Guide, node Updating translation committishes..
@end ignore
-@c \version "2.14.0"
+@c \version "2.17.6"
@node Staff notation
@section Staff notation
-@lilypondfile[quote]{staff-headword.ly}
+@c The line width is a bit of a hack to allow space for the
+@c instrument names.
+@lilypondfile[quote,ragged-right,line-width=14.5\cm,staffsize=16]{staff-headword.ly}
This section explains how to influence the appearance of staves,
how to print scores with more than one staff, and how to add tempo
@notation{Staves} (singular: @notation{staff}) are created with
the @code{\new} or @code{\context} commands. For details, see
-@ref{Creating contexts}.
+@ref{Creating and referencing contexts}.
The basic staff context is @code{Staff}:
New single staff contexts may be defined. For details, see
@ref{Defining new contexts}.
-
@seealso
Music Glossary:
@rglos{staff},
@rglos{staves}.
Notation Reference:
-@ref{Creating contexts},
+@ref{Creating and referencing contexts},
@ref{Percussion staves},
@ref{Showing melody rhythms},
@ref{Default tablatures},
@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
{mensurstriche-layout-bar-lines-between-the-staves.ly}
-
@seealso
Music Glossary:
@rglos{brace},
@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
{nesting-staves.ly}
-
@seealso
Notation Reference:
@ref{Grouping staves},
@rinternals{SystemStartBracket},
@rinternals{SystemStartSquare}.
+
@node Separating systems
@unnumberedsubsubsec Separating systems
@node Staff symbol
@unnumberedsubsubsec Staff symbol
-@cindex adjusting staff symbol
-@cindex drawing staff symbol
-@cindex staff symbol, setting of
-@cindex staff symbol, drawing
-@cindex stop staff lines
-@cindex start staff lines
-@cindex staff lines, amount of
-@cindex staff lines, number of
-@cindex staff line, thickness of
-@cindex amount of staff lines
-@cindex thickness of staff lines
-@cindex ledger lines, setting
-@cindex setting of ledger lines
-@cindex spacing of ledger lines
-@cindex number of staff lines
-
-The lines of a staff belong to the @code{StaffSymbol} grob.
-@code{StaffSymbol} properties can be modified to change the
-appearance of a staff, but they must be modified before the staff
-is created.
-
-The number of staff lines may be changed. The clef position and
-the position of middle C may need to be modified to fit the new
-staff. For an explanation, refer to the snippet section in
-@ref{Clef}.
+@cindex staff symbol
+@cindex staff lines, stopping and starting
+@cindex staff lines, modifying
+@cindex ledger lines
+@cindex ledger lines, internal
+@cindex ledger lines, modifying
+
+@funindex \startStaff
+@funindex startStaff
+@funindex \stopStaff
+@funindex stopStaff
+
+The @code{\stopStaff} and @code{\startStaff} commands can be used to
+stop or (re)start the staff lines respectively, from being printed at
+any point witin a score.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\new Staff \with {
- \override StaffSymbol #'line-count = #3
-}
-{ d4 d d d }
+\stopStaff f4 d \startStaff g, e
+f'4 d \stopStaff g, e
+f'4 d \startStaff g, e
@end lilypond
-Staff line thickness can be modified. The thickness of ledger
-lines and stems are also affected, since they depend on staff line
-thickness.
+@predefined
+@code{\startStaff},
+@code{\stopStaff}.
+@endpredefined
+
+The lines of a staff belong to the @code{StaffSymbol} grob (including
+ledger lines) and can be modified using @code{StaffSymbol} properties, but
+these modifications must be made before the staff is (re)started.
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
-\new Staff \with {
- \override StaffSymbol #'thickness = #3
-}
-{ e4 d c b }
+The number of staff lines can be altered:
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+f4 d \stopStaff
+\override Staff.StaffSymbol.line-count = #2
+\startStaff g, e |
+
+f'4 d \stopStaff
+\revert Staff.StaffSymbol.line-count
+\startStaff g, e |
@end lilypond
-Ledger line thickness can be set independently of staff line
-thickness. In the example the two numbers are factors multiplying
-the staff line thickness and the staff line spacing. The two
-contributions are added to give the ledger line thickness.
