music expression:
+It is very common for one voice to use the same notes as those from
+another voice. For example, first and second violins playing the same
+phrase during a particular passage of the music. This is done by
+letting one voice @emph{quote} the other, without having to re-enter the
+music all over again for the second voice.
-@example
-flute = \relative c'' @{
- a4 gis g gis
-@}
-\addQuote "flute" @{ \flute @}
-@end example
+The @code{\addQuote} command, used in the top level scope, defines a
+stream of music from which fragments can be quoted.
The @code{\quoteDuring} command is used to indicate the point where the
quotation begins. It is followed by two arguments: the name of the
quoted voice, as defined with @code{\addQuote}, and a music expression
-that indicates the duration of the quote, usually spacer rests or
-multi-measure rests. The corresponding music (including all articulations,
-dynamics, markup, etc.) from the quoted voice is inserted into the music
-expression:
+for the duration of the quote.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-flute = \relative c'' {
- a4 gis g->\f gis^\markup{quoted}
+fluteNotes = \relative c'' {
+ a4 gis g gis | b4^"quoted" r8 ais\p a4( f)
}
-\addQuote "flute" { \flute }
-\relative c' {
- c4 cis \quoteDuring #"flute" { s2 }
+oboeNotes = \relative c'' {
+ c4 cis c b \quoteDuring #"flute" { s1 }
+}
+
+\addQuote "flute" { \fluteNotes }
+
+\score {
+ <<
+ \new Staff \with { instrumentName = "Flute" } \fluteNotes
+ \new Staff \with { instrumentName = "Oboe" } \oboeNotes
+ >>
}
@end lilypond
-If the music expression used for @code{\quoteDuring} contains
-anything but a spacer rest or multi-measure rest, a polyphonic
-situation is created, which is often not desirable:
+If the music expression used in @code{\quoteDuring} contains notes
+instead of spacer or multimeasure rests then the quote will appear as
+polyphony and may produce unexpected results.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-flute = \relative c'' {
- a4 gis g gis
+fluteNotes = \relative c'' {
+ a4 gis g gis | b4^"quoted" r8 ais\p a4( f)
}
-\addQuote "flute" { \flute }
-\relative c' {
- c4 cis \quoteDuring #"flute" { c4 b }
+oboeNotes = \relative c'' {
+ c4 cis c b \quoteDuring #"flute" { e4 r8 ais b4 a }
+}
+
+\addQuote "flute" { \fluteNotes }
+
+\score {
+ <<
+ \new Staff \with { instrumentName = "Flute" } \fluteNotes
+ \new Staff \with { instrumentName = "Oboe" } \oboeNotes
+ >>
}
@end lilypond
-Quotations recognize instrument transposition settings for both
-the source and target instruments if the @code{\transposition}
-command is used. For details about @code{\transposition}, see
-@ref{Instrument transpositions}.
+The @code{\quoteDuring} command uses the @code{\transposition} settings
+of both quoted and quoting parts to produce notes for the quoting part
+that have the same sounding pitch as those in the quoted part.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-clarinet = \relative c'' {
+clarinetNotes = \relative c'' {
\transposition bes
- a4 gis g gis
+ \key d \major
+ b4 ais a ais | cis4^"quoted" r8 bis\p b4( f)
}
-\addQuote "clarinet" { \clarinet }
-\relative c' {
- c4 cis \quoteDuring #"clarinet" { s2 }
+oboeNotes = \relative c'' {
+ c4 cis c b \quoteDuring #"clarinet" { s1 }
}
-@end lilypond
-It is possible to tag quotations with unique names in order to
-process them in different ways. For details about this procedure,
-see @ref{Using tags}.
+\addQuote "clarinet" { \clarinetNotes }
-It is also possible to adjust which objects from the original voice are quoted
-by changing the @code{quotedEventTypes} property. By default, its value is
-@code{#'(StreamEvent)}, which means that everything is quoted. Setting it
-to e.g. @code{#'(note-event rest-event tie-event)} causes lilypond to quote
-only notes, rests and ties, but no articulations, markup or dynamics.