+The position of each staff line can also be altered. A list of
+numbers sets each line's position. @code{0}@tie{}corresponds to the normal
+center line, and the normal line positions are
+@code{(-4@tie{}-2@tie{}0@tie{}2@tie{}4)}. A single staff line is
+printed for every value entered so that the number of staff lines, as
+well as their position, can be changed with a single override.
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+f4 d \stopStaff
+\override Staff.StaffSymbol.line-positions = #'(1 3 5 -1 -3)
+\startStaff g, e |
+f'4 d \stopStaff
+\override Staff.StaffSymbol.line-positions = #'(8 6.5 -6 -8 -0.5)
+\startStaff g, e
+@end lilypond
+
+To preserve typical stem directions (in the bottom half of the staff
+stems point up, in the top half they point down), align the center
+line (or space) of the customized staff with the position of the
+normal center line (0). The clef position and the position of
+middle@tie{}C may need to be adjusted accordingly to fit the new
+lines. See @ref{Clef}.
+
+Staff line thickness can be altered. Ledger lines and note stems, by
+default, are also affected.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
\new Staff \with {
- \override StaffSymbol #'ledger-line-thickness = #'(1 . 0.2)
+ \override StaffSymbol.thickness = #3
}
-{ e4 d c b }
+{ f4 d g, e }
@end lilypond
-The distance between staff lines can be changed. This setting
-affects the spacing of ledger lines as well.
+However, it is possible to set ledger line thickness independently of
+staff lines. The two values required multiply the staff line thickness
+with the staff line spacing and are then added together to give the
+ledger line thickness.
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
\new Staff \with {
- \override StaffSymbol #'staff-space = #1.5
+ \override StaffSymbol.thickness = #2
+ \override StaffSymbol.ledger-line-thickness = #'(0.5 . 0.4)
}
-{ a4 b c d }
+{ f'4 a, a,, f }
@end lilypond
-Further details about the properties of @code{StaffSymbol} can be
-found in @rinternals{staff-symbol-interface}.
-
-@cindex stopping a staff
-@cindex starting a staff
-@cindex staff, starting
-@cindex staff, stopping
+The vertical positions of ledger lines can be altered,
-@funindex \startStaff
-@funindex startStaff
-@funindex \stopStaff
-@funindex stopStaff
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+\new Staff \with {
+ \override StaffSymbol.ledger-positions = #'(-3 -2 -1 2 5 6)
+}
+{ f'4 a, a,, f }
+@end lilypond
-Modifications to staff properties in the middle of a score can be
-placed between @code{\stopStaff} and @code{\startStaff}:
+Additional ledger lines can be made to appear above or below note heads
+depending on the current position relative to other note heads that
+also have their own ledger lines.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-c2 c
-\stopStaff
-\override Staff.StaffSymbol #'line-count = #2
-\startStaff
-b2 b
-\stopStaff
-\revert Staff.StaffSymbol #'line-count
-\startStaff
-a2 a
+\new Staff \with {
+ \override StaffSymbol.ledger-extra = #4
+}
+{ f'4 a, d, f, }
@end lilypond
-@noindent
-In general, @code{\startStaff} and @code{\stopStaff} can be used
-to stop or start a staff in the middle of a score.
+Ledger lines can also be made to appear inside the staff where custom
+staff lines are required. The example shows the default position of
+ledger lines when the explicit @code{ledger-position} is and is not set.
+The @code{\stopStaff} is needed in the example to revert the
+@code{\override} for the whole @code{StaffSymbol}.
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-c4 b a2
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
+\override Staff.StaffSymbol.line-positions = #'(-8 0 2 4)
+d4 e f g
\stopStaff
-b4 c d2
\startStaff
-e4 d c2
+\override Staff.StaffSymbol.ledger-positions = #'(-8 -6 (-4 -2) 0)
+d4 e f g
@end lilypond
+The distance between staff lines can be altered. This affects ledger
+line spacing as well.
-@predefined
-@code{\startStaff},
-@code{\stopStaff}.
-@endpredefined
-
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+\new Staff \with {
+ \override StaffSymbol.staff-space = #1.5
+}
+{ f'4 d, g, e, }
+@end lilypond
@snippets
-
@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
{making-some-staff-lines-thicker-than-the-others.ly}
-
@seealso
Music Glossary:
@rglos{line},
only a few ossia staves are needed.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-\new Staff = main \relative c'' {
+\new Staff = "main" \relative c'' {
c4 b d c
<<
{ c4 b d c }
\remove "Time_signature_engraver"
alignAboveContext = #"main"
fontSize = #-3
- \override StaffSymbol #'staff-space = #(magstep -3)
- \override StaffSymbol #'thickness = #(magstep -3)
+ \override StaffSymbol.staff-space = #(magstep -3)
+ \override StaffSymbol.thickness = #(magstep -3)
firstClef = ##f
}
{ e4 d f e }
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
<<
- \new Staff = ossia \with {
+ \new Staff = "ossia" \with {
\remove "Time_signature_engraver"
- \override Clef #'transparent = ##t
+ \override Clef.transparent = ##t
fontSize = #-3
- \override StaffSymbol #'staff-space = #(magstep -3)
- \override StaffSymbol #'thickness = #(magstep -3)
+ \override StaffSymbol.staff-space = #(magstep -3)
+ \override StaffSymbol.thickness = #(magstep -3)
}
{ \stopStaff s1*6 }
c4 b c2
<<
{ e4 f e2 }
- \context Staff = ossia {
+ \context Staff = "ossia" {
\startStaff e4 g8 f e2 \stopStaff
}
>>
c4 b c2
<<
{ g4 a g2 }
- \context Staff = ossia {
+ \context Staff = "ossia" {
\startStaff g4 e8 f g2 \stopStaff
}
>>
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
<<
- \new Staff = ossia \with {
+ \new Staff = "ossia" \with {
\remove "Time_signature_engraver"
- \override Clef #'transparent = ##t
+ \override Clef.transparent = ##t
fontSize = #-3
- \override StaffSymbol #'staff-space = #(magstep -3)
- \override StaffSymbol #'thickness = #(magstep -3)
+ \override StaffSymbol.staff-space = #(magstep -3)
+ \override StaffSymbol.thickness = #(magstep -3)
} \relative c'' {
R1*3
c4 e8 d c2
\layout {
\context {
\Staff \RemoveEmptyStaves
- \override VerticalAxisGroup #'remove-first = ##t
+ \override VerticalAxisGroup.remove-first = ##t
}
}
@end lilypond
@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
{vertically-aligning-ossias-and-lyrics.ly}
-
@seealso
Music Glossary:
@rglos{ossia},
@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
{removing-the-first-empty-line.ly}
-
@seealso
Music Glossary:
@rglos{Frenched staff}.
@rinternals{VerticalAxisGroup},
@rinternals{Staff_symbol_engraver}.
-
@knownissues
-
Removing @code{Staff_symbol_engraver} also hides bar lines. If
bar line visibility is forced, formatting errors may occur. In
this case, use the following overrides instead of removing the
engraver:
@example
-\override StaffSymbol #'stencil = ##f
-\override NoteHead #'no-ledgers = ##t
+\override StaffSymbol.stencil = ##f
+\override NoteHead.no-ledgers = ##t
@end example
For the Known issues and warnings associated with
@code{\Staff \RemoveEmptyStaves} see
@ref{Changing context default settings}.