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-clarinet = \relative c'' {
- a4 gis g->\f gis^\markup{quoted}
-}
-\addQuote "clarinet" { \clarinet }
-\relative c' {
- \set Score.quotedEventTypes = #'(note-event rest-event tie-event)
- c4 cis \quoteDuring #"clarinet" { s2 }
+\score {
+ <<
+ \new Staff \with { instrumentName = "Clarinet" } \clarinetNotes
+ \new Staff \with { instrumentName = "Oboe" } \oboeNotes
+ >>
}
@end lilypond
-@snippets
-
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
-{quoting-another-voice-with-transposition.ly}
-
@cindex note-event
@cindex articulation-event
@cindex dynamic-event
@cindex rest-event
+@cindex slur-event
+@cindex crescendo-event
@funindex quotedEventTypes
@funindex quotedCueEventTypes
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
-{quoting-another-voice.ly}
+By default quoted music will include all articulations, dynamics,
+markups, etc., in the quoted expression. It is possible to choose which
+of these objects from the quoted music are displayed by using the
+@code{quotedEventTypes} context property.
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+fluteNotes = \relative c'' {
+ a2 g2 |
+ b4\<^"quoted" r8 ais a4\f( c->)
+ }
+
+oboeNotes = \relative c'' {
+ c2. b4 |
+ \quoteDuring #"flute" { s1 }
+}
+
+\addQuote "flute" { \fluteNotes }
+
+\score {
+ <<
+ \set Score.quotedEventTypes = #'(note-event articulation-event
+ crescendo-event rest-event
+ slur-event dynamic-event)
+ \new Staff \with { instrumentName = "Flute" } \fluteNotes
+ \new Staff \with { instrumentName = "Oboe" } \oboeNotes
+ >>
+ }
+@end lilypond
+
+Quotes can also be tagged, see @ref{Using tags}.
@seealso
Notation Reference:
@rlsr{Staff notation}.
Internals Reference:
+@rinternals{Music classes},
@rinternals{QuoteMusic},
@rinternals{Voice}.
+Installed Files:
+@file{scm/define-event-classes.scm}.
-@knownissues
+@knownissues
Only the contents of the first @code{Voice} occurring in an
-@code{\addQuote} command will be considered for quotation, so
-@code{@var{music}} cannot contain @code{\new} and
-@code{\context Voice} statements that would switch to a different
-Voice.
-
-Quoting grace notes is broken and can even cause LilyPond to
-crash.
-
-Quoting nested triplets may result in poor notation.
-
-In earlier versions of LilyPond (pre 2.11), @code{addQuote} was
-written entirely in lower-case letters: @code{\addquote}.
+@code{\addQuote} command will be considered for quotation, so if the music
+expression contains @code{\new} or @code{\context Voice}
+statements, their contents will not be quoted. Quoting grace notes
+is unsupported and may cause LilyPond to crash whereas quoting nested
+triplets may result in poor notation.
@node Formatting cue notes
@unnumberedsubsubsec Formatting cue notes
-@cindex cues
@cindex cue notes
-@cindex cue notes, formatting
@cindex fragments
-@cindex quoting other voices
-@cindex cues, formatting
+@cindex cue notes, formatting
+@cindex formatting, cue notes
+@cindex voices, quoting
+
@funindex \cueDuring
@funindex cueDuring
+@funindex \cueClef
+@funindex cueClef
+@funindex \cueDuringWithClef
+@funindex cueDuringWithClef
@funindex \quoteDuring
@funindex quoteDuring
-The previous section explains how to create quotations. The
-@code{\cueDuring} command is a more specialized form of
-@code{\quoteDuring}, being particularly useful for inserting cue
-notes into a part. The syntax is as follows:
+@cindex notes, smaller
+@cindex smaller notes
+@cindex CueVoice
+
+The simplest way to format cue notes is to explicitly create a
+@code{CueVoice} context within the part.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,relative=1]
+R1
+<<
+ { e2\rest r4. e8 }
+ \new CueVoice {
+ \stemUp d'8^"flute" c d e fis2
+ }
+>>
+d,4 r a r
+@end lilypond
+
+The @code{\cueClef} command can also be used with an explict
+@code{CueVoice} context if a change of clef is required and will print
+an appropriately sized clef for the cue notes. The @code{\cueClefUnset}
+command can then be used to switch back to the original clef, again with
+an appropriately sized clef.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,noragged-right,relative=1]
+\clef "bass"
+R1
+<<
+ { e2\rest r4. \cueClefUnset e,8 }
+ \new CueVoice {
+ \cueClef "treble" \stemUp d''8^"flute" c d e fis2
+ }
+>>
+d,,4 r a r
+@end lilypond
+
+The @code{\cueClef} and @code{\cueClefUnset} command can also be used
+without a @code{CueVoice} if required.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,noragged-right,relative=1]
+\clef "bass"
+R1
+\cueClef "treble"
+d'8^"flute" c d e fis2
+\cueClefUnset
+d,,4 r a r
+@end lilypond
+
+For more complex cue note placement, e.g including transposition, or
+inserting cue notes from multiple music sources the @code{\cueDuring} or
+@code{\cueDuringWithClef} commands can be used. These are more
+specialized form of @code{\quoteDuring}, see @ref{Quoting other voices}
+in the previous section.