+
@node Writing parts
@subsection Writing parts
of @code{shortInstrumentName} is used for all succeeding staves.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,relative=1]
-\set Staff.instrumentName = #"Violin "
-\set Staff.shortInstrumentName = #"Vln "
-c4.. g'16 c4.. g'16
-\break
-c1
+\new Staff \with {
+ instrumentName = #"Violin "
+ shortInstrumentName = #"Vln. "
+}
+{ c4.. g'16 c4.. g'16 \break | c1 }
@end lilypond
-Markup mode can be used to create more complicated instrument
-names:
+@cindex instrument names, complex
+
+@code{\markup} can be used to create more complex instrument names:
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\set Staff.instrumentName = \markup {
- \column { "Clarinetti"
- \line { "in B" \smaller \flat } } }
-c4 c,16 d e f g2
+\new Staff \with {
+ instrumentName = \markup {
+ \column { "Clarinetti"
+ \line { "in B" \smaller \flat }
+ }
+ }
+}
+{ c4 c,16 d e f g2 }
@end lilypond
@cindex instrument names, centering
-When two or more staff contexts are grouped together, the
-instrument names and short instrument names are centered by
-default. To center multi-line instrument names,
-@code{\center-column} must be used:
+When two or more staff contexts are grouped together, the instrument
+names and short instrument names are centered by default. To center
+multi-line instrument names, @code{\center-column} must be used:
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,indent=1.5\cm,relative=2]
<<
- \new Staff {
- \set Staff.instrumentName = #"Flute"
- f2 g4 f
+ \new Staff \with {
+ instrumentName = #"Flute"
}
- \new Staff {
- \set Staff.instrumentName = \markup \center-column {
- Clarinet
- \line { "in B" \smaller \flat }
+ { f2 g4 f }
+ \new Staff \with {
+ instrumentName = \markup {
+ \center-column { "Clarinet"
+ \line { "in B" \smaller \flat }
+ }
}
- c4 b c2
}
+ { c4 b c2 }
>>
@end lilypond
@funindex indent
@funindex short-indent
-However, if the instrument names are longer, the instrument names
-in a staff group may not be centered unless the @code{indent} and
-@code{short-indent} settings are increased. For details about
-these settings, see @ref{\paper variables for shifts and indents}.
+However, if the instrument names are longer, the instrument names in a
+staff group may not be centered unless the @code{indent} and
+@code{short-indent} settings are increased. For details about these
+settings, see @ref{paper variables for shifts and indents,,@code{@bs{}paper} variables for shifts and indents}.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
+\relative c'' {
+ <<
+ \new Staff \with {
+ instrumentName = #"Alto Flute in G"
+ shortInstrumentName = #"Flt."
+ }
+ {
+ f2 g4 f \break
+ g4 f g2
+ }
+ \new Staff \with {
+ instrumentName = #"Clarinet"
+ shortInstrumentName = #"Clar."
+ }
+ {
+ c,4 b c2 \break
+ c2 b4 c
+ }
+ >>
+}
+
\layout {
indent = 3.0\cm
short-indent = 1.5\cm
}
-
-\relative c'' <<
- \new Staff {
- \set Staff.instrumentName = #"Alto Flute in G"
- \set Staff.shortInstrumentName = #"Fl."
- f2 g4 f \break
- g4 f g2
- }
- \new Staff {
- \set Staff.instrumentName = #"Clarinet"
- \set Staff.shortInstrumentName = #"Clar."
- c,4 b c2 \break
- c2 b4 c
- }
->>
@end lilypond
@cindex instrument names, adding to other contexts
-To add instrument names to other contexts (such as
-@code{ChordNames} or @code{FiguredBass}),
-@code{Instrument_name_engraver} must be added to that context.
-For details, see @ref{Modifying context plug-ins}.
+To add instrument names to other contexts (such as @code{ChordNames} or
+@code{FiguredBass}), @code{Instrument_name_engraver} must be added to
+that context. For details, see @ref{Modifying context plug-ins}.