+
+The syntax is:
+
+@example
+\cueDuring #@var{quotename} #@var{direction} #@var{music}
+@end example
+
+and
@example
-\cueDuring #@var{partname} #@var{voice} @var{music}
+\cueDuringWithClef #@var{quotename} #@var{direction} #@var{clef} #@var{music}
@end example
-This command copies only the notes and rests from the
-corresponding measures from @code{@var{partname}} into a
-@code{CueVoice} context. The @code{CueVoice} is created
-implicitly, and occurs simultaneously with @code{@var{music}},
-which creates a polyphonic situation. The @code{@var{voice}}
-argument determines whether the cue notes should be notated as a
-first or second voice; @code{UP} corresponds to the first voice,
-and @code{DOWN} corresponds to the second.
+The music from the corresponding measures of the @code{@var{quote name}}
+is added as a @code{CueVoice} context and occurs simultaneously with the
+@code{@var{music}}, which then creates a polyphonic situation. The
+@code{@var{direction}} takes the argument @code{UP} or @code{DOWN}, and
+corresponds to the first and second voices respectively, determining how
+the cue notes are printed in relation to the other voice.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-oboe = \relative c'' {
- r2 r8 d16(\f f e g f a)
- g8 g16 g g2.
+fluteNotes = \relative c'' {
+ r2. c4 | d8 c d e fis2 | g2 d |
}
-\addQuote "oboe" { \oboe }
-\new Voice \relative c'' {
- \cueDuring #"oboe" #UP { R1 }
+oboeNotes = \relative c'' {
+ R1
+ s1*0^\markup { \tiny "flute" }
+ \cueDuring #"flute" #UP { R1 }
g2 c,
}
+
+\addQuote "flute" { \fluteNotes }
+
+\new Staff {
+ \oboeNotes
+}
@end lilypond
@noindent
-In the above example, the @code{Voice} context had to be
-explicitly declared, or else the entire music expression would
-belong to the @code{CueVoice} context.
+
It is possible to adjust which aspects of the music are quoted with
@code{\cueDuring} by setting the @code{quotedCueEventTypes}
notes, rests, ties, beams and tuplets are quoted, but not
articulations, dynamic marks, markup etc.
+In this example, the @code{Voice} context must be
+explicitly declared, or else the entire music expression would
+belong to the @code{CueVoice} context.
+
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-oboe = \relative c'' {
+oboeNotes = \relative c'' {
r2 r8 d16(\f f e g f a)
g8 g16 g g2.
}
-\addQuote "oboe" { \oboe }
+\addQuote "oboe" { \oboeNotes }
\new Voice \relative c'' {
\set Score.quotedCueEventTypes = #'(note-event rest-event tie-event
@end lilypond
Markup can be used to show the name of the quoted instrument. Also,
-if the cue notes require a change in clef, the original clef should
-be restored at the end of the cue notes.
+if the cue notes require a change in clef, this can be done manually but
+the original clef should also be restored manually at the end of the cue
+notes.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-flute = \relative c'' {
+fluteNotes = \relative c'' {
r2. c4 d8 c d e fis2 g2 d2
}
-bassoon = \relative c {
+
+bassoonNotes = \relative c {
\clef bass
R1
\clef treble
\clef bass
g4. b8 d2
}
-\addQuote "flute" { \flute }
+
+\addQuote "flute" { \fluteNotes }
+
\new Staff {
- \bassoon
+ \bassoonNotes
}
@end lilypond
-@cindex removing cues
-@cindex removing cue notes
-@cindex cue notes, removing
-
-@funindex \killCues
-@funindex killCues
-
-The @code{\killCues} command removes cue notes from a music
-expression, so the same music expression can be used to produce
-the instrument part with cues and the score. The @code{\killCues}
-command removes only the notes and events that were quoted by
-@code{\cueDuring}. Other markup associated with cues, such as clef
-changes and a label identifying the source instrument, can be
-tagged for selective inclusion in the score; see @ref{Using tags}.