@cindex instrument names, changing
@cindex changing instrument names
-Instrument names may be changed in the middle of a piece.
-However, remember that @code{instrumentName} will not be
-displayed in the middle of the piece, as it only appears
-on the first staff:
+The @code{shortInstrumentName} may be changed in the middle of a piece.
+However, only the first instance of @code{instrumentName} will be
+printed and subsequent changes will be ignored:
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,relative=1]
-\set Staff.instrumentName = #"First"
-\set Staff.shortInstrumentName = #"one"
-c1 c c c \break
-c1 c c c \break
-\set Staff.instrumentName = #"Second"
-\set Staff.shortInstrumentName = #"two"
-c1 c c c \break
-c1 c c c \break
+\new Staff \with {
+ instrumentName = #"Flute"
+ shortInstrumentName = #"Flt."
+}
+{
+ c1 c c c \break
+ c1 c c c \break
+ \set Staff.instrumentName = #"Clarinet"
+ \set Staff.shortInstrumentName = #"Clt."
+ c1 c c c \break
+ c1 c c c \break
+}
@end lilypond
@cindex instrument switch
}
@end lilypond
-
@seealso
Notation Reference:
-@ref{\paper variables for shifts and indents},
+@ref{paper variables for shifts and indents,,@code{@bs{}paper} variables for shifts and indents},
@ref{Modifying context plug-ins}.
Snippets:
@ref{Instrument transpositions},
@ref{Using tags}.
+Installed Files:
+@file{scm/define-event-classes.scm}.
+
Snippets:
@rlsr{Staff notation}.
@rinternals{QuoteMusic},
@rinternals{Voice}.
-Installed Files:
-@file{scm/define-event-classes.scm}.
-
-
@knownissues
Only the contents of the first @code{Voice} occurring in an
@code{\addQuote} command will be considered for quotation, so if the music
oboeNotes = \relative c'' {
R1
- s1*0^\markup { \tiny "flute" }
+ \new CueVoice { \set instrumentCueName = "flute" }
\cueDuring #"flute" #UP { R1 }
g2 c,
}
}
@end lilypond
-Markup can be used to show the name of the quoted instrument. Also,
-if the cue notes require a change in clef, this can be done manually but
-the original clef should also be restored manually at the end of the cue
-notes.
+The name of the instrument playing the cue can be printed by setting
+the @code{instrumentCueName} property in a temporary @code{CueVoice}
+context. The placement and style of the @code{instrumentCueName} is
+controlled by the @code{\instrumentSwitch} object, see
+@ref{Instrument names}. If the cue notes require a change in clef,
+this can be done manually but the original clef should also be
+restored manually at the end of the cue notes.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
fluteNotes = \relative c'' {
\clef bass
R1
\clef treble
- s1*0^\markup { \tiny "flute" }
+ \new CueVoice { \set instrumentCueName = "flute" }
\cueDuring #"flute" #UP { R1 }
\clef bass
g4. b8 d2
bassoonNotes = \relative c {
\clef bass
R1
- s1*0^\markup { \tiny "flute" }
+ \new CueVoice { \set instrumentCueName = "flute" }
\cueDuringWithClef #"flute" #UP #"treble" { R1 }
g4. b8 d2
}
R1
\tag #'part {
\clef treble
- s1*0^\markup { \tiny "flute" }
+ \new CueVoice { \set instrumentCueName = "flute" }
}
\cueDuring #"flute" #UP { R1 }
\tag #'part \clef bass
collected into an instrument definition for repeated use, using
@code{\addInstrumentDefinition} described in @ref{Instrument names}.
-
@seealso
Notation Reference:
@ref{Quoting other voices},
@rinternals{CueVoice},
@rinternals{Voice}.
-
@knownissues
-
Collisions can occur with rests, when using @code{\cueDuring},
between @code{Voice} and @code{CueVoice} contexts. When using
@code{\cueDuringWithClef} or @code{\transposedCueDuring} the extra