+Alternatively, the @code{\cueDuringWithClef} function can be used
+instead. This command takes an extra argument to specify the change of
+clef that needs to be printed for the cue notes but will automatically
+print the original clef once the cue notes have finished.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-flute = \relative c'' {
+fluteNotes = \relative c'' {
r2. c4 d8 c d e fis2 g2 d2
}
-bassoon = \relative c {
+
+bassoonNotes = \relative c {
\clef bass
R1
- \tag #'part {
- \clef treble
- s1*0^\markup { \tiny "flute" }
- }
- \cueDuring #"flute" #UP { R1 }
- \tag #'part \clef bass
+ s1*0^\markup { \tiny "flute" }
+ \cueDuringWithClef #"flute" #UP #"treble" { R1 }
g4. b8 d2
}
-\addQuote "flute" { \flute }
+
+\addQuote "flute" { \fluteNotes }
\new Staff {
- \bassoon
+ \bassoonNotes
}
-\new StaffGroup <<
- \new Staff {
- \flute
- }
- \new Staff {
- \removeWithTag #'part { \killCues { \bassoon } }
- }
->>
@end lilypond
-Alternatively, Clef changes and instrument labels can be
-collected into an instrument definition for repeated use, using
-@code{\addInstrumentDefinition} described in
-@ref{Instrument names}.
-
@funindex \transposedCueDuring
@funindex transposedCueDuring
taking cues from an instrument in a completely different register.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-piccolo = \relative c''' {
+piccoloNotes = \relative c''' {
\clef "treble^8"
R1
c8 c c e g2
c4 g g2
}
-bassClarinet = \relative c' {
+
+bassClarinetNotes = \relative c' {
\key d \major
\transposition bes,
d4 r a r
d4 r a r
}
-\addQuote "piccolo" { \piccolo }
+\addQuote "piccolo" { \piccoloNotes }
<<
- \new Staff \piccolo
- \new Staff \bassClarinet
+ \new Staff \piccoloNotes
+ \new Staff \bassClarinetNotes
>>
@end lilypond
-@cindex notes, smaller
-@cindex smaller notes
+@cindex removing cue notes
+@cindex cue notes, removing
-A @code{CueVoice} context may be created explicitly if notes of a
-smaller size are required, for example to set an alternative
-sequence of notes more suitable for a higher or lower voice.
+@funindex \killCues
+@funindex killCues
+@funindex \addInstrumentDefinition
+@funindex addInstrumentDefinition
-@lilypond[verbatim,relative=2]
-\time 12/8
-\key ees \major
-g4 ees8 f4 g8
-\stemDown
-<<
- { d4. bes4 c8 }
- \new CueVoice
- { g'4. f4 ees8 }
+The @code{\killCues} command removes cue notes from a music
+expression, so the same music expression can be used to produce
+the instrument part with cues and the score. The @code{\killCues}
+command removes only the notes and events that were quoted by
+@code{\cueDuring}. Other markup associated with cues, such as clef
+changes and a label identifying the source instrument, can be
+tagged for selective inclusion in the score; see @ref{Using tags}.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+fluteNotes = \relative c'' {
+ r2. c4 d8 c d e fis2 g2 d2
+}
+
+bassoonNotes = \relative c {
+ \clef bass
+ R1
+ \tag #'part {
+ \clef treble
+ s1*0^\markup { \tiny "flute" }
+ }
+ \cueDuring #"flute" #UP { R1 }
+ \tag #'part \clef bass
+ g4. b8 d2
+}
+
+\addQuote "flute" { \fluteNotes }
+
+\new Staff {
+ \bassoonNotes
+}
+
+\new StaffGroup <<
+ \new Staff {
+ \fluteNotes
+ }
+ \new Staff {
+ \removeWithTag #'part { \killCues { \bassoonNotes } }
+ }
>>
-\stemUp
-d2. d2.
@end lilypond
+Alternatively, Clef changes and instrument labels can be
+collected into an instrument definition for repeated use, using
+@code{\addInstrumentDefinition} described in @ref{Instrument names}.
+
@seealso
Notation Reference:
+@ref{Quoting other voices},
@ref{Instrument transpositions},
@ref{Instrument names},
+@ref{Clef},
@ref{Musical cues},
@ref{Using tags}.
@knownissues
Collisions can occur with rests, when using @code{\cueDuring},
-between @code{Voice} and @code{CueVoice} contexts.
+between @code{Voice} and @code{CueVoice} contexts. When using
+@code{\cueDuringWithClef} or @code{\transposedCueDuring} the extra
+argument required for each case must come after the quote and the
+direction.
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff